From the Latin "angina", ie the verb ango, translated as choke or compress, which is not quite reflects the essence of the disease. After all, inflamed tonsils basically, and this process is rarely accompanied by a state of suffocation. Therefore, a more correct to call it a state of tonsillitis.
What it is?
Tonsillitis - an inflammation of the tonsils. distinguished experts quinsy and chronic. If an acute inflammation of the tonsils caused by a bacterial flora (eg, staphylococci or streptococci), then this form of the disease is often called sore throat.
Causes of
Tonsillitis causes are various pathogens:
- streptococci in the throat;
- candida;
- Moraxella;
- herpes viruses;
- chlamydia;
- staphylococci;
- adenoviruses;
- pneumococci;
- Epstein-Barr virus.
Factors that contribute to the disease:
- trauma;
- mouth breathing;
- decreased immunity;
- hypothermia;
- long-term inflammation in the nose or in the mouth.
Classification
Tonsillitis is acute or chronic.
Acute tonsillitis (angina), depending on the clinical features are divided into the following forms:
- Bluetongue - the easiest, with the necessary treatment quickly.
- Lacunar - mucosa is covered with pus-filled indentations, which can cover the entire surface of the tonsils.
- follicular - form small size of the cavity filled with pus.
- Abscess - a red lesion of the tonsils and enlarged, is formed purulent plaque, under which the tonsil tissue may melt, forming cellulitis.
- Fibrinous - tonsils covered yellowish film, which may extend beyond the tonsils.
- HSV - bubbles are formed, which gradually abscess, dry up, covered with crusts. Accompanied by abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, diarrhea.
- Necrotizing - tonsils covered with sores under which die off the fabric, if they tear off there will be blood. Plaque or greenish gray, putrid breath.
Chronic tonsillitis may be simple and toxic-allergic. Simple chronic tonsillitis manifested only local symptoms, toxic-allergic accompanied by significant deterioration of general condition of the body (lymphadenitis complications of the cardiovascular system, joints, kidneys and etc.)
symptoms of tonsillitis
Common symptoms of tonsillitis in adults are:
- swelling of the tonsils, soft palate, uvula;
- the presence of plaque, sometimes there are sores;
- signs of intoxication: pain in the muscles, the joints, the head;
- malaise;
- pain when swallowing;
- diarrhea, vomiting (often the angina symptoms occur in young children).
The incubation period for tonsillitis can last from 6-12 hours to 2-4 days. The deeper amazed fabric, the more difficult the disease occurs, longer progression-infectious inflammation and a higher risk of developing complications. In children, the most frequent form of catarrhal angina, which without effective treatment measures can pass into the follicular stage or chronic tonsillitis.
Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by periodic exacerbations (after exposure to cold, emotional stress, and other factors). Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis less pronounced than in acute. Pain and the temperature is usually not available, can only be a slight pain when swallowing, there is a feeling sore throat, bad breath. General body condition deteriorates, but this is less marked than in acute tonsillitis.
A characteristic symptom of tonsillitis is a noticeable increase in the tonsils. In acute tonsillitis tonsils are bright red in color, in chronic - congestive red. Depending on the form of the disease may be coated almonds coating, films, pustules, ulcers.
What is tonsillitis: photo
The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in adults.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is based on the characteristic symptoms tonsillitis, common and mostly local. When heavily flowing acute tonsillitis during or persistent chronic tonsillitis carried bacteriological study (bakposev) content of lacunae of tonsils in order to identify the pathogen, as well as immunological blood analysis.
complications
Launched tonsillitis may cause the development of other diseases, disability and even death. At the same time, doctors divide its complications:
- early - they appear before a full recovery. Most often it is purulent capsule in the throat, inflammation of the surrounding organs and tissues, which can develop into sinusitis, otitis, Purulent lymphadenitis, peritonzillit, meningitis or mediastinitis (oozing of pus in the thoracic cavity).
- late - they can occur in a few weeks. it glomerulonephritis, Rheumatic heart disease or rheumatoid arthritis.
tonsillitis treatment
Acute viral tonsillitis. If inflammation of the tonsils caused by banal SARS, The treatment of adults carried out as follows:
- Drinking plenty of fluids, mainly lacto-vegetarian diet, rest.
- Frequently rinse decoction of herbs anti-inflammatory and antiseptic solutions. Usually it rivanol, chlorhexidine, iodinol, decoctions of sage, calendula, chamomile.
- Resorption tablets (candies) that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic action: lisobakt, Lizak (active substance - lysozyme) strepsils, través and others.
- Antibacterial agents with a viral sore throat are appointed in cases where the joined secondary infection.
- When the temperature rises more 38,50S - antipyretics. In this case, preference is given to drugs that contain acetaminophen or ibuprofen (Nurofen). It is strictly forbidden to give children aspirin as a medication that reduces the temperature. If the temperature remains high, the adult patients and children from 12 years your doctor may prescribe nimesulide (nimesil, nimegezik), and at a younger age - analginum dimedrolom or its analogs.
Acute bacterial tonsillitis. It uses all the same drugs as in viral tonsillitis, and performs the required treatment with antibiotics, which are selected based on the sensitivity of a particular pathogen.
Among the means of antibiotic therapy, doctors most often prescribe:
- klavulonoy acid with amoxicillin (Augmentin, amoxiclav, flemoklav and others);
- cephalosporins (cephalexin, ceftriaxone);
- macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin);
- fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, tsiprolet).
Antibiotics can be administered both inside and in the form of injections. Often the treatment of tonsillitis in children carried protected amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides.
Acute tonsillitis is caused by a fungal infection. Treatment of tonsillitis caused by fungi, usually begins with the abolition of antibacterial agents that enhance mucosal dysbiosis. Instead, depending on the severity of the disease, administered protivomikoticheskie means - nystatin, hinozol, levorin (this may be preparations for oral administration or local treatment of the throat). In addition to periodically lubricate tonsil aqueous solutions of aniline dyes, such as methylene blue.
Folk remedies
Traditional methods for the treatment of tonsillitis consist in applying various infusions and decoctions for gargling.
- Basil oil is treated with inflamed tonsils.
- To improve immunity to take decoction of marshmallow, chamomile, horsetail.
- To rinse can use broth burdock, oak bark, hypericum, raspberry, propolis tincture, poplar buds, sage, apple vinegar with water, cranberry juice with honey and even warm champagne.
- To cure the disease at home help nasopharyngeal lavage warm salt water. It is drawn in through the nose, pinching turns left and right nostril, and then spit out.
- Improve the condition of the patient and help the salt dressings cabbage compresses on the area of the throat, as well as onion inhalation.
Chronic tonsillitis treated folk remedies for 2 months, then make a break for two weeks and repeat the same procedure, but with the other ingredients. People's treatment of tonsillitis should be undertaken only after consultation with a specialist. If the expected result is missing or appear side-effects, the unconventional treatment should be stopped.
Forecast
In most cases, acute tonsillitis, provided that all recommendations of the doctor comes a full recovery. Very rarely observed the transition of disease into a chronic form. Its danger is that it is less treatable. Therefore, all the therapy reduces to introducing it into permanent remission stage.
Unfavorable forecasts have frequent tonsillitis with complications, as in this case, full control over the process of their course impossible.
prevention
Preventive measures occurrence of tonsillitis should include measures to prevent the occurrence of angina and the proper treatment of the disease:
- Remediation nasopharynx and the oral cavity;
- Limiting contact with recently been ill or diseased;
- Avoiding overheating and overcooling;
- Warning colds (especially during seasonal exacerbations);
- Measures to strengthen the immune system: regular exercise, proper nutrition, hardening, walks in the fresh air.
Complete rest, avoiding stress and adherence of the day will help to prevent disease and strengthen the body's defenses.
