What is the normal intraocular pressure in humans, blood, and heart rate in women, men's 19, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, children. Table by age

The pressure exerted on the blood vessel walls, which normally varies with age. On the pressure indicators in humans is influenced by various external circumstances, such as weather conditions, taking medications, past illnesses.

How to calculate the normal values ​​by the formula

What is in the normal state of a normal pressure in humans can be calculated. Before doing the calculations, you must use a tonometer to measure the diastolic and systolic blood pressure.

Knowing both indicators, the calculation is performed in one of two ways:

• 2 × DBP SBP + 3, ie.. diastolic blood pressure is multiplied by 2, is added to the obtained figure of systolic pressure, and the entire result is divided by three;
• second formula is as follows: (SBP-DBP) 3 + DBP, in this case, the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure divided by three, and the result is added diastole.

What is the normal pressure in man and his averages, let you know both formulas.

Pressure norm, according to current research

For a long time, doctors were of the opinion in the domestic medicine that normal blood pressure in adults up to 40 years old is considered to be the pressure of 120/80. But recent studies have established modern new norm within the 110-130 / 60-80.

The optimum pressure, according to Western Cardiology

On what should be the normal pressure in humans, physicians in Western countries, as well as in the United States have their own opinion. They adhere to this view, that the pressure is 130/90 signals the beginning of hypertension. Whereas in Russia it is the norm for a strong man, a leading sports and healthy lifestyle.

Western doctors representation of pressure standards are summarized in the following table:

Diagnosis	systolic	Diostolicheskoe
ideal	120	70
normal	130	80
supernormal	130-140	80-90
Hypertension degree I	140-160	90-100
Hypertension II degree	160-180	100-110
hypertension IIIstepeni	more than 180	more than 110

In Western European countries, there is also such a definition as a "high normal" pressure is when it is between 140/80.

Because of what may be abnormal

Constant pressure deviation from the norm in the direction of increasing both performance called hypertension.

The reasons for it may be the following:

• heredity (someone in the family, usually the female line, suffered high blood pressure);
• frequent stress;
• fixed way of life;
• obesity;
• alcohol abuse;
• in the diet too much salty and spicy food.

But the pressure may not only be above normal, but below, then such a pathology called hypotonia, she also has a reason:

• heredity;
• poor nutrition;
• the constant lack of sleep;
• frequently depression;
• changes in the weather.

Hypotension as dangerous as high blood pressure, because the pressure is too low figures can be fatal.

What is the working pressure

This term is used to designate the pressure at which the person feels comfortable. It will not necessarily be in the normal range of 120/80.

Those people who have the operating pressure is kept within the limits of 140/90, called hypertensive and those who normally feels at 90/60, referred to as hypotensive. But in any case exceeding those standards operating pressure - a sign of the disease and the reason to see a doctor.

Blood pressure measurement Features

What is currently normal pressure in humans can be by measurement. For this purpose a special device - a tonometer.

There are some features associated with age and position, which must be considered when measurements:

1. Pregnant a pressure measurement point should be in the reclining position.
2. To measure the pressure in people with large shoulders, and accordingly, have large hands, you have to use cuff size 32 × 42 cm, or to measure the pressure on the wrist, with the difference taken into account indicators.
3. People with arrhythmia mechanical tonometer measuring pressure three times with short intervals. And the air is let out of the cuff very slowly.
4. Older people need to measure the pressure in the over 65 years standing position. And those who suffer from diabetes, pre-need to stand for two minutes. For all these categories of people it is best to use automated sphygmomanometers.
5. In children, the pressure is measured before lunch, while it is necessary to observe the rule: to pass an hour after eating, schools, and active games or sports.

If following these simple rules, which take into account some features of the pressure, it is possible to guarantee the accuracy of certain indicators.

Pressure norm in children

Pressure must follow from an early age, especially in those cases when there is a genetic predisposition to diseases associated with pressure.

The table below shows the normal pressure values ​​in children from infancy to 9 years:

Age	Pressure
Up to 2 weeks	60-96/40-50
Up to 2 months	80-110/40-80
1 year	90-110/50-80
2-3 years	110-120/60-80
9 years	100-120/60-80

Gradually the child approaches adolescence and figures here are starting to change, this is due to the physiological characteristics of the transition period.

pressure normal in teenagers

What should be the normal pressure of a person in adolescence is determined that occur many processes reconstructing body.

The pressure in adolescence may be constantly changing and it is determined by natural causes:

• stress;
• fatigue;
• hormonal changes;
• lack of exercise;
• psychological stresses associated with problems at school, with friends, in the family;
• depression.

All of this transient phenomenon, which temporarily affect the change in pressure, and normal in teenagers, according to age, it should be:

• 12 years - 106/70;
• 13 years - 108/75;
• 14 years - 110/75;
• 15 years - 112/75;
• 16 years - 120/73.

As can be seen from these figures, they are approaching age to adult standards. But we need to be especially careful during this period, as part of the excess of these norms may indicate problems with the endocrine system, heart, as well as vitamin deficiency and anemia.

The pressure in middle-aged people

Age from 30 to 45 years old is considered to be average in life, both for women and for men. Normal pressure is when 30-year old men, it is 130/80, and for women - 120/75. And when the threshold is exceeded in 40 years, the pressure in men remains at 130/80, and in women approaching 130/80.

Pressure after 50, 60 years old

What is the average normal pressure in humans, since 50 years, when the processes of decay and aging begins, defined and general condition, and the presence of chronic diseases, lifestyle and susceptibility to hypertension.

This age limit is the norm pressure of 140/85 - for both men and women.

Pressure by age in men and women at 19, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 years - table

All pressure readings can be summarized in a single table, which illustrate well how the pressure must be between ages:

Age	Indicators
19 years	120/70
30 years	130/80
35 years	133/82
40 years	135/85
50 years	142/82
60 years	145/85

This table shows a gradual increase in pressure with age. However, much depends on the state of the human body, the presence of chronic diseases and external factors, which are often very significant impact on the change of parameters.

It always increases the pressure with age

Modern research proves the fact that the increase in blood pressure is not necessarily related to age.

It is proved that pressure affects, above all, not age, and the following factors:

• abuse of alcohol and tobacco;
• the rejection of a healthy lifestyle;
• too much salt in the products;
• lack of sleep;
• overweight.

If we exclude these factors, even in the 50 and 60 years of pressure will match the rate of 30-year-old man.

Pulse: rules based on age

heart rate - it is a very important indicator, which allows you to understand how the heart works and time to determine heart disease, if there is any deviation from the norm.

heart rate varies depending on age:

Age	Minimum pulse parameters (beats / min)	Maximum heart rate indicators (beats / min)
Newborn	110	170
Year	102	162
Two years	94	155
Six years	86	126
Eight years	68	108
12 years	60	100
15 years	55	95
Up to 50 years	60	80
50-60 years	65	85

All these figures are true for a healthy person at rest.

What is intraocular pressure

Moisture and vitreous put pressure on the capsule's eyes, and so the intraocular pressure occurs. It is because of his eye has a spherical shape. IOP depends on the rate as it enters, and decreases the moisture in the rear chamber of the eye.

It is important that the pressure level is constant and depends on it:

• proper functioning of all systems of the eye;
• stable flow and trophic all physiological processes.

Dangerous both low and elevated IOP, since it may lead to loss of vision and eventually to serious disease.

Why are there differences in IOP

Pressure drops are most often found in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases, endocrine system, as well as the visually impaired.

The causes of lowered IOP:

• inflammation and eye injuries;
• transferred hepatitis;
• low blood pressure;
• diabetes;
• retinal detachment.

After forty years increases the probability of elevated IOP. This can cause glaucoma, and if the disease has normal pressure can not be.

Causes of elevated intraocular pressure:

• cardiovascular diseases;
• myopia;
• kidney disease;
• pereutomlyaemost regular eye;
• burns;
• stress, depression;
• hypertension;
• thyroid disease.

It is important to know what a normal eye pressure in humans to prevent eye disease and vision loss.

Methods for measuring intraocular pressure

An experienced ophthalmologist can determine at what IOP simply using finger pressure on the eyeball. But this method is used in exceptional cases.

In normal practice, use special tools:

• elektrotonograf;
• pnevmotonograf;
• Maklakov tonometer.

Elektrotonograf measures the speed of outflow of aqueous humor and so calculate pressure. Pnevmotonograf acts on the cornea of ​​the air jet and its resistance determines the pressure inside the eye. This is the most modern of measuring IOP.

But still not considered to be less accurate tonometer of Maklakov, invented more than a hundred years ago. This is a fairly simple device consisting of a hollow metal cylinder with a cargo inside.

Before the measurement, the lower part of the cylinder is lubricated with a special paint, the cylinder is placed on the cornea of ​​the eye. cylinder is then placed on a paper and the resulting print was measured with a ruler. After that calculated by the formula in which administered taken indicators, pressure in the eye.

Norms of intraocular pressure for all ages

What is the normal intraocular pressure in humans as adults, so it had remained until his death. But only in cases where there is no triggering diseases and eye diseases.

If a person is healthy, the age difference is not as significant indicators:

• 40 years 10 - 23 mm. Hg. Article;
• 50 - 60 years 23 - 25 mm. Hg. Article;
• 70 years and over 23 - 26 mm. Hg. Art.

Indicators after 50 years is already critical, though still normal. But it is necessary to control them, to be screened every six months in order to timely detect the occurrence of diseases of the eye, especially glaucoma.

Norma IOP in glaucoma

Glaucoma - a disease that is the result of a consistently high IOP. If the disease is left untreated, blindness occurs gradually. Ocular pressure in glaucoma is changing dramatically.

There are four stages:

• at initial IOP index does not exceed 27 mm. Hg. Article;
• expressed glaucoma eye raises the pressure to 32 mm. Hg.
• the running step, the pressure indicator reaches 33 mm. Hg. Article;
• final stage more than 33 mm. Hg. Art, when it is the blindness and the treatment can not bring the desired effect.

To prevent the occurrence of glaucoma, it is necessary to control the eye pressure.

If it is high, it can be defined by the following features:

• headaches, repetitive;
• sudden decrease in vision in the twilight;
• pain in the temples;
• pain in the superciliary arches;
• fatigue;
• reddened eyes proteins;
• lack of peripheral vision.

These symptoms indicate that elevated IOP and need to take steps to bring it back to normal. Since the delay can cause glaucoma.

ocular pressure norm for Maklakov

Measurement of intraocular pressure Maklakov relates to contact methods. It is not as comfortable as a non-contact, but gives a fairly accurate results.

Normal pressure on Maklakova method for women 10 - 23 mm. Hg. v., it may fluctuate during the day within 3 mm. Hg. Art. morning usually increases in the evening - is reduced. It should be concerned if after 40 years of his eyes very tired after working at the computer, after watching TV and reading.

IOP norm for Maklakova men and is 10 - 23 mm. Hg. Art. After 50 years, these figures remain the same as in the old days, ie, up to 40 years and beyond. In 60 years, the rate of IOP Maklakov is 26 mm. Hg. Art., no more. In that case, if it is higher, it can lead to glaucoma.

ocular hypotension

Reduced by 7-8 mm. Hg. Art. IOP is called hypotension. The reason for its occurrence is associated with eye disease, as well as lowering blood pressure, diabetes, liver and kidney disease, eye injuries, complications after eye operations.

Symptoms that indicate reduced IOP, the following:

• dry cornea;
• red eyes;
• rapid eye fatigue when usual load to them;
• slow reaction to light;
• fuzzy focus, the image is blurred at the edges.

Reducing the pressure in the eyes often temporary. It may be due to external factors of life. In this case it is necessary to establish the rhythm of life: get enough sleep, do eye exercises, to reduce eye strain.

If IOP reduction was permanent phenomenon and, despite the efforts to establish measures measured way of life, the situation does not change, the above symptoms persist, it is an occasion to address to the doctor. Launched hypotension leading to a sharp decline in vision and can result in blindness.

ophthalmohypertension

In this disease, intraocular pressure above 27 mm. Hg. Art. Most often suffer from ocular hypertension are middle-aged and elderly. Unlike glaucoma occur fundus changes in this disease, however, if the ocular has a long flow, it can result in secondary glaucoma.

Two forms of ocular:

• Essential, is more common in older people, in this form of the disease is reduced allocation and the outflow of aqueous humor, the reason for this state of age-related changes, and this leads to an increase in IOP;
• symptomatic.

The latter form develops as an accompaniment to other pathologies, which include:

• encephalitis;
• hyperthyroidism;
• Cushing's syndrome;
• hypothyroidism;
• eye inflammation (eg, iridocyclitis).

The occurrence of the disease may also trigger long-term use of corticosteroids. The main difficulty with this disease is that it is almost no symptoms.

the human eye is quite a long time can be affected by ocular, but he does not know about it and the problems begin only when the disease becomes glaucoma.

Yet on some circumstantial evidence can be suspected of the disease:

1. Headaches on the right side.
2. Disturbances in color perception (people not always can immediately determine the exact color, and sometimes can not quite).
3. Rapid eye fatigue.
4. Frequent and excessive tearing.

All these symptoms should alert and make contact an ophthalmologist in order to measure the intraocular pressure in time to prevent the occurrence of glaucoma.

These symptoms are indirect, so in case of suspicion of ocular hypertension, the doctor prescribes the following diagnostics:

• visometry (determined by visual acuity);
• IOP monitoring during the day;
• examination of the fundus;
• Gonioscopy (anterior chamber examination);
• stress tests (carried out in order to provoke a change in IOP);
• tonography (check the hydrodynamic parameters of the eyeball);
• Retinal imaging.

The complex of these diagnostic tools will identify the disease in time. For treating ocular use eyedrops Oftan, Optimol, timolol, and orally used Diakarb and Panangin. For prevention you must be inspected by an ophthalmologist every three years, while those over 40 years - every year.

If in time to see a doctor, the ocular can be successfully cured. But it is necessary to start the disease, and the case could end up with glaucoma, which is very difficult to treat.

In human life crucial play-pressure indicators such as blood and intraocular. Abnormalities seriously affect health and can even lead to death or blindness. Many pressure standards slightly adjusted with age.

Video of the pressure norms for men, women, children

Blood pressure, the lower the value of numbers:

Eye pressure, why it is important to measure: