Autoimmune disease of the skin. What is it a person, a photo of the face, head, causes, symptoms, treatment

An autoimmune disease that develops on the skin, is the result of aggressive action of immune system cells into cells without impaired morphology. Pathology fraught with complications and are not always amenable to therapy.

What is an autoimmune skin disease

Autoimmune diseases of the skin are at high risk of complications: negative impact exposed the cells and organs, and systems.

Often in the pathological process involved:

• liver;
• kidney;
• lungs;
• joints;
• vessels;
• heart;
• endocrine system.

Forms of autoimmune diseases of the skin

The most common disease is accepted to:

• psoriasis;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• idiopathic urticaria;
• alopecia areata;
• vitiligo.

Autoimmune disease of the skin of any origin, which affects the skin, lends itself to treatment difficult. Most of them have a genetic basis and manifest themselves in case of failures of the immune system, nervous stress and other pathologies.

Stage and grade of autoimmune diseases of the skin

Psoriasis is usually divided into 4 stages:

1. The early phase It implies the emergence of multiple papules with defined boundaries. They can merge.
2. progressive phase. Papules begin to redden and covered with white scales. They peeled off, and beneath them emerges a smooth layer of red color.
3. stationary phase. Papules cease to appear. Enhanced peeling.
4. regressive phase. Inflammation goes, plaques begin to dissolve. Papules become pale pink. Sometimes the growths are in the elbows and hands. Scarring and atrophy remains. At the site of tumors may develop hyperpigmentation temporary nature.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is inherent in the acute onset. In the first stage of a person concerned about the deterioration of the general state of health. Facial redness develops in the form of a butterfly. In the later stages, which occur 10-15 years, a person observed organs and systems failure.

Urticaria is subdivided into three steps:

1. Immunological phase involves contacting an organism with an allergen. accumulation of antibodies in the blood begins.
2. Pathochemical. It induces the production of mediators of allergy.
3. Pathophysiological. Organs and tissues react to neurotransmitters. Show clinical signs of disease.

Alopecia areata is characterized by three stages:

1. In the first step receding hairline formed small round shape. balding zones begin to grow and merge.
   
2. In the second phase, there is partial or complete baldness.
3. In the third phase there is total hair loss. The third stage is called the universal She, like the other, is extremely rare.

Vitiligo involves the following steps:

1. primary. It develops on the skin depigmented single small spot size.
2. stationary. The resulting stain is stable. It does not grow. New spots are formed.
3. phase depigmentation. Most often, this stage manifests itself in the spontaneous development of stains and subsequent treatment. Independent and complete depigmentation in this pathology is rare.
4. progressive. This phase is characterized by continuous growth spots. On the skin, the new elements are formed, which fuse. Typically, new formations develop slowly. But in medicine, there are cases when the disease has proceeded rapidly.

The symptoms of autoimmune diseases of the skin

Initially, the development of psoriasis a person complains of a feeling of itching and skin tightening.

Appear the following symptoms:

• asthenia;
  
• depression;
• anxiety;
• depression.

Papules can be localized in the area:

• palms;
• Stop;
• groin;
• armpits;
• cubits;
• tribes;
• scalp;
• inner thighs;
• genitals.

Symptomatology of lupus is varied, since in the pathology of different organs are involved.

Autoimmune skin disease is accompanied by:

• raising the temperature;
• rashes on the skin of red color;
• asthenia;
• arthritis;
• bluish skin in the fingers and toes;
• swelling of the eyes;
• pain in the lymph nodes;
• migraine;
• reduced emotional background;
• convulsions;
• sensitivity to ultraviolet rays.

The patient, who was diagnosed with this pathology, said at least four of these symptoms.

The signs of hives include:

• Numerous skin rash;
• intense itching;
• burning sensation;
• migraine;
  
• asthenia;
• nausea;
• drowsiness;
• temperature rise.

For the main symptoms of alopecia include:

• excessive hair loss;
• formation of bald patches;
• thinning of the hair structure;
• changes in the morphology of nails (darkening of the appearance of waves).

Autoimmune disease of the skin does not violate the general condition of the person. In some cases, in the area of ​​depigmented spots felt a slight itching. As the disease progresses there are sites on the skin color much lighter skin. Morphology of depigmented skin areas is not modified.

They are characterized by:

• elasticity;
• elasticity
• smoothness;
• preserving skin pattern.

The zones of localization include:

• armpits;
• Hands;
• knees;
• elbows;
  
• around the eyes and mouth.

The causes of autoimmune diseases of the skin

According to many researchers, the deterioration of the immune system is the leading provocateur psoriasis. Skin cells perceived as foreign by the immune system that provokes rejection. Often this process is triggered by burns, bruises and other injuries.

Studies have shown that tumors flakes include antigenic particles that healthy skin is not contained.

In systemic lupus erythematosus, antibodies begin to destroy the body's own cells. Changing the structure of the connective tissue. Patients are observed fibroid changes. The cells of the skin is affected kernel.

In the vessel wall accumulation begins:

• plasma particles;
• lymph;
• histiocytes;
• neutrophils.

It begins settling immune cells around the damaged nucleus. Triggered by inflammation and damage the area of ​​the connective tissue. On the basis of destructive products appear antibody. Autoimmune disease involves a chronic inflammation, which provokes the skin sclerosis.

Destruction of cells structure in idiopathic urticaria occurs when an organism attack viruses and bacteria. The process is hidden, so prompt treatment is not carried out. Provocateurs idiopathic urticaria are the pathology of autoimmune nature.

These include:

• diabetes;
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• serum sickness;
• malignant neoplasms;
• Shintslera syndrome;
  
• stress;
• hormonal imbalance.

In the spontaneous occurrence of alopecia provocateur acts failure in the human immune system. Hair bulb perceived by the body as foreign. With the antibodies begin to fight the T-lymphocytes.

When the normal functionality of the body they are opposed:

• viruses;
• bacteria;
• cells to malignant neoplasms.

After immune attack occurs suspending the growth of hair and their subsequent loss. Restoring bulbs structure possible after stopping the exposure of T lymphocytes. According to scientists, vitiligo triggered by a failure in the immune system.

People with such a process is often observed following pathologies:

• arthritis;
• Basedow's disease;
• hypothyroidism;
• systemic lupus erythematosus.

Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases of the skin

Immune factors that caused the violation of the morphology of the skin, should be set with high precision. By identifying the root cause will depend on the therapy scheme.

The complex binding procedures include:

• screening for antinuclear body;
• analysis of blood biochemistry;
• Anti-CCP test;
• skin biopsy.

The latter method has a high degree of efficiency. He suggests cutting off a small piece of skin for further examination under a microscope. The important role played by history taking.

In the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus is required:

• blood analysis;
• urine analysis;
• Analysis of joint fluid.

If there is a suspicion on the development of malignancy or viral infection, additional research methods are assigned.

Of these, it should be noted:

• ultrasound;
• X-rays;
  
• specific tests for viruses.

A comprehensive study in Moscow will be 3790 rubles. In Samara, diagnostic procedures will cost 2070 rubles.

When to see a doctor

The man who discovered the skin rash, you should consult a dermatologist. The doctor will send to the survey to confirm the diagnosis.

The patient may be forwarded to the skilled narrow profile:

• endocrinologist;
• nephrologist;
• immunologist;
• a neurologist;
• cardiologist.

Systemic lupus is often associated with the chronic nature of the infection. Therefore it recommended to visit an infectious disease. If you suspect a loss of scalp alopecia should refer to trichologist. This specialist narrow profile, which will hold the complex nature of diagnostic measures and prescribe therapeutic scheme.

Prophylaxis of autoimmune diseases of the skin

Major preventive measures to prevent the development of psoriasis are:

1. for skin care cover. It planned to carry out tempering procedures.
2. Using baths with herbs and salt.
3. Using a soft sponge while bathing.
4. Except for the use of solid soaps.
5. Using special medical cosmetics with a mild effect on the skin.

Prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus involves:

• establish the correct mode of the day;
• correction of the diet;
  
• elimination of focal infection and related pathologies;
• elimination of stress mental and physical character;
• application of creams photoprotective effect.

It is recommended to prevent the development of idiopathic urticaria:

• adjust the diet;
• exclude products with allergens;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• provide skin protection from adverse external factors special creams;
• Avoid sunbathing;
• wear clothes made of natural fabrics;
• use gloves when using household chemicals;
• avoid fatigue and stress;
• eliminate existing pathology in the body;
• strengthen the immune system;
• do sport.

With a view to the prevention of alopecia is recommended:

• taking B vitamins;
• conduct regular massage of the head;
• use strengthening shampoo;
• adjust the diet;
• optimize blood flow in the vessels of the head.

Specific recommendations for the prevention of vitiligo is not.

Reduce the risk of the disease, you can:

• moderate exposure to the sun;
• hardening of the body;
• vitamin;
• restorative procedures.

Methods of treating autoimmune diseases of the skin

In the treatment of autoimmune skin lesions used corticosteroids. In some cases, therapeutic schemes include immunosuppressants and physiotherapy. In folk remedies used as an additional method.

Medications

immunosuppressants	Prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate.
corticosteroid ointment	Flutsinar, hydrocortisone, Lorinden C sinaflana, Akriderm Celestoderm B, Hydrocortisone, Advantan, Elokim-C Lokoid, Vitasan.
vitamins	Milgamma, Benevron BF, B complex, vitamin E.

Immunosuppressants are used to suppress the aggressive lymphocytes.

Methotrexate is used in the form of tablets inside. The duration of treatment and the dosage is set individually.

Usually it is 10-25 mg per week. The dose is increased in stages when the maximum therapeutic effect.

The average value of 2.5 mg tablets is 203-222 rubles. In the packing of 50 pieces.

Azathioprine is assigned 1.5 -2 mg / kg / day. Generally, the dose divided into 4 doses. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. The cost of the drug of 50 mg is 273 rubles. In multiples of 50 tablets.

Cream Advantan applied 1 time / day. Typically, the duration of treatment is 12 weeks. Price tube 15 is 511 mg rub. Flutsinar used ointment 3 times / day. During the day, allowed the use of 2 g of funds. Within 7 days of treatment using a tube volume of '15 The duration of treatment is 7-14 days. The price of the drug ranges from 225 to 243 rubles.

Vitamin E is assigned 100 mg per day for 20-40 days. The drug is washed down with copious amounts of water. The cost of preparation 100 mg of 84 rubles. The packing 20 capsules.

Milgamma appointed on 1 tablet 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 1 month. Therapy is continued if necessary. The cost of the drug is 100 mg 702-1386 rub. The pack of 30 tablets.

Traditional methods

Autoimmune disease of the skin can be eliminated recipes of traditional medicine. They act as a supplement to the basic treatment.

The following recipes are available for the treatment of psoriasis:

1. Take 1 tbsp. l. vaseline and mixed in equal proportions with birch tar. In the mixture, add 1 tbsp. l. Celandine juice. The ointment is applied to the diseased areas 2-3 times a day.
2. Dilute 10 drops of iodine in a beaker of boiling water. Means to drink 2 times / day. for 12 days. The treatment is repeated after the break.

The following recipes are available to eliminate the manifestations of lupus erythematosus:

1. Take 4 tbsp. l. herbal mixture that includes dry roots burnet, peony root, burdock root, calendula flowers, thistle, celandine. Pour the mixture liter of boiling water, boiled for 30 min. on low heat and drain. Drink a decoction 3 times a day before meals.
2. Mark 50 g dry erythematosus and pour 500 ml of vodka. The mixture infuse for 2 weeks in a dark place. On the first day of therapy, add 1 drop of tincture in a glass of water and drink on an empty stomach. Then, 2 drops, and so on until the fortieth day. Thereafter, the tincture taken for diminishing. After the use of funds in the morning I do not eat for an hour.

The following recipes are available to eliminate the hives:

1. Take 1 tbsp. l. flowers and nettle brew 200 ml of boiling water. The mixture wrap and infuse 30 minutes. Take 100 mL in the form of heat to 5 times / day. or 200 ml 3 times / day.
2. Take 2 tbsp. l. celery and pour 200 ml of boiled water. Infuse 2 hour. Drink 1/3 cup in the morning, afternoon and evening.

The following recipes are offered to eliminate alopecia:

1. Take 1 pc. red pepper and pour 100 ml of vodka. To insist during the day. Means to rub in the hair roots.
2. Take 2 tbsp. l. castor oil and mix with 1 tbsp. l. mustard. Infuse mixture was 25 minutes. Rub into the roots of the hair and do not rinse until an intense burning sensation. The mask should be applied 2 times a week, before washing the head. After application head should be washed with shampoo twice.

Treatment of vitiligo involves the application of the following prescriptions:

1. Mark 1 h. l. duckweed and 50 g of vodka. Duckweed put into a jar of dark glass and pour the vodka. Insist 7 days in a dark place, then strain. Infusion store in a cool dark place. Take 20 drops diluted in 1/4 cup of water, 3 times / day.
2. Mark pepper and baking soda in a ratio of 1: 1. Mix the ingredients. The mixture was rubbed into the area to align depigmentation of the skin color.

Other methods

used and physical therapy to eliminate autoimmune diseases of the skin.

The most effective include:

1. cryotherapy. It involves cold treatment. To carry it out using a carbonic acid snow, liquid nitrogen or chloroethyl. The apparatus provides a uniform cooling of the skin. Duration of exposure to problem areas is about 2-3 minutes. exposure temperature may be from -50 to -210 ° C depending on the state of the patient's skin. The course consists of 5-15 procedures. Procedures are carried out 1-2 times a week.
2. arsonvalization. The method involves applying current pulses of variable frequency. Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects. Length is about 15-20 minutes. The course comprises 10-15 sessions.
   
3. electrophoresis. The method is based on the reflex action on receptors in the skin. By means of electrophoresis carried administering various drugs to skin. Used 0.5% novocaine, vitamins B1, Ichthyol 1% copper sulfate 1%. Usually held 15-20 sessions at intervals of 1 month. the course is repeated, if necessary.
4. laser therapy. It uses a special device with a laser nozzle, which is found on the skin and carries out its planned irradiation. The apparatus operates on the low frequency radiations. The range and the wavelength is given by a specialist, depending on the clinical picture. Laser flow promotes regeneration of the skin. It penetrates the skin to a depth of 2-7 cm, and stimulates the metabolism. Duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes. The course consists of 5-7 procedures.

possible complications

Complications in the development of psoriasis are:

• erythroderma;
• pustular psoriasis;
• arthritis.

All states are a danger to life and can lead to disability. Target of lupus are the heart and blood vessels.

The disease can trigger the development of:

• myocarditis;
• pericarditis;
• atherosclerosis.

For the most dangerous complications include nephritis. Changing the appearance of a detrimental effect on the psychological status of the patient. Hives can cause infection joining a bacterial or fungal nature. It is also possible the development of hyperpigmentation of the skin. Complications of alopecia are as baldness is not only the head.

Hair loss can occur in the area:

• eyebrows;
• above the upper lip;
• eyelashes;
• beards.

Pockets of baldness begin to coalesce, forming large pockets. Alopecia usually forms in human psychological problems. hair loss causes dissatisfaction appearance, which entails the development of depression and social isolation.

Autoimmune disease Vitiligo does not cause any complications of a physical nature. The appearance of depigmented patches on the skin have a negative impact on the emotional state of the patient.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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