Causes of tocopherol deficiency
The main reason is the lack of tocopherol unbalanced diet. When the patient eats a long time in products containing low levels of vitamin E. Food products are considered the main source of tocopherol as a vitamin is not produced by the human body.
In children, the primary disadvantage of tocopherol may also develop on the background of inadequate artificial feeding. Lack of Vitamin E shown with insufficient intake of protein molecules. Vitamin E also becomes smaller at a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the baby's diet.
vitamin E deficiency can cause pathology of the pancreas. The disease can cause pancreatitis, as well as oncopathology. Vitamin worse absorbed by the body as a result of a lack of digestive enzymes. Lack tocopherol can cause liver disease. The main ones are viral hepatitis, hepatitis due to alcohol and drug abuse, steatosis (during pregnancy in obese patients) and other pathologies. The disadvantage tocopherol may cause low concentration of bile acids.
Lack tocopherol may appear in the intestinal diseases. The patient begins to vitamin poorly absorbed through the intestinal wall. Over time, the blood begins to decrease the concentration of tocopherol.
Syndrome short bowel can cause a lack of tocopherol. Short bowel may be in patients undergoing bowel surgery because of obesity, to remove a tumor or necrotic bowel-damaged areas. Patients with those sections of the intestine can be removed, which are responsible for the absorption of tocopherol during digestion.
Disease sposobstvovuet presence of genetic damage, and lack of a protein involved in the cleavage of vitamin E. If the patient does not have the necessary enzyme that breaks tocopherol, it is not absorbed by the body, which leads eventually to a deficiency of vitamin E. E vitamin deficiencies cause thyroid and pituitary glands.
symptomatology of the disease
The consequences of a lack of Vitamin E do not appear immediately. The first symptoms may appear within 1-3 months. When the lack of symptoms tocopherol in the blood concentration of vitamin E is quite small.
Signs of a lack of Vitamin E:
- dystrophy muscular system;
- cerebrospinal ataxia;
- neuropathy different localization;
- retinal damage;
- immunodeficiency moderate or severe (depending on the severity of the disease).
The emergence of immune deficiency can be explained by the fact that the tocopherol is involved in immune reactions. With its lack of reaction are not correct. The immune system is severely weakened. The patient starts frequently and seriously ill.
Because of reduced immunity in patients often appear cold sores on the face and along the nerves. Some patients may thrush, which often recurs without treatment hypovitaminosis E.
eye retina is damaged because of the fact that the splitting and tocopherol helps the absorption of vitamin A. Vitamin A is essential for normal functioning and recovery of the visual apparatus. With a lack of tocopherol may impair retinal function. In the retina of the eyeball damaged vessel walls. The blood supply to the retina deteriorates. retina cells gradually become damaged and die. If the lack of tocopherol is not treated, it can lead to a deterioration in visual function. Patients often complain of eye fatigue.
When the disease of the thyroid gland, the patient may develop severe weakness, bad mood. Patients are very irritable. Patients complain of dryness of mucous membranes, fever, headache, somnolence.
Hypovitaminosis E may lead to malfunction of the nervous system. Often develop neuropathy. Patients develop coordination of movements, changes in gait.
Muscle ataxia with a deficiency manifests tocopherol decreasing muscle mass. The patient becomes thin. Greatly reduced muscle strength. muscle tone of the device is greatly reduced.
At low concentration of vitamin E in patients with hemolytic anemia develops. This can be explained by the participation of tocopherol in the formation of heme (hemoglobin and red blood cells). With a low amount of vitamin E forms of hemoglobin and erythrocytes less. Without treatment, it can develop very severe anemic syndrome.
Vitamin E deficiency is dryness of the skin, the appearance of dry calluses. Hair become thin, brittle, heavily fall. Nail plates fast break. Hair loss, brittle nails appear very severe hypovitaminosis. These symptoms become noticeable in the last turn.
Vitamin E is involved in the work of the liver. With its lack may develop jaundice syndrome. Jaundice appears yellowed sclera, mucous membranes and skin.
In patients with a lack of tocopherol at chest radiography appear foci of calcifications. They look at the X-ray as a distinct darkening. These structures make it difficult to work the lungs.
Symptomatology of vitamin E deficiency in children and adults is similar. The child clinical picture appears much earlier. Symptoms in children are more pronounced than in adults. The child rarely detected calcifications in the lung tissue, impaired hand movements, decreased visual function, jaundice syndrome, herpes on the background of immunodeficiency.
Symptoms of tocopherol, non-diagnostic:
- pigmentation of the skin;
- wrinkles;
- change the skin (dryness, peeling);
- hair loss;
- brittle hair ends;
- dander, fungal infections of the scalp;
- brittle nails.
External signs are more relevant to a lack of vitamin B.
In adults and adolescents lack of vitamin E leads to disruption of reproductive function. Women may experience menstrual irregularities, inability to conception. A pregnant woman may develop premature birth, increased uterine tone. In reducing the amount of milk impairs its quality breastfeeding vitamin E deficiency. If you do not treat the disease, lactation may fade away. In infants is also developing tocopherol deficiency.
Diagnostic measures hypovitaminosis E
Diagnostic lack of vitamin E activities include the collection of medical history, physical examination, further investigations techniques. The doctor asks the patient for nutrition, lifestyle related diseases. During the physical examination, the doctor examines the liver, conducts auscultation of the lungs, examining the skin and mucous membranes (Appearance).
The laboratory techniques tocopherol shortage survey include a complete blood count, liver function tests. values of hemoglobin and red blood cells are reduced in the blood test. As an additional MRI studies were performed, as well as X-rays. These methodologies are needed if previous diagnostic measures have failed.
Therapy hypovitaminosis E
By the lack of curative activities of tocopherol include diet therapy as well as medication-tocopherol acetate. Diet therapy comprises administering to the diet of foods rich in vitamin E. The patient should eat more cereal and legume crops (wheat flour, cereals (wheat, barley, oats), peas, beans).
A person should use vegetable oil, butter, lard, beef liver, fatty fish, seafood. A large amount of tocopherol found in nuts (hazelnuts, peanuts, sunflower seeds, almond). The diet should be milk, cheese, high fat cheese. The patient is the lack of vitamins need to eat berries and fruit (apricots, peaches, blueberries, currants, mountain ash).
In marked lack doctor prescribes tocopherol vitamin E in the form of preparations. Patients shown to drink vitamin complexes (children, pregnant and lactating women) or Tocopherol-atsetet capsules. Dosages Only the doctor prescribed for lack of tocopherol. dose of vitamins is necessary to observe, not to get excess tocopherol. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble, so with an overdose very poorly excreted.
conclusion
Avoid vitamin E deficiency and maintain health is possible to provide a balanced diet. The diet must contain cereals and legumes, vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, as well as cod liver oil, beef. Proper nutrition is a key element in the prevention of lack of tocopherol. can be prophylactically to drink a course of vitamin complexes, if necessary.
sources:
Vidal: https://www.vidal.ru/drugs/vitamin_e__40813
GRLS: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx? routingGuid = 0804cefc-0ed0-4520-8376-acb700b33a8f & t =
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