Light or dark blood in stool - a sign of pathology. Normally, it should not be. Rectal bleeding most often occurs in adults, due to their lifestyle and diet. This symptom occurs when simple hemorrhoids or malignant disease (cancer). Blood is not always visible to the naked eye, which makes the diagnosis.
Why it happens
When the feces with blood could be the cause of infectious and non-infectious. This symptom is a human cause:
- Nonspecific ulcerative colitis. It is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the large intestine uniform. May be affected straight, sigmoid colon. The etiology of colitis has not been established. Possible predisposing factors include autoimmune disorders, infections, and family history. At this pathology appears as a result of blood trauma ulcers and vascular damage. It is bright red.
- Helminth infections. Parasites can damage the mucous membrane, leading to bleeding.
- Gastric ulcer.
- esophageal bleeding.
- Acute intestinal infections.
- Benign bowel tumors (polyps).
- Esophageal varices.
- Diverticulosis.
- Inflammatory diseases. Ulcerative proctitis - severe inflammation of the rectal mucosa, in which ulcers are formed and a narrowing of the lumen of the body. Proctitis may cause injuries, infections and parasites.
- Protozoozy (amebiasis).
- Malignant disease (cancer of the bowel).
- Improper conduct of medical procedures (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy).
- Earlier bowel surgery and stomach. The admixture of blood in the stool only concern for some time, then this symptom disappears.
- Hemorrhoids.
- Crohn's disease.
- Endometriosis.
- Mechanical trauma to the mucosa. Perhaps if accidentally swallowed sharps (needles, bones), as a result of careless anal sex or masturbation.
- blood diseases (leukemia, hemophilia).
- Tuberculosis of the intestine. It develops as a complication of pulmonary disease form. Pathogens are mycobacteria.
- Exposure to ionizing radiation.
- CRYPTO (inflammation of the anus pockets).
- Anogenital warts.
Reddish hue feces does not mean the presence of the disease. This is observed when taking certain medications or drinking food (beets, melons, tomatoes). When receiving the iron and activated carbon often chair becomes black.
anal fissure
Discharge of blood during stool - a sign of anal fissures. This deep defect mucous elliptical or linear form. The crack can reach a length of 2 cm or more. Pathology is often detected together with hemorrhoids. Occurrence of a crack triggers:
- constipation;
- severe diarrhea;
- inflammatory diseases;
- stress;
- irritable bowel syndrome;
- hemorrhoids;
- anal sex;
- errors in diet (excess in the menu of acute and roughage);
- trauma during childbirth;
- lifting weights and blood stagnation.
Patients on the surface of the feces are found traces of blood. It stands out a bit. Blood comes out at the end of a bowel movement, and not mixed with feces. Fresh blood is scarlet. In some people, severe bleeding occurs. Along with this symptom, pain during and after a bowel movement, discomfort, and anal itching.
Hemorrhoids
Hard stool with blood - which means that a person aggravation of hemorrhoids. Ill mostly men 20-40 years. Hemorrhoids are affected anus vein. They lose their elasticity and firmness, which leads to the formation of knots. In the early stages of the nodes are located inside, and later - go outside and do not reduce a.
The bleeding occurs when the damaged vein anus solid feces.
Hemorrhoids occurs in people leading a sedentary (inactive) lifestyle in pregnancy and childbirth, constipation, long journeys, poor nutrition and hard physical work.
When hemorrhoids may appear bright red blood in the stool. In most patients, the amount of discharge is not more than a few drops. Only occasionally jetting bleeding observed. If left untreated, often develop anemia. Defecation accompanied by pain and itching. When viewed from the anus detected hemorrhoids.
Polyps in the intestine
Scarlet blood in the stool causing polyps. This non-cancerous growths, which are growths on the thin stalk or broad basis. The exact cause has not been established. Risk factors:
- goiter;
- chronic constipation;
- gastritis with high acidity;
- cholecystitis;
- cholelithiasis;
- tumor.
Advantageously affected colon.
Signs of men and women of polyps:
- bleeding;
- pain syndrome;
- bowel obstruction;
- Overflow feeling;
- itching, burning;
- signs of anemia;
- instability of the chair;
- nausea and belching.
Sometimes along with the feces out the mucus and pus. The stools with blood occur as a result of the increase of polyps, their injury and ulceration. The closer to the anus is a polyp, the more blood is released. This pathology can degenerate into cancer.
Oncology
The admixture of red blood cells in stool - a sign of colon cancer. The most commonly diagnosed colorectal cancer. The risk of developing the disease increases with:
- the presence in a family of cancer patients;
- Genetic mutations;
- chronic inflammatory diseases;
- adenomatous polyps;
- no menu cereals;
- inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables;
- smoking;
- alcoholism;
- fecal stasis;
- contact with carcinogens;
- Lynch syndrome.
The main symptom of colorectal cancer - the presence of inclusions in the stool bleeding in adults. However, they are not top of the feces, and mixed with them. Blood stands out without pain. Other signs of malignant disease are:
- tenesmus;
- alternating diarrhea with constipation;
- urinary and fecal gas;
- signs of toxicity in the form of exhaustion, pallor and weakness.
The occurrence of blood in the feces of men possibly at later stages, which worsens the prognosis.
Acute intestinal infection
If there is blood at the chair, it can be suspected intestinal infection (salmonellosis, dysentery and ehsherihiozom). The peculiarity of these diseases - diarrhea. Bleeding salmonellosis arise from infection with salmonella when consuming food (Salads, confectionery, meat of sick animals, fish, eggs, boiled water) and mucosal inflammation of the colon and thin intestines.
When this pathology chair liquid, up to 10 times and more greenish color (similar marsh mud) and doped with a dark or bright red blood. With the defeat of the stomach this symptom is absent. Diarrhea also develops in people infected with Shigella. Infection occurs aqueous, food and contact-household ways.
young children often get sick.
Infection and discharge of blood in the feces is most commonly seen in the warm season (summer and fall). Dysentery stool resembles rectal spittle. Additional symptoms include false, painful desires in a toilet, indigestion and fever. Frequent stools talking about the development of gastroenteritis.
Crohn's disease
The presence of blood in the veins of the feces of an adult - a symptom of Crohn's disease. When it is developed granulomatous inflammation of the digestive system. The disease has an autoimmune nature. The risk of developing this disease increased by smoking, allergies, use of oral contraceptives and alcoholism.
The hallmark of Crohn's disease is a combination of intestinal symptoms (bleeding, stool instability, pain) with extraintestinal symptoms (affected eye, joints and skin). There are both veins and blood clots in stool. If the blood in feces, the disease can lead to anemia. It appears dizziness, weakness, and there is decreased performance. People become pale.
bowel diverticulosis
If the bloody stool can be suspected diverticulosis. This is a condition in which there are multiple protrusions bowel wall sac shape. Most commonly affects the large intestine. This pathology is caused by the weakness of the connective tissue. The causes of diverticula:
- congenital anomalies;
- constipation;
- lack of vitamins;
- lack of exercise;
- overweight;
- poor nutrition.
The disease can be asymptomatic for many years. Symptoms of diverticulitis:
- diarrhea;
- abdominal pain, decreases or disappears after a bowel movement;
- recurrent rectal bleeding;
- flatulence (increased gassing).
Sometimes, hard stools. In this case, the feces have a spherical shape and are surrounded by mucus.
endometriosis
A common cause of blood in the stool for women - endometriosis. It is characterized by proliferation of the glandular tissue similar to the uterine endometrium in the intestine. More common in women younger than 40 years. Risk factors:
- inflammation of the uterus (salpingo);
- endometritis;
- abortion history;
- overweight;
- liver disease.
In endometriosis infestation serosal (outer) layer body.
The symptoms of this disease of the female:
- feces with blood and mucus;
- pain;
- constipation alternating with diarrhea;
- gas retention;
- pain during sexual intercourse.
This pathology is often accompanied by metrorrhagia (non-cyclic bleeding) and menorrhagia (violation of menstruation).
manifestations
The main symptom - the presence of blood (red blood cells) in the patient's feces. Blood can be scarlet (with the defeat of the final intestine) or dark (when lesions of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine entry). This feature occurs continuously (at every stool) or periodically. Simultaneously, the following symptoms may occur:
- frequent urge to the bathroom;
- general malaise;
- temperature rise;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- pain during bowel movement;
- tenesmus to the toilet;
- false desires;
- change in stool form on the tape-like (the narrowing of the intestinal lumen) or spherical;
- swelling;
- nausea;
- vomiting (if there vomiting blood, Can be suspected pathology of the stomach and esophagus);
- loss of appetite;
- heartburn;
- abdominal pain;
- bleeding at other sites.
To which the doctor ask
If there is bleeding you need to see a doctor (gastroenterologist, kolonoproktologu). Should go to the doctor immediately. Otherwise, progression is possible underlying disease and deterioration.
Diagnostics
In allocating the blood in the stool will need:
- Anamnesis.
- Physical examination. It includes palpation, percussion and auscultation.
- A digital rectal examination.
- Gynecological examinations (ultrasound, hysteroscopy, obstetric examination on the chair).
- Colonoscopy (examination of the colon with an endoscope).
- Sigmoidoscopy (examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon).
- Coprogram.
- Fecal occult blood.
- Sonography.
- CT and MRI.
- Barium enema.
- Biopsy with cytological and histological analyzes.
- Common clinical blood and urine tests.
- Biochemical analysis of blood.
- Bacteriological analysis.
- Determination of tumor markers in the blood.
analysis of feces
Most diagnostic value has coprogram (total fecal analysis). In the course of it is determined by:
- fecal volume;
- acidity;
- color;
- smell;
- consistency;
- presence of pathological contaminants.
The material collected after the preparation, which involves washing away and emptying of the bladder. Material is collected in a clean container during defecation natural (without laxatives and enemas). Normally, in healthy individuals in the feces of the red blood cells are not available.
sigmoidoscopy
To evaluate the state of the mucous rectum and sigmoid colon from the inside. The patient is administered into the rectum tube diameter of about 2 cm. The image is transmitted to the lens and the optical fiber. This manipulation is a little painful. Pre-lubricated tube with petroleum jelly.
If the stool comes out with blood, this study is a must. Before the procedure must be cleaned intestine (Fortrans by receiving or using 2 enema).
Sigmoidoscopy reveals hemorrhoids, fissures, proctitis, sigmoid and neoplasms.
colonoscopy
When a chair with blood in an adult may need a colonoscopy. Different from sigmoidoscopy:
- the ability to explore all parts of the colon;
- longer duration;
- possibility fence fragment tissues for the study;
- soreness;
- the ability to remove polyps and to stop bleeding;
- transfer the image to the computer screen.
How to treat
If a person has a chair with blood, it requires a complex therapy. Treatment of the underlying disease is determined. Help cure patients:
- medications;
- diet;
- folk remedies;
- physiotherapy;
- operation;
- minimally invasive surgery.
What if in the stool blood in the background ulcers do not know everything. Treatment includes antibiotics (for detecting Helicobacter bacteria), antacids (high acidity), proton pump blockers (omez) and gastroprotectives (De Nol). Patients need to give up the spicy, smoked, fried, coarse food and alcohol. When bleeding is required endoscopic hemostasis by electrocoagulation, thermocoagulation or laser irradiation. In severe cases require surgery (suturing ulcers, gastric resection, suturing vessels).
When detecting in the stool an adult helminth eggs or amoebae are assigned antiparasitic agents (Vermoxum, Nemozol, biltricid, Tiniba, Metrogil, Tiberal). The chair can appear in rectal endometriosis. In this case, the treatment includes the use of immunomodulators, antibiotics and antiviral agents. operation is performed with no effect.
When bleeding occurs in the background of ulcerative colitis is a diet, use of corticosteroids, sulfasalazine and immunosuppressants.
In acute intestinal infections require washing, antibiotics, enzymes, infusion therapy, micro enema with herbs and diet.
In the case of detecting polyps with polypectomy conducted biopsy, segmental resection of colon or radical surgery.
Hemorrhoids treated venotonics, candles and ointments, photocoagulation, laser, ligation, sclerotherapy and electrocoagulation. Perhaps a hemorrhoidectomy.
prevention
To prevent the discharge of blood in the stool, it is necessary to treat inflammatory diseases, avoid alcohol, spicy, solid and fried foods, quit smoking, avoid contact with chemicals, move more, play sports and not to raise weights.
