Radiation sickness - is a complex disease that occurs on a background of the impact of radiation on the human body. With this disease affects the circulatory system, brain, diagnosed disorders in the central nervous system, a high risk of cancer. The illness is particularly dangerous for children, adolescents, pregnant women.
Overview
When ionizing form of radiation sickness radiation level it is at a level of from 1 to 10 Gray and more. Sick person can thus ailment due to radioactive substances through the air, toxic food, mucous membranes, as well as through injection. Type depends on the clinical manifestations of exposure level. For example, with lesions to one ionization Gray organism experiencing slight changes it is called the state of preexisting diseases. Radiation doses more than ten Gray impact negatively on the activity of the stomach, intestines, organs affected hematopoiesis. State by irradiation of over ten Gray is considered fatal to the human body. Try to understand the symptoms and treatment of radiation sickness.
Causes
Radiation disease stimulates radiation, which penetrates into the human body and provokes destructive changes in organs and systems of human body.
Basic premise:
- radioactive substances through the air;
- penetrating radiation through the water;
- infection through food.
The penetration of the radiation is possible through:
- dermis;
- mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and nose;
- lungs during normal breathing air;
- blood while injecting medication;
- lungs during inhalation procedures, etc.
Classification
In current medical practice, identify several stages of the disease:
- acute;
- subacute;
- chronic stage.
There are several types of radiation, provoking radiation sickness:
- A radiation - relevant increased ionization density for him, reduced penetration capability;
- B radiation - here marked weak ionization and penetrating power;
- Y-study - is characterized by a deep tissue damage in the zone of its action;
- neutron radiation - is characterized by lesions of the tissue lining the uneven and organs.
phases:
- phase №1 - the skin turns red, there is swelling, fever;
- phase №2 - occurs within 4-5 days after exposure, there is a low blood pressure, unstable heart rate, impaired the structure of the skin, hair loss, reduced reflex sensitivity, there are problems with motor skills, movement;
- phase №3 - is characterized by the striking manifestations of the symptoms of radiation sickness affected hematopoietic and circulatory system observed bleeding, fever, affects the mucous membranes of the stomach and other internal authorities;
- phase №4 - the patient is gradually improving, but for a long time may be a so-called syndrome asthenovegetative dramatically decreases the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
Depending on the level of destruction of the body radiation Crafted 4 degrees of radiation sickness:
- lite degree at which the exposure is in the range from one to two Gray;
- stage medium, when exposure is in the range of two to four Gray;
- severe degree - the level of radiation is fixed in the range of four to six Gy;
- deadly when exposure is more than six Gray.
Symptoms of radiation sickness
Symptomatology depends on the basic stages of its course and characteristics of the human body.
For phase I is characterized by such symptoms of radiation sickness:
- slight indisposition;
- frequent vomiting;
- constant feeling of nausea;
- drowsiness;
- recurrent headaches;
- low blood pressure;
- diarrhea;
- fever;
- sudden loss of consciousness;
- skin redness up to manifestation bluish hue;
- increased heart rate;
- Finger trembling;
- reduced muscle tone;
- general malaise.
During Phase II (sham recovery) observed symptoms of radiation sickness:
- gradual disappearance of signs of phase I;
- damage to the skin;
- hair loss;
- gait disturbance, hand movements;
- aching muscles;
- "The effect of running the eye";
- stihanie reflexes.
In phase III diagnosed:
- general weakness of the body;
- hemorrhagic syndrome (excessive bleeding);
- lack of appetite;
- the skin becomes bright color;
- appear sores;
- swelling and increased bleeding gums;
- frequent urination;
- rapid pulse;
- circulatory failure and hematopoietic systems;
- problems digesting food, etc.
Symptoms of radiation sickness - non-specific and require careful examination by a doctor. Need Help with a therapist, a hematologist may oncologist.
Diagnostics
To refute or confirm the diagnosis It needs to be diagnosed, which includes the following types of research:
- examination by a physician;
- medical history;
- general blood test, clinical, biochemical,
- performance of coagulation;
- holding ultrasound;
- X-rays;
- endoscopy;
- bone marrow examination;
- chromosome analysis of hematopoietic cells;
- bakposeve;
- electroencephalography;
- computed tomography (CT);
- dosimetric analyzes of blood, urine and feces.
Treatment of radiation sickness
In order to effectively treat radiation sickness recommended:
- urgent help during infection (remove clothing, wash the body, clear the stomach, etc.);
- receiving sedatives complexes;
- antishock therapy;
- detoxification;
- reception systems, blocking problems of the stomach and intestines;
- isolation of the patient;
- receiving antibacterial agents;
- physical exercise;
- antibiotics (especially in the first two days);
- surgery to bone marrow transplantation.
Ways of treating the disease should choose a therapist, a hematologist. You may need further advice oncologist, gynecologist, gastroenterologist, proctologist, etc.
prevention
For prevention it is recommended to adhere to these rules:
- Avoid radio emission zone;
- use different types of protection (masks, bandages, costumes);
- take radioprotectors group preparations (one hour before the intended location);
- P taking vitamins B6, C;
- consume anabolic hormones such as;
- drink plenty of water.
Currently, the ideal protection against radiation exposure is not. It is therefore necessary to use instruments to measure radiation level and in the event of a threat to use protective equipment.
Forecast
Contact with people who have been exposed to radiation, can not lead to contamination by radiation. With patients who have a diagnosis of radiation sickness is allowed to contact without protection. The greatest danger of this disease poses to children and adolescents. Ionization effect on the cells during their growth. it also represents a serious threat to pregnant women, as at the stage of fetal development cells are most vulnerable, and the exposure can adversely affect fetal development. For those who have undergone radiation, the risk of such effects are: circulatory failure and hematopoietic system, endocrine, central nervous, digestive, reproductive systems, separate authorities. It is also a high risk of development of oncological processes in the body. Help in the treatment of this disease should have a professional therapist. Under its control should be performed, and therapy. May need counseling related professionals.
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