Anticoagulants. What is it in simple words. A list of names of drugs, the list of side effects. Medicines direct, indirect, classification

Problems with the heart and vascular system occur in people often. For the prevention, treatment of these pathologies produce medicines - anti-coagulants. The fact that it is, in what way and how to use them, disclosed below.

What is the anticoagulant principle of operation

Anticoagulant medications called, performing the function of plasma thinners. They help to prevent the formation of thrombotic sites, minimize the occurrence of heart attack, stroke, and the formation of the venous and arterial blockages.

It should be noted that the previously formed blood clots do not undergo resorption using such drugs.

Preparations are well tolerated, supporting the health of people who have artificial heart valves or there is uneven heartbeat. If the patient has suffered a heart attack or have other heart disease (cardiomyopathy), he was also appointed anticoagulants.

The effect of such funds aimed at reducing the ability of blood coagulation (clotting), namely under their influence is reduced likelihood of clots, which can block passages vascular compounds. As a result of the treatment, the risk of heart attack or stroke minimized.

Kinds

Anticoagulants (what it is, especially their use are described below) is divided into groups:

• physiological - constantly produced by the body and enter the bloodstream;
• pathological - when it detects them in the composition of the plasma are able to show the presence of any pathology.

The first group is divided into:

• primary (Synthesis of constantly occurs);
• secondary (Produced after cleavage blood flow factors by dissolving therein fibrin).

Primary natural drugs

Subdivide this group of pharmaceuticals to:

• inhibitors, Formed due to the self-reproduction fibrin;
• antithrombin - the main factor of plasma protein;
• antitromboplastiny - factor antisvertyvayuschey plasma system.

If the patient has a predisposition to reduce these substances, there is a possibility that he may form thrombosis.

Group of natural primary products:

Name	Features of origin
heparin	Has a class of polysaccharides, its synthesis takes place in the mast cells. Large volume is occupied by the liver and lungs. Increasing the concentration of the substance inhibits platelet function, that prevents the development of vein occlusion.
protein C	Produced by liver cells in the blood has an inactive status. To activate it, you need thrombin.
AT III	Manufactured in the liver and relates alpha2-glycoprotein. Reduces the activity of the blood to clot, while not affecting the inactive anticoagulants.
protein S	Produced by the liver.

Secondary physiological medicine

Drugs group include the following active substance formula:

1. Antithrombin I.
2. Antithrombin IX.
3. Metafaktory XIa and Va.
4. Febrinopeptidy.
5. Auto 2-anticoagulant.
6. Antitromboplastiny.
7. PDF (substances arising by dissolving fibrin).

pathological products

With the development of severe diseases circulating immune species formed inhibitors that act as specific antibodies. Such bodies are intended to prevent clotting.

These include inhibitors of VII, IX factorial. During the course of autoimmune diseases in the bloodstream appears abnormal kind of protein. They possess antimicrobial properties and suppressing action facing to coagulation factors (II, V, Xa).

Antiplatelet agents

Drugs reduce thromboxane synthesis and are intended for the prevention of stroke and heart attack, which may arise from the formation of blood clots glued.

Aspirin - it is the most profitable and obscherasprostranenny costs antiplatelet agent. Often, patients who survived the attack, prescribe aspirin. It blocks the formation of condensed blood formation in the coronary arteries. After consultation with the medical professional may use this tool in small doses (for prophylaxis).

Patients who have suffered a stroke, and heart valve replacement, designate ADP (adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors). This preparation is injected into the vein, and prevents the formation of clots that can occlude vessels.

Preparations of thrombosis:

1. Nugrel.
2. Ticlopidine.
3. Klopidorel.
4. Dipyridamole.
5. Takagrelor.

Like any other medication drugs, antiplatelet agents have a number of side effects:

• fatigue of a permanent nature;
• frequent manifestation of heartburn;
• headache;
• nausea;
• pain in the abdomen;
• a sharp change in stool;
• blood flowing from his nose.

In such forms, the patient must apply to medical specialist to reassign it preparations.

Also, there are adverse events for which you need to completely stop taking drugs:

1. allergic reaction (swelling of the face, throat, tongue, extremities, lips, rash).
2. Vomiting in particular to the presence of blood clots.
3. Chair dark or bloody streaks.
4. The presence of blood in urine.
5. Difficult to inhale and exhale.
6. Unrelated question.
7. Symptoms of arrhythmias.
8. Yellowness, speaking on the skin and on eye proteins.
9. Tenderness of the joints.
10. Hallucinations.

For some patients, antiplatelet therapy prescribed by a doctor for a lifetime, so it is necessary to systematically carry out blood sampling to verify its clotting.

Oral formulations of the new generation

Anticoagulants (what is this principle and exposure of the body is described in the article) are essential for many diseases. According to statistical indicators, most of them have some limitations and side effects. But manufacturers eliminate all the negative side, thereby releasing more and more new generation of improved tools.

Any anticoagulants have both positive and negative sides. Scientists have conducted additional research laboratory preparations to further produce universal means of thrombosis and related diseases and. Underway to develop such drugs to young patients (children) and for those who have contraindications to their use.

Advantages of modern drugs:

• It minimizes the risk of a spontaneous flow of blood;
• Medicaments operate at 1.5 hours;
• most people who have limited indications for Varfinu already can take Their newest drugs;
• the effectiveness of the PPP does not affect eaten food and other medications.

Disadvantages TNG:

• constant testing facilities;
• such funds should be drunk all the time, with no gaps, as they have a short period of time the action;
• rare, but there are adverse effects associated with intolerance of components.

The PUP list, there is a small amount of money, as most of them are in the testing phase. Their newest one is "Dabigatran", which is a low molecular weight drug (thrombin inhibitor). Medical professionals often prescribe it from venous occlusions (prophylactically).

Another 2 PNP which are easily tolerated by patients, are "apixaban", "Rivaroxaban." The advantage of them is that there is no need at the time of curative therapy, serum risks bleeding disorders. They do not respond to other drugs employed, that is their advantage. Stroke and arrhythmia medicines as well prevent.

Classification of anticoagulants: direct, indirect

Anticoagulants (what it is and how they work is considered in the article for informational purposes only, so their self-forbidden) can be divided into two main subgroups.

They are:

• direct acting (Have the opportunity to work directly on thrombin, reducing its activity to a minimum, thereby diluting the blood flow);
• indirect effects (Affects synthesizing enzymes (the origin side) that regulate blood clotting).

Medications are well absorbed the stomach walls and eventually excreted in the urine.

direct	Heparin (low molecular weight). Hirudin. sodium hydrocitrate. Danaparodid. Lepirudin. Heparin.
indirect	Indandiona. Monokumariny. Bishydroxycoumarin.

Gerapinovaya group

The main and most common representative of drugs of direct action - a "Heparin". In its composition included sulfated glikozaminoglikanty, different in size. It has low bioavailability.

The drug interacts with many other components produced by the body:

• plasma proteins;
• endothelium;
• macrophages.

Treatment with this drug does not completely protect against thrombosis. If the clot has already appeared and is located in the atherosclerotic plaque, the heparin can not act on it.

Formulations heparin group (oral tablets and ointments for topical application:

1. "Venolayf".
2. "Heparin" (injectable).
3. "Klevarin".
4. "Heparin ointment."
5. "Lioton gel".
6. "Trombless".
7. "Dolabene".
8. "Ksarelto".

oligopeptides

Anticoagulants (what it is and how they affect the body, can be found below) from the group of oligopeptides affect the activity of thrombin. These are strong inhibitors that prevent the formation of thrombi. Active ingredients medsredstv reunited with the blood coagulation factors, changing the arrangement of their atoms.

Some drugs Group:

1. "Hirudin".
2. "Efegatran."
3. "Inogatran".
4. "Tromstop".
5. "Hirudin".

These funds are used for the prevention of:

• heart attacks;
• varicose veins;
• thromboembolism;
• vascular reocclusion after plastic walls.

low molecular weight heparins

Low molecular weight heparins types have elevated bioavailable threshold and antithrombotic effect. In the course of their use possible risk of developing complications of hemorrhoids. drug components tend to be rapidly absorbed and long output.

Medicines of this subgroup completely eliminate the factors that contribute to abnormal blood clotting.

They increase the synthesis of thrombin and does not have a serious impact on the capacity of the vascular walls. Drugs help to improve the rheological properties of blood flow, as well as a positive impact on the blood supply of all organs, leading to a stable state of their functions.

Names of drugs LMWH:

Title	Characteristic
"Fragmin"	Available as a transparent or slightly yellowish solution. The drug should not be administered intramuscularly. Appointed agent in increased doses surgery field, in particular for those patients who have a risk of bleeding.
"Klivarin"	Direct anticoagulant that affects the clotting of blood. The drug acts neutralizer blood clotting features assigned when thromboembolism (prevention treatment).
"Clexane"	Remedy against inflammation and antithrombotic. Before you start taking this remedy should be excluded from the use of all drugs that affect hemostasis.
"Fraksiparin"	Grout, antithrombotic and anticoagulant action. At the site of injection may appear bruises and bumps sealed in a few days they disappear on their own. If at the beginning of treatment to take large doses of the drug, it may develop bleeding, but after the effect disappears.
"Vessel Due F"	The drug is a natural compound obtained from the mucous membrane of the intestines of animals. Tool helps to suppress the factors influencing blood clotting. Components of the formulation contribute to the synthesis of prostaglandins. They block the development of previously formed blood clot and are assigned to eliminate thrombogenic processes.

thrombin inhibitors

The chief representative of this group - "Grudin." Its composition comprises a protein which is obtained from leech saliva (Medical). This is a direct effect of thrombin inhibitor.

The "hirudin" are analogs ( "hirugen", "hirulog"). They contribute to the preservation of life of patients who suffer from heart disease. These drugs have many advantages when compared to the heparin group. The funds have a prolonged effect.

Manufacturers are beginning to produce oral administration forms. Restrictions on the use of these funds can only be because of the price category.

"Lepirudin" (recombinant medicine) blocks the thrombin and is appointed by thrombosis prophylaxis. Medicine - a direct thrombin inhibitor, performs its lock. The drug is prescribed for the prevention of myocardial infarction or to avoid surgery on the heart due to angina.

preparations hirudin

Drugs in this group have a certain similarity to the heparin group, they also have an antithrombotic effect. They are present in the composition of a substance that is produced in the saliva of leeches - hirudin. It binds to thrombin and irreversibly eliminate it. Also, the drug has an effect in part to other factors that affect the clotting of blood.

Means, which are based on hirudin:

1. "Piyavit".
2. "Girolog".
3. "Revask".
4. "Fondaparinux".
5. "Argatroban".
6. "Rivaroxaban."

All preparations are not so long ago in the sale, so the experience of using them is low.

List of indirect anticoagulants: the names of drugs

Anticoagulants (what it is described in the article) indirect characterized in the table below:

Name	Property	application
"Fenilin"	Rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, easily passes gistogematicalkie barrier accumulates and its action in the body tissues. The drug is indicated for the prevention of thrombosis and complications after surgery. After treatment in patients disappear seizures legs and numbness.	Inside, in a certain pattern, which will appoint an expert.
"Neodikumarina"	Under the influence of the drug, while reducing the decrease Prothrombin proconvertin occur, declines in intensity as blood clotting process and minimizing resistance to heparin. Means reduces the amount of fat in the bloodstream, increasing the permeability of vascular walls.	Take the medicine inside under the supervision of specialists and with the control of prothrombin and other factors that affect blood clotting.
"Warfarin"	The drug carries a lock of the formation of vitamin K, which depends on factors influencing blood clotting. He minimizes the concentration in plasma, thus, slows down the process of folding the bloodstream.	The drug should be taken by mouth, once in 24 hours. Take pills every day at the same time. On the duration of therapy should be to explain the medical specialist, has appointed the drug.

List and review of anticoagulant direct action

Medications (anticoagulants) direct action:

• "Heparin ointment"Present available in a tube of 25g, it costs 50 rubles., Manufactures means the Russian pharmaceutical company.
• "Heparin-Akrikhin"Is discharged as a gel for topical application, the tube has a volume of 30 g, Russian manufacturer, and its cost from 230 rubles.
• "Trombless", Produced Russian pharmaceutical company in gel form for topical application, the tube has a volume of 30 g, the cost of the drug ranges from 250 to 300 rubles.
  
• "Venolayf" - gel for topical application, is available in the form of tubes, whose volume is 40 g, the cost of the drug is located at around 350 rubles.

As for the treatment and prevention of medical experts appointed drugs such as:

• "Clexane" - injection (produced by the French pharmaceutical company). The drug blocks the occlusion of blood vessels tromboobraznymi adhesions, changes the composition of enzymes, which are directed to blood clotting. The cost of the drug - 1500 rubles.
• "Fraksiparin" It is also produced by the French company. The active substance contributes to liquefaction of the blood and reduces the risk of blood clots. This injectable drug, which costs 2200 rubles.
• "Fragmin" - injection of US production, is prescribed to people who have seen the risk of blood clots. The cost of money - 2000 rubles.

Indications for admission

Anticoagulants are appointed, if there is a risk of thrombosis, and if:

• originated heart failure;
• is artificially implanted heart valves;
• aneurysms has chronic phase;
• discovered mural thrombosis of the heart;
• there was a myocardial infarction, extensive action.

In some cases, drugs are prescribed as a prevention and treatment:

• thrombophlebitis leg;
• varicose veins (varices);
• thromboembolism occurred after childbirth;
• forced recumbency after surgery.

Contraindications

Before taking anticoagulants patient must pass a series of tests.

Preparations are contraindicated in:

• aneurysm (intracerebral);
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcer);
• hypertension (portal);
• thrombocytopenia;
  
• leukemic disease;
• tumors (malignancy);
• kidney liver problems (failure);
• high pressures (over 180/100);
• excessive use of alcohol;

Possible side reactions

Drugs can cause the following problem status in patients:

• the presence of blood clots in the urine;
• dark or black stool;
• blood stains under the skin;
• many nosebleeds;
• bleeding gums;
• induced vomiting with blood-streaked or bloody expectoration;
• women can change the nature and the amount of menstrual blood (cycle length, amount of bleeding).

Do I need a doctor's prescription?

Since the anticoagulant effect on blood clotting, the bleeding (usually it is internal bleeding) may open non-compliance with the rules of admission. It is forbidden to engage in self, be sure to consult your healthcare professional that will give detailed advice. From drugstores such drugs sold without a medical professional recipes.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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