Conjunctiva called a thin transparent membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera eyeballs. Pathology is also called "Red-eye disease" as reddened and swollen eyelids are a characteristic clinical manifestations.
According to medical statistics of allergic conjunctivitis is subject to the order of 15% of the population. In some countries with poor environmental conditions periodically allergic symptoms have been reported in 40% of people. Pathology are more prone to younger patients.
Causes of
Provoke the disease can be the following exogenous factors:
- pollen;
- Fluff, feathers or fur of animals;
- Cosmetics;
- House dust.
Medicines (often cause allergic reactions antibiotics);
- Contact lenses;
- Dry food for aquarium fish;
- Perfumes;
- Household products;
- Food.
And this is not an exhaustive list of substances that can cause allergic
conjunctivitis. A sick person is not a threat to others, because the disease is not contagious.Classification
Depending on the cause of such a reaction of the organism, the following types of allergic conjunctivitis:
- Giperpapillyarny (krupnososochkovy) - occur at a lesion mucous foreign bodies (lenses, prostheses, post-surgical sutures);
- Infectious-allergic - heightened susceptibility to toxins that secrete pathogenic bacteria or viruses, fungi. In this case the allergen in the patient's eye is not detected;
- Pollinozny (hay fever) - is in the period of flowering of different plants, grasses and trees. Seasonal nature, slow. It begins acutely. Children often accompanied urticaria, Headache, angioedema, contact dermatitis;
- TB-allergic - characterized by the fact that at the same time affected the cornea and conjunctive skin covering the eyeball. It appears in response to an mycobacteria waste products tuberculosisWhich are carried by the blood throughout the body;
- Spring - appears only in the warm time of the year when a large number of sunlight. It is more common in boys between 5 and 12 years. This kind of disease is limbal mixed or konyunktivialnoy form. It can cause impairment of vision and corneal pathology; officinalis - develops with frequent use of eye drops. An ophthalmologist can see in the eyes of the mucous erosion, opacification of the vitreous;
- Atopic - often at asthma, dermatitis, Urticaria.
symptoms
Allergic conjunctivitis characterized by bilateral ocular lesion. A complete picture of symptoms may occur soon after exposure to the allergen, or a few days later (so called immediate reactions and delayed-type).
People from all forms of allergic conjunctivitis are experiencing severe itching and a burning sensation in both eyes. Although symptoms are usually in both eyes, in some cases, one eye may be struck by a greater extent than the other. The conjunctiva becomes red and sometimes swells, giving the eyeball swollen appearance.
By seasonal and perennial conjunctivitis appears a large amount of liquid, watery discharge, which sometimes may become viscous. Occasionally can worsen vision. Most people suffering from this disease, also notes the existence of the common cold. When vernal conjunctivitis, eye discharge thick like mucus. It, unlike other types of allergic conjunctivitis, often causes damage to the cornea and gives rise to painful ulcers. The last cause severe pain in the eye when looking at bright lights, and sometimes lead to permanent loss of vision.
What is allergic conjunctivitis: photo
The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in humans.
Diagnostics
When the above symptoms should seek medical attention. In most cases, further diagnosis and treatment is carried out with the allergist. Most often, the clinical picture is no doubt about the diagnosis. But in order to establish the cause of the inflammatory process and assign the correct treatment should undergo diagnostic procedures.
During the examination, the doctor must find out the personal and family history of the patient. After that, a specialist may prescribe such laboratory and instrumental analyzes:
- microscopic examination of conjunctival scrapings;
- Exposure and Eliminatsionnye sample;
- prick test;
- other dermatological and allergy tests.
Such research methods allow not only accurate diagnosis, but also to identify the alleged allergen. If there is a suspicion of infection develop, then held bacteriological smear of conjunctival scrapings. Only on the basis of these analyzes can be assigned to the correct treatment of the patient.
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
The key to success of treatment of allergic conjunctivitis in adults is to quickly identify the allergen, and avoid contact with him. However, as practical experience shows, it is often impossible event.
Drugs used in the treatment of disease:
- "Ketotifen", "kromogeksal" - drops, eye stabilizing membrane;
- "Allegra", "Klargotin", "Lorizan" "Claritin" - protivogistaminnye medicament for ingestion;
- Histamine receptor blockers intended for persons over the age of twelve - "Gistimet" and "Opatanol";
- If the cornea becomes inflamed, the prescribed drop with a vitamin complex "Hilo - dresser";
- Eye drops 'High Chrome' (for children who have reached four years), "alomid" (over two years), "Lekrolin", "Ledoksamid" and "Crom allergen" are used for the stabilization of mast cells to help prevent the generation histamine;
- When dry eye prescribers replacing lacrimal fluid "Oksial", "Alcon Pharmaceuticals", "Sisteyn Gel", "Sisteyn Balance", "Oftogel", "Vidisik", "Optiv";
In severe disease doctor usually appoints preparations containing dexamethasone, kidrokortizona or diclofenac.
Treatment of seasonal conjunctivitis - hay fever
Avoid flowering weeds, cereals, virtually all trees is unreal, and therefore children, and adults often pollinozny conjunctivitis begins with acute burning sensation, photophobia, itching and lacrimation. What to do, than to treat allergic conjunctivitis?
Therapy consists in the following:
- Eye drops and Allergodil spersallerg. Within 15 minutes there comes relief of symptoms, especially in spersallerg because there vasoconstrictor drugs in its composition.
- At the beginning of allergy drip 3-4 p / day, then 2 p / day. If the allergy is severe, possible use of oral antihistamines tablets.
- In such conjunctivitis, subacute or chronic course and a doctor appointed by the drops of allergic conjunctivitis, such as kromogeksal and alomid 3-4 p / day.
- Vasoconstrictor drops - Vizin alerzhdi.
Folk remedies
Allergic Conjunctivitis refers to diseases, to which traditional medicine is powerless. Various lotions, eye washing decoction of herbs and other "old wives 'methods' do not help relieve symptoms and, especially, to work on the cause. The only thing that can be achieved with such self-treatment - is to provoke and cause exacerbation of infectious complications.
Prediction and prevention
In most cases, when establishing and elimination of the allergen, allergic conjunctivitis forecast favorable. If untreated, the infection may join with the development of secondary herpetic or bacterial keratitis, reduced visual acuity.
In order to prevent allergic conjunctivitis possible should avoid contact with the known allergens. In seasonal allergic conjunctivitis forms necessary to carry out preventive courses of desensitizing therapy. Patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis should be seen by an ophthalmologist and an allergist.
