The human body. Organ located at the back, in the abdomen, the left hypochondrium, functions. Anatomy diagram in the pictures in English. Photos describing men, women, children

The human body is capable of performing multiple functions, which is made possible by coordinated work of all organs, the location of which is useful to know not only physicians, but also simple man.

Location organs in the human body and their functions

table represent:

body structure
external	internal
Head, neck, torso, chest, back, limbs (hands and feet)	The brain, heart muscle, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and other genitalia. Nerves, lymph nodes, blood vessels insta story viewer

Location organs in the human body allows them to form the following systems:

• musculoskeletal - organizes all the movements and postures;
• digestive - it helps to digest food;
• respiratory - nourishes the blood with oxygen;
• Cardiovascular - is responsible for the circulatory filling;
• nervous - regulates the whole organism;
• endocrine - provides neurological and biological phenomena;
• genitourinary - control the process of breeding and reproduction;
• the covering - protects the internal structure of the external conditions.

Skeleton

Human skeleton:

• the vertebral column;
• skull;
• rib to the breastbone;
• limb skeleton.

Their main task - the vertical support body: bones, together with muscle tissue allow the body to change the posture and move in space.

Skeleton - a receptacle for the internal structure of organs: the skull - the brain, in the spinal column - spinal cord, the sternum - the heart and other important organs in the hip area - genitourinary system.

Head

The man's head - the skull - consists of 2 divisions:

Cerebral	Facial
Brain	Organs of hearing, sight, taste, smell, nasopharynx, tongue, masticatory apparatus

The average head sizes: length - 20cm, width - 15 cm, height - 14 cm, circumference - 55-60 cm. Since the length is usually greater than the height, the head is ellipsoidal shape.

Skull

The skull 23 is formed of bone, 15 of which constitute the front separated and 8 - brain. All bones fixed but the lower jaw.

The main purpose - to protect the brain from injury and various environmental influences.

It is the beginning of the digestive (mouth, tongue, masticatory apparatus) and respiratory (nasopharynx) systems.

ears

Location organs in the human body by chance, each of them gets the job done and is still in place. Ear - paired hearing organ located in the temporal part of the same place where the opening of the auditory meatus. The main function of this body - the reception of audio signals, their amplification and transformation into pulses by the auditory nerve to the brain.

Nose

The human nose has three components:

• an outer nose, t. e. the visible part of it;
• nasal cavity corresponding to the air intake and smell;
• sinuses or pneumatic cavity.

functions:

• oxygen intake;
• odor perception;
• purification from dust particles, removing bacteria, air warming.

Eyes

The eyes are part of the facial region and their main components:

• sclera (the visible part called protein);
• cornea;
• Iris (responsible for the color of the eyes);
• pupil;
• lens;
• retina.

The main task - the perception, processing and transmission of visual information: the light rays reflected from the objects fall on the cornea, passes through the pupil, get on the lens, and further retina. Retinal cells were treated with the information to encode it and recovering in the form of nerve impulses in the brain.

Mouth

Roth is involved in the processes of digestion, breathing and speech development. The main organs: tongue, hard and soft palate, teeth and gums, lips.

Functions oral mucosa:

• protects against damage;
• It allows feel pain, thermal or tactile pulses;
• moisturizes and softens food purifies cavity from different microorganisms;
• creates and supports local immunity.

Leather

The skin - cloth located on the human body is the body of the external structure having an upper layer (epidermis) and deep (subcutaneous fat).

appendages:

• glands secreting fat and sweat;
• hair follicles;
• nails.

Functional:

• protection from the external environment;
• thermotaxis;
• removal of harmful substances;
• gas exchange;
  
• energy supplies store.

Nervous system

For competent functioning of the whole body monitors the nervous system. In its conduct of sensitivity, movement, the systems - the immune, endocrine.

components:

1. central (Basic) - the brain and spinal cord. Its purpose - formation of reflexes. Brain obeys the functioning of the organs and their relationship. Bark and subcortical structures help to communicate with the outside world.
2. peripheral - nerves and ganglia. It acts as a conductor between the main nervous system and organs.

Brain

The brain is hidden in the skull, its purpose - individual control.

It consists of 5 departments:

• Front comprising cerebral hemispheres;
• intermediate;
• average;
• Rear comprising pons and cerebellum;
• oblong.

Hemisphere organize the thinking process and coordinate all body movements, with the left forms a logical thinking, while the right - shaped. The cerebellum helps a person to keep his balance, controls muscle movement. Pons receives nerve impulses and sends them further.

Spinal cord

Spinal cord (length - 50 cm width - 10 mm) is hidden in the spinal column, is shaped like a tube filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

functions:

1. reflex - the response of the nervous system to any external stimulation.
2. conductor - the transmission of signals from the various organs to the brain and back again.

Spinal cord injury and lost the connection with the head. A person can lose the ability to keep within the area, the sensitivity does not feel pain, muscle tension, and so on. N.

Nerves

Nerves are formed from bundles of nerve fibers and form the nervous system. According to one of these pulses are delivered to the brain, on the other - from the brain to the muscles and glands.

Nerves different thickness, due to different numbers of forming their nerve fibers. The largest of them is called trunks. They are moving away from the brain and spread throughout the body, forming a network - the autonomic system.

thoracic cavity

The thoracic cavity - space bounded on 4 sides (front, rear, side portion) of the chest surface, and bottom - the diaphragm. On top of this part of the body has no clear boundaries. The main organs of the chest cavity - heart, lungs, trachea and bronchi.

Heart

Located between the lungs heart muscle. Its size is different and corresponds to the size of a man's fist. The organ is characterized by an oblique diligence: the widest part is committed to the right side of the top back, and narrow - to the left down.

Heart - the engine of the body.

It constantly surpasses the blood through the vessels, processing and clearing it. Heart work is automatic and is not subject to consciousness. Rhythm abbreviations given in the rhythmic center and self-excitation can vary depending on the neural or hormonal signals from other organs.

Trachea

One of the first officials of the sternum - the trachea, which originates in the larynx and then divided into the bronchi. The task of this body: to allow air into the lungs. The trachea is a tube consisting of cartilaginous rings, held chords. It forms appropriate bronchi in the lungs sinking roots.

Bronchi

Continuation of the trachea in the form of processes are the bronchi, forming the bronchial tree. They spend, clean, warm and humidify the air flow. Bronchi pass into the bronchioles, which end in the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. Bronchus equipped vessels, nerves and lymph nodes.

Lungs

Light - the largest paired organ sternum takes 2/3 of its space provides all the cells with oxygen. Both halves are characterized by the same functional and external similarity: conical, but without the tip, the vertex of which is directed towards the neck and the concave base to the diaphragm.

However, they have a different structure: the right lung has three lobes, the left - of 2. Right wider, but shorter than the left, where there is a place for the heart muscle. Each time you inhale and exhale the lungs are reduced by the presence of elastic connective tissue.

Abdomen

Between the diaphragm and abdomen pelvis located, which lower section is filled digestive organs and the urogenital system.

Conventionally, this space is divided into three horizontal rows:

• upper - liver, gall bladder, stomach, spleen;
• average - small intestine, kidney, pancreas;
• lower - colon, bladder, sexual appendages.

Stomach

The stomach holds the upper section of the peritoneum, esophagus continues. Muscle is a bag located below the diaphragm in the left subcostal region. Its size and shape is constantly changing, what does the fullness of the body.

functions:

• destroying bacteria;
• food processing;
• pushing processed food into the small intestine.

Liver

Location of the organ in the human body, like the liver, due to its connection with the intestines and digestive system. It is situated under the diaphragm to the right upper abdomen. Is the glands that produce bile.

functions:

• controls the metabolic processes;
• neutralizes the toxic products of protein metabolism;
• secretes bile into the duodenum 12;
• It facilitates the exchange of hormones.

The liver is the "repository" for blood: replenishes its stocks of blood loss.

gallbladder

The gallbladder receives the bile secreted by the liver. This body is like a bag the size of a hen's egg, shaped like a pear - with a wide base and narrow neck. The ducts of the gallbladder - common hepatic, cystic, common bile - deliver the accumulated liquid 12 in duodenum.

Pancreas

Pancreas refers to the organs of the endocrine system.

It is mixed gland secretion, performing the following functions:

• It provides a process for digestion of food;
• responsible for the formation and isolation of enzymes: trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and others.
• promotes continuous release of insulin and glucagon in the blood.

Spleen

Next to the pancreas is the spleen - the body's immune system. It is shaped like a coffee bean has a dark color and a sponge-like structure.

The main purpose - the accumulation and storage of blood to the essentials.

Other features:

• It supports the immune system;
• blocking harmful substances;
• It purifies the blood from outdated red blood cells;
• produces protective antibodies;
• controls the amount of iron.

Intestines

The intestine is part of the alimentary canal, which stretches from the stomach to the anus. It consists of small and large departments. The main purpose - processing and assimilation of mineral elements, which is part of the small bowel problem. As well as the absorption, purification, control of the immune and endocrine systems, removal of residual masses, which is part of the colon problem.

Appendix

Appendix - a small appendage of the cecum, performs the following functions:

• It protects against the negative factors;
• It is part of the immune system;
• restores microflora of the digestive tract;
• It is a storehouse of beneficial bacteria.

When inflammation of the appendix is ​​removed, that does not affect human health.

Bud

Kidney - paired organ located on the right and left sides of the spinal column at the level of the lumbar. It has fasolepodobnuyu form, protected from mechanical injuries fibrous sheath.

functions:

• removing harmful components and excess fluid;
• formation of hormones;
• participate in metabolic processes;
• maintaining a constant composition and volume of blood.

Adrenal glands

Adrenal - paired glands located in the top of the kidneys. They produce hormones, including sex. Control metabolism. Regulate the body's resistance to stress: when in normal functioning of the person does not feel weakness, excitement, fatigue.

Bodies large and small pelvis

Taz formed belt of the lower limbs. The boundaries of the large pelvis: the front wall of the peritoneum, behind the spine on each side of the iliac bone. Border small: in front of the pubic bone, behind the coccyx, laterally seat. Bodies of the area under consideration: the bowel, bladder, ureter, genitals.

Bladder

Location of the organ in the human body, as the bladder, account for a small basin: just behind the pubic bone. It is characterized by elasticity.

Purpose - accumulation and output of urine: produced by the kidneys liquid enters through the urinary flow into the cavity of the bladder, where at least the filling body comes out. Bladder filling speed depends on the external temperature, the amount of fluid intake, stress situations.

Ureter

Ureter - paired tubular organ that connects the kidney and bladder. His appointment to the passage of liquid by reducing the muscle cells located in the outer wall of the body. Rhythmic contractions depends on the rate of formation of urine, body position in space, the physiological condition of the bladder and urethra, functioning vegetososudistoy department.

Rectum

Terminal part of the colon is the rectum, is located in the zone of the sacral vertebra.

Front of this body is bordered by the bladder in men and the rear wall of the uterus in women, behind - with the sacrum and coccyx.

The body fall food residues that are not metabolized in the small intestine, and water. There is a further uptake of substances, liquids, formation and excretion of feces

Genito-urinary system

Genitourinary system is responsible for the reproductive and urinary function, which is caused by a corresponding set of bodies. Urination provides output liquid harmful substances responsible for the harmony of the acid-base balance and water-salt exchange.

Reproduction is responsible for the continuation of the species. it also produces hormones that contribute to the proper functioning of the organism as a whole.

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System:

• penis - the outer body, the appointment - urination, and reproduction;
• ovaries - cancer (Pair), and the cells produce hormones;
• deferens - paired organ, resembling a tube connects the ovary to the flow ducts of the seminal vesicles;
  
• prostate - produces a secret that is part of semen: it liquefies and makes cells more active.

The female reproductive system

Female reproductive system:

1. labia protect the internal cavity from harmful microorganisms.
2. Vagina - a tube of muscle tissue, which takes the male secret and opens the birth canal. It originates in the labia and extends to the cervix.
3. ovaries responsible for oocyte maturation and the formation of hormones.
4. fallopian tubes - myotubes in which the fertilization process. Then they transported the embryo in the uterus.
5. Uterus It accepts an embryo, where it is developing the whole period of pregnancy. Before the onset of labor the cervix expands and opens the way for generic fruit.

Digestive system

The digestive system of a person:

• mouth, pharynx, esophagus;
• stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver;
• rectum.

functions:

• grinding and pushing food;
• production of saliva, bile, enzymes and juices;
• uptake of useful components, trace elements, vitamins, water;
• removal of residues.

The lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and is actively involved in the process of metabolism.

Its main purpose - to conclude foreign elements from the blood, cleansing tissues and cells.

The components of the lymphatic system: capillaries, blood vessels, lymph nodes; bone marrow, spleen, thymus.

glands

Regulation of physiological processes and the release of active substances is due to the special organs - glands:

glands
Production of hormones:	secretions released:	mixed:

muscles

human muscles are divided into three main types:

• striated (Skeletal) - is attached to the bones;
• smooth - cells of organs, glands, blood vessels;
• heart - forms the heart.

Functionality: skeletal muscle tissue provides a variety of body movements, it helps to hold the pose; muscles protect the body from negative external factors.

children's anatomy

Anatomy of children:

1. The amount of bone is greater in the future, they are combined.
2. Muscle tissue is weaker, its first development occurs in the region of the trunk and extremities, and then developed the small muscles of the hand, are responsible for more precise movements.
3. The cardiovascular system is characterized by a big heart and an increased heart rate.
4. The digestive system is virtually the same, but is characterized by the narrowness of the esophagus and the small volume of the stomach.
5. The nervous system is also poorly developed in children, its full formation occurs to 15 years.

Pregnant woman

Anatomy of an expectant mother:

1. It is happening uterus increase.
2. The amount of blood increases, increased weight and heart rate.
3. Increasing pressure on the diaphragm and lungs.
4. The stomach is displaced. the tone of the rectum weakens.
5. uterine pressure leads to frequent urination.
6. Mammary glands swell.
7. The liver is displaced to the side and upwards.
8. The glands produce hormones necessary for the formation of colostrum and milk.

body structure of a unique and harmonious arrangement of all the organs are interdependent and sent out to the whole body to function properly and without interruption.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the human body

The internal organs and structures of the human body: