Profuse bleeding called acute condition in which there is violation of the integrity of large vessels with massive blood yield. This name is applied to a phenomenon in which blood loss in a short period of 30% or more of the total volume. Profuse bleeding is life-threatening as a result of acute anemia syndrome. The reason it becomes perforated ulcers in the digestive organs, destruction of lung tissue, gynecological diseases, post-natal complications.
Causes
Depending on the localization process are the following reasons for the development of breakthrough bleeding:
- In gastric ulcer provoke acute pathology can use certain drugs (salicylates, steroids, anticoagulants and disaggregants), diet disorders (acute meals, alcohol).
- Etiologic factor provoking pronounced blood loss in the respiratory system becomes tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, malignant tumor or abscess.
- Epistaxis occurs when atrophic processes, increasing brittleness vessels.
Common causes for any blood loss are:
- injuries and bruises;
- reception facilities for blood thinners;
- disease with impaired clotting process;
- destruction of tissue or tumor metastases;
- cyst rupture.
Often cause massive blood loss becomes profuse uterine bleeding. It arises as a result of a variety of diseases, traumatic injuries, hormonal changes, heavily flowing pregnancy and birth, ectopic pregnancy.
climacteric
Bleeding during menopause It is not the norm, even if it is small, and profuse discharge of blood - is evidence of a serious illness. Even menstruation after an absence of years at menopause is considered a pathology. The cause of the deviation may be:
- hemodilution;
- neoplasms of the cervix or in the uterus benign or malignant nature;
- gormonoaktivnye tumors at other sites;
- tekomatoz (proliferation) or ovarian cancer;
- use of hormone replacement therapy;
- varicose veins vagina.
Sometimes in the premenopausal period, due to the extinction level of female hormones, blood loss can be observed in terms of the onset of menstruation on the background of a regular cycle disorders. It becomes abundant and longer time.
Hormonal disbalance
Profuse bleeding and a discharge of blood observed a sharp hormonal failure in women. This happens in the following cases:
- violation monitoring hormone in the CNS (hypophysis disease);
- inflammation, ovarian tumor or cyst;
- changes against the backdrop of extreme fatigue, a condition after major surgery, postpartum, post-abortion care.
Disrupt hormonal hemostasis may be hormonal, contraceptive pills, or for termination of pregnancy. The probability of bleeding is increased in women who have a genetic predisposition.
Cesarean section
After the cesarean section bleeding should not be abundant. It should take about 7 to 9 weeks, gradually fading away. Blood loss, lasts longer than this period, is a pathology, and its causes are:
- remaining portions of the uterus endometrium;
- purulent inflammation;
- poor uterine contractions;
- divergence of seams.
symptoms
Any major bleeding accompanied by characteristic symptomatology. In humans, as a result of violations of trophic and oxygen supply of tissues is developing:
- severe weakness, fatigue;
- pale skin;
- profuse sweating;
- dizziness, fainting;
- a sharp decrease of pressure;
- acceleration of heart rate on background thready pulse.
Profuse uterine bleeding accompanied by severe pain. Sometimes there is gravity and pulling sensation in the pelvic area and lower back. Damage to the large vessel or multiple small can lead to rapid loss of blood in a short period of time and death.
Diagnostics
When bleeding is required to take a blood test for clotting and determining the level of hormones. There are also other studies:
- ultrasound;
- gynecological examination with bimanual palpation;
- biopsy in the presence of cysts or tumors;
- mucosal scrapings;
- the cervix.
To clarify some of the details may need to consult an endocrinologist, gynecologist, surgeon, oncologist.
Treatment
Profuse bleeding are treated differently, depending on the location and causes of. But there are general principles of therapy:
- patient room in a hospital (surgery or intensive care);
- blood loss compensation by the infusion of packed red blood cells and plasma;
- elimination of hypovolemia and normalizing water and electrolyte balance (formulation dropper with saline and glucose);
- intravenous styptic.
the operation is recommended when rapid blood loss. Interference is damaged organ excision site, removing formation (tumor, cyst, ulceration). Sometimes used method of banding or vascular coagulation.
After stop bleeding the patient some time is in the hospital. Under the supervision of specialists pressure is measured it is determined the level of hemoglobin. Recovery is the use of iron preparations, coagulants, hormonal replacement therapy drugs.
