Pulse: by age norm for women, men and children. Table of norms of human pressure at rest, during exercise, pregnancy

Pulse and blood pressure - the most important indicators of the cardiovascular system of the body. According to their determined values ​​tissue oxygen saturation, the blood coming from the liquid. Determination of pulse rate for men, women and children by age to evaluate the work of the blood circulation, to prevent the risk of stroke, heart attack, hypertensive crisis.

What is the pulse and blood pressure

Blood pressure - the pressure with which blood circulates liquid on large arteries of the human body.

The constituent parts of the value are:

• systematic (top) - indicates the pressure in the period of maximum compression of the heart;
• diastolic (lower) - indicates the pressure at the complete relaxation of the heart muscle.

It is measured in millimeters of mercury. The ideal indicator for an adult is considered to be 120/80. Deviations from the norm in a big way simptomatiziruyut risk of hypertensive crisis, heart attack and stroke. Require medication adjustments.

Lower values ​​indicate the possibility of hypotension, can contribute fainting, stops breathing and circulation.

Pulse - jerky, periodic reductions of cardiac muscle, at the time of filling the venous blood vessels and liquid.

Share capillary, arterial and venous pulsation:

• arterial - shows contrition of the arteries at the time of blood filling;
• venous - pulsing jugular veins, which are located close to the heart muscle;
• capillary - sets the coincidence of cardiac pulsation with a change of color of the nail bed, pressed against the lower lip, forehead skin tissue. Not inherent in a healthy body, as occurs only at the time of dysfunction precapillary sphincters, resulting in a large difference between the blood pressure is. Normally, capillary blood flow constant.

Pulse healthy person at rest -. 61-92 beats / min. Significant deviation in any direction indicates dysfunction in the cardiovascular system and requires thorough research and medical adjustments.

Blood pressure and heart rate: is there a connection

Blood pressure and heart rate are measured in the quiescent state on the grounds that the physical work contributes to increasing performance. The relationship between the numbers observed when elevated blood pressure. In this case, a rise of intracranial pressure, the recovery of the vagus nerve appears bradycardia.

The reasons for frequent and infrequent pulse

Pulse (rate by age for women and men depends on the physical, environmental, emotional factors) has the following effect:

1. Age. For young children, characterized by the highest rates. When growing up the heart expands, slows down blood flow, heart rate decreases.
2. Gender. Heart rate in women in the 8-11 attacks more than the representatives of a strong half of humanity due to the physiological characteristics of the structure of the body.
3. Physical training. Permanent athletic training contributes to the improvement of health, the expansion of the heart volume, heart rate reduction.

   

4. The waiting period toddler accompanied by an increase in cardiac pulsation due to hormonal imbalance, embryo growth, increase the number of blood fluid.
5. Body temperature. The heat provokes increased heart rate. The body tends to expel excess heat, strengthens the heart.
6. Air temperature. It considered normal for human ⁰S temperature from +18 to + 23 degrees ⁰S. When warming up to + 29 ⁰S increase in heart rate occurs during the cold heart pulsation is also enhanced, trying to warm the internal organs.
7. Intellectual and physiological stress. When resting heart rate low. At the time of transition in the wake mode is an increase in heart rate. Further values ​​fluctuate in relation to the daily physical and emotional effort. Heart rate exceeds evening morning 14-16 u. / Min.
8. Disease. Amplification cardiac pulsation accompanied by anemia, brain injury, cardiovascular disease, intoxications, viral infection.
9. Eating fatty foods, smoking, alcohol and caffeine make your heart beat faster.

Causes of palpitations

The reasons for the increased heart rate are divided into physiological (normal) and pathological. Physiological causes are caused by natural factors. When they appear pulse increases to 130 beats, getting back to normal within 15 minutes after the removal of the reasons for strengthening provoked.

These include:

• exercise stress;
• strong pain;
• high body temperature and the environment;
• stress, joy, anger;
• sexual excitement;
• overeating;
• alcohol, caffeine-containing products;
• a sharp rise from the bed.

Pathological factors associated with diseases. Distinguish intracardiac (accompanying cardiovascular disorders) and extracardiac (appearing as a result of dysfunction of other organs and systems).

For intracardiac include:

• angina;
• myocardial infarction;
• heart disease;
• cardio;
• myocarditis - heart complications after sore throats and flu;
• endocarditis - inflammation of the inner membrane of the heart muscle caused by infection;
• cardiomyopathy - reducing vascular lumen;
• pericarditis - inflammation in the outer region of the heart;
• surgery;
• mitral valve prolapse;
• postinfarction aneurysm.

Extracardiac occur when:

• Diseases caused by intoxication;
• thyrotoxicosis - thyroid disease provoked by a large production of hormones;
• anemia;
• addisonicheskom Stroke - acute adrenal cessation of work;
• sugar diabetes type 1;
• hypoglycemia when excess dose of insulin consumed.
• lack of oxygen in blood fluid;
• pneumothorax;
• panic attacks;
• tick bite;
• pheochromocytoma;
• withdrawal syndrome accompanying the treatment of alcohol or drug addiction;
• receiving drugs.

The reasons for the low pulse

Low heart rate may indicate a variety of cardiac conditions or appears as a consequence of natural causes.

Normally, bradycardia, requiring no treatment, there is:

• after waking in the restructuring organism awake mode;
• athletes at the termination of physical activities;
• as an innate feature of an organism.

Reduced ripple, indicating the disease, occurs when:

• atherosclerosis - due to the slow circulation of vessel occlusion;
  
• endocarditis - inflammation of the inner lining of the heart;
• hypotension - lowering blood pressure;
• myocardium - disease of the heart muscle;
• myocardial infarction - when the death of tissue and veins due to the cessation of coronary blood flow.

Provoke bradycardia able to:

• long treatment medicines to normalize pressure and heart rate;
• nicotine poisoning and lead;
• low-carbohydrate diet;
• infectious diseases in lowering body temperature;
• changing weather conditions, sudden cooling;
• emotional stress;
• hypothermia;
• late pregnancy at a pressure on the child sexual vein.

High pulse and pressure fluctuations

High pulse and pressure fluctuations arise in the different pathologies, under the influence of external factors, trauma. High pulse appears at an elevated pressure due to the need for fast operation of the heart tissue to provide nutrients. It is very dangerous because it is able to provoke a lack of oxygen, problems with the digestive tract, stroke.

It occurs when:

• oncological diseases;
• irregularities in the respiratory system;
• arrhythmia;
• iron deficiency in blood fluid;
• problems associated with thyroid dysfunction.

Possible manifestation of:

• Chronic lack of sleep;
• large physiological and mental stress;
• stressful situations;
• frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, drugs, high-calorie foods.

The amplified pulse at the operating pressure is called tachycardia. About developing pathology indicates blackout, tinnitus, weakness appeared sharply.

distinguish:

1. physiological - pathology arising from the strong stresses and loads. state duration no more than half an hour, a jump pulse to 160 beats per minute.
2. pathological - it is a symptom of cardiovascular disease, poisoning, pustular infections.

Reasons for tachycardia:

• diseases of internal organs and systems;
• high body temperature;
• reception of drugs;
• increased content of hormones in blood fluid;
• eating fatty foods;
• alcohol and drug addiction;
• high mental load.

Tachycardia at normal pressure is a very dangerous phenomenon requiring timely treatment. When medical care is possible without heart failure, clinical death.

High pulse during hypotension manifested in:

• women are pregnant, as the reaction of the body to reduce the level of red blood cells in the blood fluid.
• adolescents in the period of active growth. Diagnosed as a syndrome of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

External factors provoking tachycardia under reduced pressure, are:

• stress;
• dehydration, a strict diet;
• heavy menstruation;
• injury, accompanied by heavy bleeding;
• perforated ulcer;
• uterine bleeding;
• Cancer tumor nature;
• a sharp change in climatic conditions.

Medical condition that requires correction due to the danger of a large loss of blood and oxygen starvation of the brain cells.

How to measure the pulse

Pulse (rate by age for women, men and children set by experts) is determined by an independent measurement or heart rate.

For palpatsionnoy diagnostic approach:

• wrists;
• elbow bend;
• neck;
• axilla;
• the left side of the chest;
• popliteal depression;
• the rear side of the foot.

Measurements ideally required to carry out in one and the same time, after waking up in the supine position.

The sequence of pulse measurement on the wrist:

1. Prepare a clock with a second hand. Get comfortable sitting on a chair, leaning on the back or lying on the bed. Remove watches, bracelets, unbutton the sleeves.
2. His left hand to lift upwards. Three fingers to feel tremors in the arteries.
   
3. Counting the number of strokes for 60 seconds. Record readings.
4. Repeat manipulation on his right hand.
5. The figures should be slightly different due to the proximity to the heart of the left wrist.

Establishment of HR values ​​in the neck:

1. Prepare the stopwatch. Take a sitting position, leaning back in his chair. Unbutton the collar.
2. Two fingers to feel the carotid artery. To do this, find the Adam's apple, and delve into the side of the chin.
3. Count the number of beats per second, first on the right, then on the left side of the artery.
4. Record readings.

When measuring heart rate can not press hard on the neck because of the danger to stop the bleeding and cause a loss of consciousness.

The norm for age in women and men

Pulse (rate by age in men and women differs considerably) is reflected in the table below:

Age (s)	Women readings per minute	Men, the number of beats per minute
20-30	60-70	50-90
30-40	70-75	60-90
40-50	75-80	60-80
50-60	80-83	65-85
60-70 and older	80-85	70-90

With age, the number of strokes is reduced due to aging of the organism, developing heart disease and blood vessels.

Pulse rate for age in children

pulse rate in children in relation to the age specified in the table below:

Age	minimum performance	maximum performance
Up to 1 month	110	170
1-12 months	102	162
1-2 years	94	154
3-4 years	90	130
5-6 years	86	126
7-8 years	78	118
9-10	68	108
11-12	65	100
13-15	63	95
16-18	60	90

When growing up the child grows heart muscle, blood circulation slows down, helping to reduce the number of pulsating beats.

The effect of various factors on HR

On heart rate is influenced by various factors:

1. Age. In newly born babies very strong pulse to 135 beats. / Min. This is due to the high demand for oxygen, to cope with a little heart only by maximizing the frequency of contractions. As they mature heart muscle grows, the heart rate decreases. After 13-14 years, the figure is 60-80 u. / Min., As in adults. For older decrease indicators associated with pathological changes in the body, frequent occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
   
2. Sex differences. Heart rate in women at 7-11 oscillation greater than that of men due to the structural features of the cardiac system, a faster metabolism.

3. Physical exercise:

• At constant physical stress occurs recovery of the organism, the growth of cardiac volume, a decrease in heart rate. This is especially common for people involved in sports requiring special endurance: running, triathlon, football, sports dancing, swimming.
• When running the pulse increases dramatically. Decrease occurs in 5-10 min. after the end of the workout.
• Walking is characterized by gradual increasing heart rate to 125 beats per normal. Recommended health hiking to normalize cardiac activity.

4. Changes in body position. In the supine position there is very low ripple. When switching to a vertical position number of heart rate increases due to the stagnation of blood in the lower extremities. Attempts to lie accompanies the opposite effect.

5. Mental stress. Upon awakening viewed low heart rate, further, it increases or decreases depending on the daily load. Before going to bed ripple performance over the morning. The difference between them is 7 strokes suggests low mental stress, 15 - indicates a normal, well-tolerated class, over 16 - an indicator of hard work.

6. Emotions. Stress, anxiety, nervous tension provoked increase pulsation.

7. Body temperature. Increase in body temperature of 1 degree leads to an increase in heart rate of 10 beats due to abrupt body needs to allocate excess heat. Lowering the temperature slows down and normalizes pulse.

8. Air temperature:

• from +18 to +22 ⁰S ⁰S - the norm;
• More than 23 ⁰S - increased heart rate;
• Lower temperatures lead to a heart rate increase. Cardiac muscle tries to provide the body heat through blood flow.

Calculation of pulse rate during exercise

Pulse rate can be calculated by age in men and women during exercise by the formula: (220 - age) * intensity of sports training.

load levels are determined in%:

• 50-60 - warm-up;
• 60-70 - exercises aimed at burning excess fat, the formation of a slim figure;
• 70-80 - the average intensity;
• 80-90 - Reinforced directed to muscle growth;
• 90-100 - exercises to the limit.

Calculation of HR standards for women 34 years old in training for the elimination of body fat:

1. (220 – 34)=186*0,6 =111,6
2. 186*0,7 =130,2

A normal heart rate ranges from 111.6 to 130.2 beats per minute.

Allowable heart rate figures during pregnancy

Pulse (rate by age for women may differ) for those who are expecting a child, is much higher. This occurs due to the sharp hormone surge, the increased blood volume, load on the organism.

If during the first 9 months of the expectant mother feels good, there are no abnormalities, swelling, severe toxicity and headaches, the excess heart rate to 101-122 beats is not a reason to panic. The first weeks of the pulsation increases sharply due to toxicity, hormonal changes in the body, the formation of the embryo. Normal for this period considered pulsation to 112 u. / Min.

At the beginning of the second trimester heartbeats are normalized to 86/94 shocks, and 25 weeks increases sharply, reaching a limit of 120 bpm. / Min. It is associated with a jump increase in the number of blood circulated by 1.5-2 liters.

Third Trimester characterized palpitations, increasing ripple to 150 u. / Min. The reason for the high value is a strong growth of the child, accelerated blood flow, the blood supply of the liquid to the upcoming birth.

In addition to these causes cardiac pulsation gain occurs:

• in supine position at which the uterus presses on abdominal aorta;
• during exercise or any physical activity, especially in the last 3 months;
• due to the increased weight of the young mother;
  
• as a result of stress and emotional stress;
• from malnutrition, consumption of foods with caffeine;
• due to the deficiency of magnesium, potassium, iron;
• when a pathology of pregnancy;
• from the effects of drugs

Possible lowering of cardiac pulsations in the period of 9 months, which occurs due to the structural features of the female body. Heartbeat to 63 beats / min. It is normal and does not require treatment with an excellent state of health of the expectant mother.

Blood pressure norms for age

Blood pressure - number is not constant depending on the change in its age values, environmental loads.

Indicators rules in relation to the age specified in the table below:

Age	Value
minimum	average	maximum
to a year	74/51	93/64	105/77
1-5	83/57	96/67	114/78
6-13	93/64	107/72	117/82
14-19	107/74	118/78	123/82
20-24	109/76	121/78	133/84
25-29	108/77	122/81	134/85
30-34	113/79	124/83	135/88
35-39	112/79	124/85	136/87
40-44	113/80	126/84	138/88
45-49	116/81	128/85	140/89
50-54	117/82	130/84	143/90
55-59	119/83	132/85	145/91
60-64	122/84	135/86	148/93
65-70	122/84	135/88	148/94
70-75	124/86	136/89	150/95
more than 76	126/88	137/90	160/96

a blood pressure measuring algorithm:

1. Prepare the tonometer, sit on a chair, lean. Remove watches, bracelets, unfasten the sleeve. You can not measure blood pressure immediately after exercise. It should wait about 10 minutes. since raising the stairs, walking, weight lifting or other movement.
2. Cuff tonometer should be placed at the elbow. Tightly secure, knock readings to zero and gradually pump air to the level of 140-160 tonometer.
3. Gradually releasing air, listen to pulsation. Record result.
   
4. To measure blood pressure on both arms with a break of 2 minutes.

Norm pressure at the pregnant woman

Blood pressure while waiting for the baby may be slightly different from the accepted norms. Deviations are due to hormonal changes, the formation of the embryo, increasing blood volume.

In the first trimester may increase or decrease the normal value of 10-15 ml. Hg. The reason for failure in the amount allocated to the hormones estrogen and progesterone by the body. Most often, the pressure is reduced, that does not affect the overall health of the future mother.

With 20 weeks of blood pressure begins to rise gradually. The norm at this time is considered an indicator of 90/60 to 140/90. The main argument is the health of the woman.

Influence tonometer figures during pregnancy can:

• amplification previously diagnosed hypotension or hypertension;
• stress, tension;
• lifting weights, especially at the end of the period;
• hot food and drink;
• long stay in a stuffy, enclosed space;
• non-compliance with sleep.

If there is a pressure of 142/91 headache, noise in the ears, the mind becomes dull - need immediately call an ambulance, because it is possible the development of preeclampsia, representing a serious danger to the child and his mother.

Pressure in Children

Blood pressure in children higher than in adults due to the structural features of the body, vitality. Deviations from the established indicators in childhood - a serious symptom, indicating the pathological problems of the heart and internal organs.

The values ​​in children under one year:

Age	systolic	diastolic
2 weeks	69-91	43-85
2-4 weeks	84-110	40-73
4-8 weeks	82-112	40-75
From 8 weeks to 6 months	85-115	50-70
From 6 months to 1 year	90-115	50-75

Up to 5 years are normal blood pressure for boys and girls are almost identical. From 5.5 to 10 years, there is a difference in the direction of an increase in blood pressure in male children, 14 years of pressure they have decreased by a few points.

BP figures for children:

Age	Value
1-2	93-113/60-73
2-4	100-113/60-75
4-6	100-115/60-77
6-8	100-120/60-78
8-10	100-123/60-80
10-12	114-125/70-84
12-16	110-136/73-86

During puberty retreat on 22-26 mm. Hg. Art. are permissible and do not need medical treatment.

The causes of high pressure:

• trauma;
• stressful situations;
  
• physiological and emotional exhaustion;
• vascular disease and heart;
• problems with the liver and kidneys;
• endocrine dysfunction;
• a genetic predisposition to hypertension.

Lowering blood pressure is due to:

• problems in the endocrine nature;
• anemia;
• tumors in the brain;
• faults in the functional activity of the thyroid gland;
• malnutrition;
• severe fatigue.

Normalize the blood pressure of children is possible using:

• compliance with the daily routine;
• evening walks in the fresh air;
• a balanced diet, elimination of carcinogens and fatty foods;
• smoking cessation and alcohol in adolescence;
• medicinal drugs;
• avoidance of stress and nervous strain;
• elimination of excessive physiological and mental stress.

As pressure varies under load

When sports activities going on adrenaline, vasodilatation, increased cardiac pulsation, the pressure rise. The increased blood flow delivers oxygen active tissues. Increase in blood pressure due to exercise within the limits of the maximum values ​​useful for the organism.

When intense exercise can increase performance up to 180/100 mm Hg, that does not harm healthy body. Suffering from hypertension the leap capable of harm, so they should be avoided endurance exercise.

At high pressure, it is recommended:

• training on a stationary bike, ellipsoid;
• to swim;
  
• do morning exercises;
• gymnastics;
• hiking;
• choose the ballroom or belly dancing.

Classes should be started gradually, increasing the load over time.

Before starting the physical training is necessary to consult with your doctor for contraindications to any type of sport. Professional athletes necessarily need to measure blood pressure for 20 minutes. before classes start and after 10 minutes. after.

Exercise should only loose clothing without compressing the chest. Compulsory drinking water (2.5 l.). Hypotension patients, having a pressure of 90/60 mm. Hg. Art., prohibited any exercise other than walking.

When a deviation from the norm says about the disease

Variations in blood pressure rates are symptoms of hypertension and hypotension. Hypertension - high blood pressure. Dangerous disease, the pathology of provoking other bodies in special cases can cause a hypertensive crisis with a fatal outcome.

To cause hypertension stress, lack of liquid, diabetes, obesity, lack of calcium and magnesium. Noise appears and flies in the eyes and the ears, fainting, decreased consciousness, severe headache.

Extent of the disease:

• 1 degree - periodic pressure increase to 160/90 mm. Hg. Article .;
• 2 degree - constant pressure of 180/100;
• Grade 3 - over 180/100 without decaying while taking drugs.

Hypotension - low pressure. Characterized by memory impairment, insomnia, irritability, decreased sexual activity, early menopause, shortness of breath, chronic fatigue. The teen age appears as a syndrome of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Blood pressure and pulsation, the main signs of a cardiovascular system. According to the testimony pulse rate for men, women and children over the age should draw conclusions on the work of the body and the functioning of internal organs, and in the event of differences between the permissible values ​​in time to take action to pathology elimination.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the normal heart rate by age in humans

Pulse rate in women: