Inflammation of the gallbladder. Treatment, medication, symptoms in women, men, the diet at an exacerbation, causes

Cholecystitis or inflammation of the gallbladder and its walls can be manifested in various forms and accompanied by the unpleasant sensation of pain and its treatment depends on the cause of occurrence, stages and form of the disease. therapy techniques can carry drugs, surgery and traditional ways.

The gall bladder is located directly around the liver and is involved in the digestion of food, since It secretes bile to process it. Therefore, the development of the inflammatory process at its mucosal wall thickening or deformation adversely affect the condition of the digestive system of the patient.

Most patients with cholecystitis - women over 40-50 years of age, who are overweight, little exercise and regularly overeat. This way of life causes frequent stagnation of bile and irregularities in the digestive tract (constipation, diarrhea, flatulence).

Cholecystitis increases in bile cholesterol levels, and at a standstill creates favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic micro-organisms. This leads to an inflammatory process of the body mucosa and the formation of calculi (stones).

Kinds

Classification of disease carried by several criteria, which are listed in the table:

Criterion	View cholecystitis	Characteristic
The presence of tumors	acalculous	Without the formation of stones in the bladder, which is typical for patients up to 30 years of age (20% of patients).
calculary	Against the backdrop of cholelithiasis when calculi already formed (80% of patients).
form of the disease	Acute	Blockage manifests itself when the stone passes into the bladder and associated strong pain
Chronic	Formed gradually and accompanied by periodic pain and some discomfort in the hypochondrium right.

Stage and grade

According to the degree of inflammation cholecystitis classified into the following types:

• purulent - the formation of purulent process (abscesses) in the walls of the bladder;
• catarrhal, at which the body wall thickening, atrophy of the mucous tissue, wherein the observed strong pain in his right side, back, possible discomfort and squeezing pain in the shoulder blade and neck on right;
• phlegmonous - manifested by pain when you cough or change in body position;
• gangrenous - the next stage after the abscess, in which the body develops gangrene;
• mixed type of.

symptoms

The intensity of the symptoms varies among patients from unbearable pain and colic to slightly noticeable discomfort. Therefore, the disease is sometimes found by chance during examination the attending physician. Inflammation of the gallbladder, which treatment specialists conducted depending on the type of disease can manifest a variety of symptoms.

All of the major manifestations of cholecystitis signs are divided into several groups:

• pain symptoms - acute or constant dull pain, which manifests itself in the right-hand hypochondria, which can be given or transferred to the shoulder, neck or shoulder to the right;
• dyspeptic - bitter taste in the mouth, bloating, stool disturbances, nausea and vomiting, feeling of pressure and heaviness in the abdomen (usually at the top and right);
• intoxication - fever, the appearance of weakness, poor appetite, aching muscles;
• autonomic - increased sweating, pain in the head, premenstrual syndrome.

Causes of

According to experts the development of the inflammatory process in the bladder is possible for the following reasons:

• bile stasis due to gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, hepatitis, pancreatitis);
• abnormal body shapes (bends, constrictions, bends), often congenital;
• genetic predisposition;
• the presence of stones in the bladder, which cover the flow of bile and injure the walls;
• abuse of harmful food (spicy, roasted, salted, oily) and alcohol;
• nervous or mental strain, stress;
• omission of bodies during pregnancy;
• hypothermia;
• hormonal imbalance, including hormonal medicines;
• wrong food (food is rarely used), and a sedentary lifestyle;
• impaired immunity;
• Food and other allergies;
• inflammatory processes under infections in other organs (tonsillitis, bronchitis);
• Pathogenic infection in the gallbladder (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, giardia, fungi, virus infection);
• Some medical preparations (Cyclosporin, Clofibrate);
• a sharp decrease in body weight.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is made gastroenterologist specialist who assigns a clinical examination of the patient.

It includes:

• Analysis of symptoms;
• Ultrasound of the abdomen - thickening and shows deformation of the bladder wall, the presence of stones;

  

• Laboratory blood tests (blood count and biochemical analysis);
• bile seeding the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and determining their sensitivity to antibacterials;
• urinalysis for the presence of bile pigments;
• fecal helminths and their eggs, Giardia;
• ultrasonography, showing the bubble size, presence of stones, tumors, thickness;
• esophagogastroduodenoscopy - the gastrointestinal tract by means of a survey of the probe;
• MRI or CT scan;
• cholecystography - roentgen body with addition of a contrast agent, which helps to clarify the structure of the wall of the gall bladder, the presence of stones;
• retrograde cholangiopancreatography - combined method that combines endoscopy and X-ray study with a fence material for a biopsy;
• gepatobilliarnaya scintigraphy - study liver radioisotope method for the study of biliary tract motor function.

When to see a doctor

Inflammation of the gallbladder, which carries out treatment by the attending physician, gastroenterology, must first examine and diagnose correctly. Consult a doctor (physician or gastroenterologist) is necessary when a sharp or dull pain in field right-hypochondria, violation of the intestine, the manifestation of other negative symptoms disease.

Most often the experts treat patients with acute cholecystitis, accompanied by severe pain. When the first symptoms of the chronic form may be smeared or lightly manifested.

prevention

Preventive measures against the occurrence of cholecystitis are not connected with the abandonment of the normal full life. They help prevent the development of inflammation and stagnation of bile in the digestive tract.

The main methods of prevention:

• transition to proper nutrition (regular meals, non-oily and spicy foods);
  
• monitoring of body weight, to avoid a sharp addition or weight loss;
• active lifestyle, including motor activity;
• eliminate heavy lifting and avoid shaking (using a bicycle or other means of transport);
• receiving therapeutic mineral water according to the doctor's recommendations;
• destruction of parasites and worms.

therapies

Inflammation of the gallbladder, which treatment is carried out in the hospital only when the advanced stage or severe acute cholecystitis, advantageously treated using the medications. The therapeutic strategy is determined by the intensity of pain, inflammation and the development form of the disease - it can be carried out surgically or conservatively.

The main treatments include several directions:

• dieting (recommended № 5, comprising grinding and subsequent cooking of food, as well as day 2 hungry use with liquids);
• receiving medicines;
• use of extracorporeal shock wave method (lithotripsy) for destroying gallstones.

Review of medicines

In the period of acute gastroenterologist assigns complex treatment, which consists of several groups of drugs:

• Antibiotics help to destroy infection - Doxycycline, Zinnat, ciprofloxacin, etc .;
• antibacterial Medications (furazolidone, nevigramon);
• antiparasitic - Metronidazole, Tiberal, Makromir;
• solutions for removing toxic - Ringer's solution, glucose;
• Painkillers - analgesics (Spazmalgon, Baralgin) and drugs, antispasmodics (No-Spa, papaverine);
• with strong pains carried novocaine block;
• preparations for normalization of autonomic nervous system and relieving stress - elenium, motherwort;
  
• Medications antiemetics (metoclopramide, domperidone);
• immunomodulatory - Likopid, Imunofan, Timoptin).

After the relief of acute inflammation possible to carry out the dissolution of stones with calculous disease type using drugs (Ursosan, Henofalk) containing chenodeoxycholic or ursodeoxycholic acid.

They act positively only 20% of cases, so it is recommended to take them only as directed highly skilled doctor in the right dosages under regular control (conducted biochemical analyzes blood and ultrasound). The course of treatment - 12-24 months.

In the absence of stones doctor prescribes cholagogue preparations - Tykveol, Holenzim and others. However, such drugs in the presence of stones are dangerous to health.

surgical methods

Removal of the gallbladder, or cholecystectomy is assigned a doctor in the acute form of the disease and low effectiveness of drug therapy, with frequent and severe colic and increase the probability of occurrence complications.

Cholecystectomy performed in several ways:

• using the surgical cutting of the abdominal wall - a traumatic method in which the patient's health recovery is longer;
• laparoscopic approach when through punctures in the skin to put the instruments and camera to access the body of the patient and its removal - a gentle and effective way;
  
• miniholetsistektomiya - Intermediate method using the 'open' method and the minimal access to the body of the patient.

Traditional methods

The use of folk methods of treatment is allowed only in remission of the disease with the constant control of the attending physician. Reception decoctions and infusions aimed at stimulation of bile excretion, bladder treatment and improve its performance. This is a must when dieting.

Basic recipes for herbal preparations used in the treatment of cholecystitis:

• 2 tablespoons mixture of dried Echinacea flowers and leaves currant pour 2 tbsp. boiling water, leave 3-4 hours, then filtered; drink 50 ml before meals;
• mixed in equal proportions grass (yarrow, birch leaves, mugwort, the fruit of juniper), 10 g of a mixture pour 200 ml boiling water, boiled for 30 minutes and infuse 40 minutes, filtered; drink 200 ml twice a day;
• mix herbs (chamomile, immortelle, mint, kidney tea - 2 tbsp.; hop cones, saponaria - 3 tablespoons); take 3 tbsp herbal mixture and fill with 1 liter of boiled water, per day; receive 70-100 ml 5-6 times a day;
• grind and mix herbs (immortelle, wormwood, peppermint, fennel fruit, tansy), pour into a thermos 1 teaspoon mixture, add 1 liter of boiling water and 100 g of honey, leave about 10 hours; drink 100 ml of the broth before each meal during a month, then - the recess 7 days;
• soak in water for a day 50 g chicory root 20 g and 20 g of barberry dandelion root; and water drained weight mince, sugar and 1 liter of water and boil for several hours, filter, put 100 g of honey and infuse within days; drinking on an empty stomach for 1 st. broth for 2 months.

Application infusions for the treatment of disease:

• pinch powder calamus root pour 200 ml boiling water for 20-40 minutes, drink ½ cup before eating;
• Add boiling water to 500 g of oats, hold 45-60 minutes, filter and take 100 ml 3 times per day;
  
• Grate horseradish root and pour 4 cups of boiling water, allow to stand and cool, then put in the refrigerator for 24 h; drink 200 ml of warm infusion immediately prior to a meal.

Recipes concoctions to treat cholecystitis:

• 20 g of crushed leaves calamus and pour 2 tbsp. cold water boil over medium heat for 10 minutes, cool for 10-15 minutes, drink 2 tsp before meals;
• Take 1 tsp birch leaves, juniper berries and Artemisia, add 300 ml of boiling water, boil at low heat, infuse 25-30 minutes and filtered; take a decoction twice a day for 20-30 minutes before eating (in the morning and before dinner).

Traditional methods to increase the production of bile, which is used only in the presence of small stones:

• dissolve in a beaker of heated water Borjomi (without gas) 1 s.t.l sorbitol, drink, then go to the right side with a heater applied;
• Fresh radish juice drink 200 ml a day;
• drink tea 1 tsp chicory and honey during the day.

All of the traditional methods can be used only under the supervision of the attending physician, who will record the change in the work of this body. When the deterioration of the appearance of pain and treatment should be discontinued and consult a gastroenterologist.

Diet

When inflammation of the gallbladder, in conjunction with the conduct of treatment with medications, the doctor recommends the obligatory observance diet.

At the same time should be excluded from the diet:

• fried, high-fat, salty dishes, smoked products;
• Black breads;
• alcoholic and soft drinks;
• beans, cabbage, eggplant, tomatoes, mushrooms;
• sour fruits - pomegranates, oranges, lemons, grapes;
• meat red varieties and liver, sausages and canned;
• fatty fish, eggs and seafood;
• soups cooked in meat or fish broth;
• eggs and fatty dairy products (butter, sour cream, cottage cheese);
• chocolate and nuts;
• pastries, sweets and confectionery products;
• coffee and strong tea;
• acidic juices (citrus, apple, apricot, etc.).

Daily volume of food - about 2-2,5 thousand. salts kcal with minimum consumption. Eat during the day should be frequently (5-6 times a day) in small portions, being careful not to overeat and avoid starvation. The volume of water consumption - 2.5 liter per day.

In the daily diet can include:

• fat-free milk drinks (yogurt, yogurt);
• cereals (buckwheat, oats, rice, semolina), and whole grains;
• puddings, and casseroles;
• yesterday's bread;
• soups vegetable broth with barley;
• Omelet (steamed without egg yolks) - no more than 1-2 eggs per day;
• vegetables (up to 70% of the diet), providing intake of fiber (except cabbage) - boiled, puddings steamed or baked;
• fruits (sour baked apples, strawberries, bananas), compotes one or jelly;
• meat (chicken, rabbit, beef or veal) boiled or vapor form;
• low fat varieties of fish (perch, cod), steamed or boiled;
• weak tea, fresh juices (tomato, black currant, beet);
• mineral water (Borjomi, Kvasova Polyana - taken after meals in 1.5-2 hours).

During dieting all the products can be taken only in a heated warm state, it is recommended to increase the intake of water and drinks.

possible complications

Inflammation of the gallbladder, which treatment is carried out in a timely manner, can move to more severe disease.

If a strong inflammation and lack of treatment of cholecystitis, the following complications:

• empyema or purulent inflammation of the body;
• necrosis wall while squeezing them with stones and strong inflammation;
• bladder perforation walls (appearance of holes or fistulas), whereby its content penetrates into the abdominal cavity, which causes peritonitis;
• fistulas in the walls disposed between the intestine and the bladder, the stomach or renal pelvis;
• "Off" (work stoppages) bubble;
• pericholecystitis - accompanied by the transition of the inflammatory process in the organs that are closely spaced;
• cholangitis - when the inflammation extends to the bile ducts;
• occlusion of ducts, on which the passage of bile;
• biliary cirrhosis - formed during prolonged calculous cholecystitis;
• malignant tumors (cancer) of the body.

To improve the effectiveness of treatment of inflammation of the gallbladder is recommended not to self-medicate. Diagnosis and assignment of all medicines, and the use of the popular methods is carried out only under the supervision of the gastroenterologist, who appoints the complex therapy and monitoring the results and its effectiveness exposure.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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