Dermatitis in adults. Species, photo, types, causes, symptoms and treatment

Dermatitis - a disease that is not contagious, but it makes a person feel discomfort and tightness. Variety of skin inflammation are diverse, and occur in both adults and children.

Causes, types of dermatitis in adults and their symptoms

Dermatitis - is a general term that describes inflammation of the skin, whereby it becomes dry, swollen and red. Some types of dermatitis last a long time, others may break out and end up depending on the season, stress and other factors. The reasons for the development of inflammation could be many. In most cases, the inflammation develops under the influence of several factors.

Dermatitis in adults, which species are grouped into 3 major groups, may look different, occur in all parts of the body.

The three main types:

• Atopic. It begins in childhood and can develop life.
• Contact. There is in contact with an irritant or allergen.
• Seborrheic. Called yeasts secret skin oils.

Atopic dermatitis

The reasons of occurrence has not yet been clarified. But it noted that if this type of dermatitis has been one of the parents, then the likelihood of it in children is 50%. Atopic occurs due to the constant stimulus that affects the skin, causing itching, swelling, redness.

People who have this disease are more susceptible because their skin lacks certain proteins to maintain the level of water in the skin. The disease is common for people with asthma, allergies, however, these diseases are not the cause of atopic dermatitis.

The reasons that aggravate the occurrence of eczema:

• allergy to pollen, mold, dust mites;
• cold, dry winter air;
• a cold or influenza;
• contact with chemicals;
• dry, irritated skin;
• contact with wool products;
• emotional distress;
• frequent reception of the shower, swimming pool;
• a sharp temperature drop;
• cosmetics.

Dermatitis can be distributed in all parts of the body. Originally, itching, and then there are red spots in the form of rashes. This type of inflammation called the "itch that pours." Irritation, red spots, scratches, occur as a result of scratching itchy areas.

Symptoms of inflammation:

• Increased dryness of the skin in places combing.
• Dry the entire skin surface of the body or on the back side of the hand in front of the thighs.
• Dryness auricles, bleeding, discharge liquid.
• Redness of the skin around the lesions.
• skin thickening after prolonged scratching.

Seborrheic dermatitis

This type of skin irritation, mainly affect the head, characterized by the appearance of scaly patches, redness and dandruff. Often, this kind of fixed on the other parts of the body: face, upper back and chest. Skin irritation prone to people of all ages and types.

The main causes of this type of inflammation were determined by a physician, but they emphasize that its development is influenced by two factors:

• Overproduction of sebum, which serves to lubricate the hair. Surpluses are irritants that cause the skin to redden and become oily.
• Malassezia furfur, type of yeast, which is contained in a skin oil. Abnormal its development leads to skin that stands out the excess fat that causes inflammation.

  

Hormonal changes that occur in the mother's body during pregnancy, often lead to the emergence of seborrheic dermatitis in infants.

Factors that increase the risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis:

Diseases that weaken the immune system	HIV AIDS; pancreatitis; liver diseases caused by alcohol; some types of cancer.
heart disease	heart failure; stroke.
Neurological and psychiatric conditions	depression; Parkinson's disease.
endocrine diseases	diabetes; obesity.
Skin Problems	oily skin; psoriasis; Rosacea.
Eating disorder or alcoholism
Stress or fatigue
Having a family member with the same disease
drugs

Signs of inflammation in each person can have their own characteristics, but basically they are the same:

• white or yellowish scaly patches that flake off as dandruff;
• oily skin, crusted patches;
• itching, redness of the affected area;
• plaques, developing a large area of ​​the skin;
• loss of hair in the affected area;
• reddening and crusting of the eyelids (blepharitis).

Seborrheic dermatitis is often confused with psoriasis, which also affects the scalp, causes the appearance of red spots, flakes and itching.

perioral dermatitis

Front rash that occurs around the mouth (not extending to the mouth), the nose, eyes and occasionally, called perioral dermatitis. It is red, scaly appearance, bumps, accompanied by itching or a burning sensation. Occurs more often in women, is characterized by periodicity.

One of the most common factors of is the use of steroid creams for the face and inhalation means for a nose. Another cause of the doctors called fluoride toothpaste and rosacea (a chronic skin inflammation). After the cessation of the use of heavy creams, treatment, inflammation recede, but it is likely to return in the future.

Varicose dermatitis

Varicose eczema, also known as venous, is a long-lasting skin disease that affects the lower limbs. Initial signs: redness and dryness of the skin, itchy, scaly appearance in places combing.

Later symptoms are aggravated by:

• in places irritation skin acquires a brownish tint;
• the skin on the feet become thick, coarsened (lipodermatoskleroticheskaya);
• there are small white scars;
• in the legs, pain;
• eczema often affects other areas of the body.

  

If left untreated, may develop ulcers on their feet. The cause of skin inflammation called high pressure in the veins of the leg. This kind of dermatitis is common in people with varicose veins. It is characteristic of obese people, pregnant women with deep vein thrombosis. He exposed people in old age, more often in women.

ear dermatitis

Dermatitis in adults who are often variations affect all parts of the body can lead to inflammation and ear canal. This is possible when the ear eczema, which is characterized by a red itchy rash around the ear or within the ear canal.

People who are prone to seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema are more likely to suffer inflammation. This type is often called contact dermatitis. Soaps, paints, hair dyes, metal ornaments are the external stimuli for the occurrence of inflammation point.

Symptoms of the disease:

• dry scaly skin around the ear;
• dry and scaly within the ear canal;
• redness and swelling of the parotid region;
• pruritus around and inside the ear canal;
• wet discharge from the ear.

For most people, symptoms are mild and go away after treatment.

In some cases, dermatitis can be intense, as indicated by the additional features:

• skin around the ear strongly reddens and swells;
• scales become rough, leathery;
• inflamed areas of bleeding;
• It appears in the ear canal infection.

In order to avoid infection of the ear passage, it is impossible to comb strongly itchy places. The causes of inflammation may also be cigarette smoke, infection, fever.

staphylococcal dermatitis

Dermatitis in adults can be caused by a group of bacteria, Staphylococcus. This species is known as staphylococcal pyoderma. The bacteria that cause it are considered opportunistic pathogens. Until the skin is healthy, these bacteria do not cause problems. But as soon as the skin is irritated, weakened immune system, they can easily penetrate, multiply rapidly and cause inflammation.

Skin infection is more common in children before puberty and in some occupational groups. But there is no apparent reason in healthy people.

Staphylococcal atopic dermatitis may be acute or chronic. The first occurs in children in the early stages of life and, as a rule, runs hard. Chronic develops in adults and adolescents with impaired metabolism. Characterized by periods of remissions and flares.

Symptoms of injury:

• itching and redness are not always expressed;
• Small painful nodules, quickly turning into a purulent skin lesions (3-5 days);
• ulcers have a tapered shape, and sphere-like;
• ulcers accumulates inside the thick yellow-green pus;
• in the center of the nodules emerges vellus hair.

When dermatitis inflamed hairy areas of the body, swollen lymph nodes.

The reasons:

• wounds, abrasions, cuts;
• contamination of the affected parts of the body;
• hypothermia or hyperthermia;
• intestinal infections;
• weakened immunity;
• metabolic disease;
• the failure of the endocrine glands;
• vitamin deficiencies.

diagnosis of dermatitis

For diagnosis doctor sufficiently a history of concomitant disease and inflammation visual inspection.

Laboratory studies include:

• CBC, including the presence of eosinophilia,
• blood from the vein to determine the concentration of immunoglobulins;
• skin tests to allergens.

If there are comorbidities, appointed doctors consultation: gastroenterologist, internist, allergist.

Drug treatment: indications, names of drugs, instructions for use

Initially eliminated the causes that contribute to skin irritation. This may be enough just applications antiallergic agents and hypoallergenic diet. In severe cases, administered intravenous detoxification.

Topical treatments include the use of ointments, antiseptics. Burning, itching, eliminate using sedatives. When pancreatic dysfunction, which was the cause of dermatitis, enzyme replacement therapy is prescribed.

glucocorticosteroids

Over the past 40 years, corticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment of atopic dermatitis. To do this, apply hydrocortisone, tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus, but they are not always effective. Many of them are associated with side effects, although they remove the rash within the first few days.

Initial therapy consists of powder 1% hydrocortisone ointment base applied 2 times a day to the affected areas. Ointment medium strength steroid (triamcinolone or Valerate betamenazona) applied 2 times a day to the affected areas, as long as ekzemnye foci not decrease. Some steroids penetrate through the skin into the bloodstream.

Their number is small, but can have negative effects on the body:

• improve AD;
• thinning bones;
• contribute to the accumulation of fluid in the legs;
• affect the weight gain.

The amount of steroid applied to the affected areas, measured in units FTU tips of his fingers. One FTU - amount of ointment, which is squeezed out of the tube along the toe of his limbs to the first knuckle. 1 FTU is usually sufficient to treat the skin area, twice the size of the palm of an adult. Two FTU is approximately 1 g steroid.

How ointment should be imposed on the affected areas:

area of ​​skin to be treated	Unit dose FTU
Palm and fingers, front and rear	1
The front part of the chest and abdomen	7
Back and buttocks	7
Face and neck	2,5
hand full	4
leg completely	4

antihistamines

Drugs that reduce itching blocking chemical processes in allergic reactions is always assigned to the therapy of dermatitis. They are secondary to the itching and should not replace the treatment of dermatitis. Sedatives such as Zyrtec, Benadryl, Claritin, improving sleep quality, reduce allergic rhinitis.

Immunosuppressive macrolide

Macrolides - xenobiotics is produced by soil fungi, which have immunosuppressive properties. They are effective in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses. Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus is immunomodulators that act as calcineurin inhibitors.

With their application, patients feel a sense of light burning, which disappears within 2-3 days. For children older than 12 years, they are used in 0.03% and 0.1% of adults in the composition. Pimecrolimus is very good, available on a cream base. It is used 1 time a day at a moderate dermatitis. It can be used for children over 2 years.

moisturizers

The best preventive measure is to hydrate the skin, improving the skin barrier function. Healthy skin is less inflamed and better protected from allergens and irritants. This may be petrolatum, Aquaphor ointment containing ingredients such as lanolin, beeswax, silicones.

Such basic components must be present in the daily care of the skin, especially in the presence of changes of the epidermal barrier and reduced water content in the epidermis. The dampening means should contain substances: glycyrrhetinic acid, telmestein, lipids that possess anti-inflammatory properties.

Also in their composition must be menthol, which provides a sense of cooling and reduces itching. Hyaluronic acid in the humidifying means, promotes healing of wounds.

Drugs that help with dermatitis:

• Aloe vera increases the hydration of the skin.
• Shea butter, stearic and oleic acids which contain anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic agents.
• Bisabolol, camomile-based, it contains antiinflammatory and antispasmodic agents.
• Liquorice root. It helps reduce dryness, itching, inflammation.
• Niacinamide improves skin barrier function, reduces inflammation, loss of water in the epidermis.

Tablets in atopic dermatitis in adults: the name, instructions

With therapy has two goals: to eliminate disturbances in the body and reduce the frequency of relapses. To do this, conducted a systemic treatment.

Membrane preparations

Dermatitis in adults, which species differ in symptomatology, respond well to treatment using Membrane.

Prescribed in combination with a sedative:

• Cromoglicic acid, stabilizes mast cell membranes, it is prescribed at 200 mg 4-5 times a day 30 minutes before meal.
• Ketotifen. It has antihistamine action, administered orally in the morning and evening for 1 pill. The period of treatment - 3 months or more.

sedatives

Drugs used to relieve stress, restore normal sleep:

• Diazepam. The daily dose should not exceed 0.5 to 60 mg.
• Phenazepam. Sleep disorders dose should not exceed 250-500 pg adopted for 35 min. before sleep.

Preparations for the normalization of bowel function

• Bacteriophages drugs of natural origin, which destroy bacteria: Sekstfag, Streptofag, the dose of these drugs is determined individually.
• Prebiotics: Lysozyme, lactitol, Inulin, a local antiseptic action of drugs, the dose is prescribed individually.
• Probiotics: Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin, Bifikol, Linex, Probifor, drugs that regulate the balance of intestinal microflora. Usual Dose: 2 capsules or sachets 2 2-3 times a day.
• Synbiotics: Normospectrum, Maltidofilyus, Laminolakt, biologically active additives are used as agreed with the doctor.
• Enzymes: Pancreatin, Mezim forte, Creon
• Hepatic: Essentiale forte, Tykveol, ornithine.

Hyposensitization agent: name, instructions for use

If the doctor decides that the need for treatment of tablet formulations, it may be prednisone, calcium gluconate, and sodium thiosulfate.

calcium gluconate

In the presence of calcium in the body in sufficient quantity decreases the permeability of the vessel walls, which prevents penetration of allergens. Calcium thus reduces the healing process with dermatitis. Taken in the form of gluconate orally course, but in special cases it is administered intravenously.

However, calcium supplements are contra-indications:

• increase blood clotting;
• contribute to the development of atherosclerosis;
• cause bleeding;
• contribute to hypercalcemia.

sodium thiosulfate

The preparation is to eliminate toxins from the body. It is used intravenously as a 30% solution, 1 time per day. After the introduction of the itching stops. It can be used topically by rubbing the affected skin areas in a 60% solution. Normalises the skin, increases resistance to infections, strengthens nails and hair.

prednisolone

Available in various dosages, intended for the treatment of adults and children alike. It is anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-allergic substance. It is produced in the form of tablets, injections, ointments.

daily dose
Pills	Injection	Ointment
20-30 mg taken after meals	100 -200 mg to complete disappearance of symptoms	3 times a day, apply a thin layer to the affected areas, the course of 1-2 weeks

Antibacterial ointment during secondary infection with

• Cream Latikort. Synthetic drugs for skin diseases, rosacea, rashes.
• Kortomitsetin. Combined ointment applied in atopic dermatitis.
• Oksikort. Ointment illustrated in bacterial infectious lesions of the skin.
• Ftorokort. Ointment with antiinflammatory action.
• Afloderm. Non-halogenated glucocorticoid. It is indicated for dermatitis, allergies, psoriasis.

All ointments applied a thin layer 1-2 times a day.

Physical therapy procedures

Methods include treatment of dermatitis physiotherapeutic procedures in which skin on exposure to heat, ultraviolet light, electric.

• Phototherapy. Suppressed the increased cell-mediated immunity, prolonged remission of the disease.
• Magnetic therapy. Rebounding of the autonomic nervous system during acute dermatitis.
• Acupuncture. Effects on local points helps reduce acute dermatitis period.
• EHF-therapy. Waves with electromagnetic radiation accelerate biochemical reactions.

vitamins

• Retinol Vitamin A, and derivatives thereof, keratin promoting recovery in the epidermis.
• B vitamins: riboflavin, pyridoxine, pangamat,
• Vitamin C is used to reduce the permeability of the vessel walls.
• Vitamin D 3: used for atopic dermatitis;
• Vitamin E: antioxidant.
• zinc supplements: restore damaged tissue.

Folk remedies

Dermatitis in adults (varieties of the disease otlchayutsya the nature of the flow, so to them apply various methods of treatment) can be effectively treated at home. To treat skin diseases by using oatmeal.

To do this:

1. Make a paste of oatmeal and warm water.
2. Add it to a bath full of warm water.
3. Take a bath for 20-30 minutes.
4. Repeat this procedure every day for 1 month.

   

Applications with vitamin E:

1. To prepare a composition based on a few drops of olive oil, vitamin E.
2. Apply to the affected part of the skin.
3. Leave the mask on for the night.

Lotions on the basis of chamomile:

1. Take 2-3 hours. l. chamomile dry brewed in hot water to brew.
2. After cooling the affected surface wet gauze.
3. Perform the procedure several times a day.

Recipe detox bath helps with dermatitis:

1. Fill the tub with warm water.
2. Add to it ¼ cup Epsom salts.
3. Pour ¼ cup of baking soda.
4. Add 1/3 cup of apple cider vinegar.
5. Essential oils are added as required (e.g., lavender oil 10 drops).
6. Take a bath for 20-30 minutes.

diet therapy

The diet should be rich in products capable of supporting the immune system in a healthy condition:

• Green leafy vegetables: broccoli, spinach, cabbage.
• Spices: rosemary, turmeric, oregano, marjoram, sage, and thyme.
• Antioxidant-rich berries: cherry, cherries, strawberries, blueberries.
• Vegetables and fruits containing vitamin A: chard, watercress, pumpkin, apples, bananas.
• Vegetables containing vitamin B, Biotin, B7: cabbage, green peas, potatoes.
• Vitamin C: tomatoes, peppers, cauliflower.
• Vitamin E: almond, avocado, wheat germ.
• Fermented foods: yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi.
• Spices: garlic, chili pepper, flaxseed oil and flaxseed.

Spa treatment of dermatitis in adults

Under the condition of chronic disease dermatitis doctors recommend to visit the resorts in this area. Treated at the resorts is possible only in the period of remission.

There are several areas of medical institutions:

• Peloidotherapy. In Anapa are resorts, which serves as a treatment bath preparations with therapeutic applications and mud.
• Balneotherapy. Resorts Matsesty and Pyatigorsk offer dermatitis patients taking sulphide and radon baths.
• Thalassotherapy. Treatment in swimming pools with sea water or on the sea coasts. Many hospitals in Sochi combines thalassotherapy treatments and balneotherapy.
• Heliotherapy. Treatment that combines air bath with thalassotherapy.

Dermatitis in adults, all varieties - long disease that requires treatment, skin care. But that does not mean you have to give up a normal life. With this disease you need to learn to live.

Video of dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis:

Author: Anna Belyaeva