This disease is often the reason for seeking medical attention in the autumn and winter as a result of regular hypothermia and infections: viral or bacterial origin. Accordingly, the need antiviral therapy or treatment by means of antibiotics.
Why am I infected?
Among viral infections lead to the development of acute viral bronchitis can:
- rhinoviruses;
- measles virus;
- influenza, including the swine (H1N1);
- parainfluenza virus;
- adenoviruses;
- virus is respiratory syncytial virus infection.
By the development of the disease can result in:
- bacterial infections;
- viral infection;
- the impact of physical and chemical agents.
The main pathogens of bacterial origin are:
- streptococci;
- staphylococci;
- pneumococci;
- rarely - mycoplasma, chlamydia.
External influences include:
- dust;
- contaminated air chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide;
- Prolonged inhalation of too hot or too cold air.
Contribute to the development of acute bronchitis are the following factors:
- poor nutrition;
- elderly or children's age;
- frequent hypothermia;
- reduction in the body's defenses;
- alcoholism;
- smoking;
- chronic infection (chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis).
Infection occurs in most cases by the patient by airborne droplets.
Symptoms in adults
Symptoms of acute bronchitis have similarity with colds, influenza, rhinitis, sinusitis. Bronchitis is often watery and inflamed mucous membranes of eyes, there is conjunctivitis. Often patients have to deal with painful swallowing, hoarseness caused by laryngitis pharyngitis.
Testify to the development of acute bronchitis may be symptoms:
- Weakness, sweating, and malaise. Refer to the signs of intoxication and pronounced the greater the activity of the inflammatory process in the bronchial tree.
- Dry cough. Characteristic for the initial stages of the inflammatory process in the bronchi. Its duration may vary and depends on many factors. In typical cases, a dry cough at acute bronchitis lasts 4-5 days and is provoked by the inhalation air. Especially its hacking drops observed at high and low temperatures.
- Moist cough. The appearance of moist cough in acute bronchitis marks the second phase of inflammation in bronchi. In this case, during coughing mucous expectoration transparent or yellowish-green phlegm. This cough lasts about a week and arises spontaneously as the accumulation of phlegm in the bronchi, especially in the morning.
- Hyperthermic response. Usually it occurs on the type of sub febrile temperature (about 38? C). The presence of higher numbers it must always guard against pneumonia.
- Wheezing on auscultation of the lungs. In the initial stages of the process are usually dry rough on the background of hard breathing. As sputum expectoration during coughing wheezing to listen to become wet and large-srednepuzyrchatymi. The appearance of fine bubble krepitiruyuschie or wheezing should always guard against pneumonia.
- Dyspnea and decreased physical activity. Join the progression of respiratory failure and always indicate severe bronchitis or its complications.
The central symptom of acute bronchitis is a cough. Around this symptom is based diagnosis of the disease. Acute process is characterized by sudden onset and complete resolution of symptoms for 2 to 3 weeks. Otherwise, we have to talk about recurrent or chronic process.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is as follows:
- Patient survey - revealing complaints;
- general clinical examination - aimed at identifying respiratory symptoms;
- Microbiological sputum analysis - to determine the causative agent;
- spirography, namely measuring forced expiratory - to determine bronchial obstruction;
- X-ray or FLG can detect lung tissue reaction to infection, but will not show specific changes associated with bronchitis.
General symptoms of acute bronchial inflammation may be similar to sinusitis or rhinitis. The differential diagnosis is made by a physician examination.
Radiography will help to distinguish bronchitis from focal pneumonia, because the latter is shown on the x-ray. You should also differentiate bronchitis, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. In these cases, expectoration of sputum may appear in the blood veins.
complications
To the list of possible complications of acute bronchitis, doctors include:
- Bronchial asthma.
- Bronchiolitis.
- Pneumonia.
- Enfizemu lungs.
- hearty
- Chronical bronchitis.
- Obstructive pulmonary disease. '
How to treat acute bronchitis?
As practice shows, in most cases of acute bronchitis in adults is caused by a viral infection, and antibiotics It is only necessary if the disease to join a bacterial infection or diagnosed as a variety complications.
The disease without complications - in fact, inflammation, so treatment of acute bronchitis is usually tied to the elimination of symptoms and the use of anti-inflammatory therapy.
An Integrated Framework for the treatment of acute bronchitis in adults, includes the use of:
- If acute bronchitis is developed as a complication of a viral respiratory diseases, it is advisable to take antiviral drugs. Today the assortment of these drugs is quite wide (Arbidol, anaferon, Immunoflazidum, groprinozin, amizon, altabor), and only the physician will help you choose the most effective.
- Given that the treatment of bronchitis is used quite a long course of antibiotics, be sure to take probiotics in parallel (laktovit, bifiform, Linex). These preparations will ensure the restoration of the intestinal microflora and well-being. Also do not forget about Hepatoprotectors (Darcy CARS), that will support and restore liver cells suffering from a long course of medical treatment.
- To liquefy the phlegm and increasing the productivity of cough expectorants prescribed medications, such as ACC, mukaltin, mukolvan, flyuditek, Lasolvan, pektolvan, overslept. If there is shortness of breath, it is advisable to take the drug dilates the bronchi (aminophylline, teopek, teotard). Pharmacy is not standing still, and today there are many combination products provide and expectorant action and bronchodilator (Ascoril), anti-inflammatory and expectorant (Erespal), expectorant and anti-allergic effect (Pulmolor).
- When hyperthermia (body temperature is higher than 380), it is recommended to take antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin). If the temperature is below 380, then churn it should not be, because this is the body's response indicates that the body fights off viruses and bacteria, you only need to help him.
- If necessary, antibiotics conducted following drugs: penicillins (Augmentin, Amoxil, ospamoks, amoxiclav) macrolides (azithromycin, macrofoams), cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefazolin, tsifadoks), fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, levofloxacin). Depending on the age of the patient and disease severity, antibiotics can be administered in the form of syrups, suspensions, tablets, intramuscular and intravenous injections. The dose and duration of treatment determined by the doctor, but the average course of antibiotics lasts 7-10 days. After the disappearance of symptoms for 2-3 days is recommended to continue taking the drug.
The daily diet should contain adequate amounts of protein and vitamins. Against high temperature and general intoxication can starve little (if this body, of course, requires) but generally any restrictive diets are contraindicated in these patients. Against the background of acute bronchitis usually recommend drinking plenty. For an adult - a daily fluid intake should be at least 3 - 3.5 liters. Typically alkaline juice are well tolerated, hot milk with mineral water at a ratio of 1: 1.
Need lifestyle interventions to address risk factors for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. In particular this applies to smoking, and various kinds of occupational hazards (dusty production, working with paints, frequent hypothermia, etc.).
It shows the use of high efficiency inhalation using a nebulizer. As a solution for inhalation can be used mineral water, Ringer's solution or normal saline. Procedures are carried out 2-3 times a day for 5-10 days. manipulation of data promotes discharge moktroty facilitate drainage of the bronchial tree, reduce inflammation.
Treatment of folk remedies
Traditional medicine knows many recipes for the treatment of acute bronchitis. Almost all of them are focused on thinning phlegm, relieve inflammation and clearance of mucus from the bronchi.
- Black radish juice (0.5 liters) was mixed with 150 grams of honey and are made of a homogeneous mass consistence. Let sit 1-n day and take one teaspoon every two hours for several days.
- Take the fresh juice of turnip and take it undiluted to three tablespoons four times a day for ten days.
- Take the prepared collection mother and stepmother, make the broth in a ratio of 10 grams of herb per 200 milliliters of water (pour boiling water, cook for 10 minutes over low heat, then cool). Take three tablespoons of the resulting funds five times a day for ten days.
- Crush hundred grams of raisins, pour a mixture of a glass of water and boil it for fifteen minutes, after which the broth can crush twice a day for one week.
Of course, before using them you should consult with your doctor about the possibility of practical application in your case.
Physical therapy procedures
Physical therapy has been used when the body temperature returned to normal. Active application are the following procedures:
- Warming banks and mustard plasters.
- Massage. Held both hands and massage for improving the discharge of phlegm, blood circulation in the bronchi.
- Inhalation. It is carried out using a mineral water, soda, salts, essential oils of peppermint, eucalyptus and pine. The basis can make herbal teas, garlic oil, rosemary.
- Halotherapy. Treatment artificially created microclimate salt caves, helping heal bronchial diseases in the acute stage.
- Nebulizers. Inhalation of the aerosol through the mouthpiece. The use of "Gedeliksa", "Sinupret", "Mukaltin" and other drugs relieves acute inflammation.
- Therapeutic exercises, including breathing exercises.
- UHF physiotherapy. It has anti-inflammatory effect and relieves spasms.
- Healing bath. Adoption relaxing treatments using aqueous oil burner with essential oils or fir eucalyptus installed in a bathroom or the use of medicinal solutions, for example, of crusts tangerines.
How long is acute bronchitis?
Inflammation occurs about 3 weeks. Beyond this period diagnosed chronic bronchitis, and he is able to continue for another 3 weeks. Frequent prolonged inflammation increases the likelihood that the disease chronic.
If during the year there was more than 3 acute bronchitis, such recurrent disease can cause asthma.
prevention
The following steps can be identified as the main preventive measures:
- rejection of bad habits;
- observe proper nutrition;
- try more often in the open air;
- not come into contact with sick people;
- while working with chemicals to use special masks;
- beware of supercooling and prolonged presence in a damp room;
- maintain a healthy lifestyle (for example, to engage in breathing exercises, tempering).
