Logomassage for children at home. What is it, how to do with dysarthria, stuttering, ZRR, hypotonia

With delayed speech and articulatory disorders in children, along with drug therapy, they resort to the logomassage technique. At home, you can use the simplest exercises, but for some types of speech therapy treatment, the masseur cannot do without completing special courses.

Goals of speech therapy massage

Logomassage is a set of effective techniques that helps your child learn the correct pronunciation of sounds. This method involves the systematic implementation of certain exercises throughout the course. speech therapy, as a result of which the muscles involved in speech become more active, work more productively.

Logomassage for children at home or in a medical institution is prescribed by a specialist on an individual basis. For each patient, specific exercises are selected, aimed at influencing one or another group of facial muscles.

The purpose of speech therapy massage is to teach the child the skills to manage facial muscles. In the course of the exercises, the muscles of the oral cavity and the face used in speech alternately relax and tone.

The massage has a beneficial physiological effect on the entire body, improving the secretory functions of the skin, activating the outflow of blood and lymph. Thanks to logomassage, metabolic processes and tissue trophism are stabilized. During the procedures, the blood vessels dilate slightly, which allows oxygen to reach the cells much faster.

In addition to these advantages, it is worth noting that speech therapy massage affects muscle tissue, making them more elastic and efficient. This has a positive effect on their contractile function and the rate of recovery of activity after exertion.

Indications

Physical impact on the muscles of the face and oral cavity in the form of speech therapy massage is shown in the absence of articulation motor skills and weak mobility of facial muscles, tongue, cheeks. Thus, exercise is recommended not only for children, but also for adults (for example, after a stroke or traumatic brain injury).

The main indications for logomassage at an early age:

• dysarthria, in which the innervation of the speech apparatus is disturbed;
• rhinolalia, caused by defects in the structure of the ligaments and muscles of the oral cavity;
• dyslalia against the background of a shortened sublingual ligament;
• birth trauma;
• congenital defects of the mouth, lips, tongue;
• stuttering;
• cerebral paralysis.

Most often, logomassage is performed for children with dysarthria. Difficulties in pronouncing certain sounds are often caused by damage to the posterior and subcortical brain structures.

With timely correction, this problem can be easily eliminated. To give the child the correct articulation with this diagnosis, speech therapists often prescribe treatment programs according to the methods of doctors Arkhipova, Dyakova, Novikova.

The second common reason for taking a course of log massage is cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy). With an increase in the general muscle tone, the child has difficulties not only in terms of physical activity, but also verbal communication.

Also, logomassage can be used as an element of a rehabilitation program after a surgical treatment of physiological defects in the oral cavity and maxillofacial area (cleft lip, cleft palate, short bridle). Before starting speech therapy, the child should receive a consultation from a neurologist to obtain a conclusion about the absence of contraindications.

Limitations and precautions

Despite the fact that speech therapy massage is an effective and safe auxiliary method of therapy for speech disorders, there are contraindications to its use.

Doctors refer to them:

• epilepsy;
• infectious diseases (respiratory viral, dermatological);
• stomatitis;
• lymphadenitis;
• conjunctivitis.

The lesson is stopped if the child develops a tremor of the chin, the nasolabial "triangle" begins to turn blue. Also, do not massage at elevated body temperature and general malaise.

Important rules for log massage and conditions for carrying out at home

Massage sessions for a child are allowed to be carried out independently, subject to a number of conditions.

The most common recommendations for teaching at home are:

• Speech therapist consultation. It is advisable that the first time the massage was performed by a specialist or by the parent himself, but under the supervision of a doctor.
• Compliance with the regime. The procedure is not carried out if less than 2 hours have passed since the last meal.
• Preparing for the session. Before the massage at home, it is necessary to ventilate the room, perform the necessary hygiene procedures.
• Body position. During classes, the child can choose a lying position or a half-sitting position.
• A combination of several techniques. During classes, exercises should be combined for several parts of the articulatory apparatus at once (lips, palate, lower jaw, tongue), alternately changing movements. Speech therapy massage involves patting, stroking, pinching, zigzag and spiral effects.
• Warm up. Logomassage should always begin and end in the same way - stroking.
• Multiplicity of exercises. Each movement is repeated at least 7-10 times. At least 5-7 exercises are performed in one session.
• Duration of the procedure. At the initial stage, the session is given at least 5 minutes, gradually increasing the time to 15-20 minutes.
• Schedule. Classes should be carried out according to the prescription of a speech therapist-defectologist daily or every other day for 20-30 days. The course can be repeated several times, but each time you should take a break of 2-3 months.
• Monitoring the child's condition. During the session, you need to carefully monitor that he does not experience discomfort, fatigue, painful sensations.

Logomassage for children at home can give a noticeable breakthrough in speech development, but not worth it neglect systematic visits to the doctor, who should note the dynamics of changes and make adjustments to treatment plan.

Massage types

Due to the use of several different massage techniques at once, as a rule, muscle tone decreases faster, spasms are eliminated. Logomassage helps muscles adapt to active voluntary or coordinated movements.

It is important to take into account that the body's response to massage is directly related to the strength of the impact. For example, when stroking, the excitability of the massaged area is minimized, and when tapping or pinching, on the contrary, it increases.

In practice, modern speech therapists use several massage techniques for children with speech problems.

Classic massage

Based on the name, it is easy to guess that traditional massage techniques are used here.

The person who deals with the child uses:

• rubbing;
• stroking;
• kneading;
• patting that creates vibration.

These 4 basic techniques can be classified according to the strength of the impact and the speed of movement. So deep and slow relax the muscles, and fast and superficial - increase its tone. To stop the spastic syndrome, strong vibration and stroking are used.

Hardware massage

Logomassage of this type for children, as a rule, is not carried out at home, since it requires the use of special equipment. The hardware method of treating speech disorders is one of the most effective. The massage device is equipped with various attachments for vibration and vacuum stimulation of the child's articulation apparatus.

Such devices can act on surfaces with different forces, depending on the set mode. Disinfect the instrument tips with a disinfectant solution before each use.

Acupressure

It is more correct to refer this technique to one of the types of reflexology, which consists in mechanical stimulation of biologically active areas in accordance with the indications. Point logomassage is distinguished by the possibility of various effects: by relaxing one muscle, at the same moment you can excite another part of the speech muscles.

The technique of performing the massage is selected on an individual basis. Sometimes, in order to achieve a pronounced effect, specialists use elements of cryotherapy, which involves cold stimulation of individual zones.

Probe massage

This is a special type of speech therapy procedure that is indicated for the normalization of speech motor skills. The author of this technique is the well-known speech therapist-defectologist E.V. Novikova The technique is considered to be very effective, despite its simplicity. Probe logomassage allows you to work exclusively with those areas of the articulatory organs that are disturbed and need stimulation.

The treatment speeds up the process of recovery or initial production of sound production.

For such a procedure, speech therapy instruments are used - probes, each of which differs not only externally, but also has a unique principle of action:

• thymus - is used to cut the tongue in order to awaken rhythmic muscle contractions, and then performing several rotational and oscillatory movements at a specific point for 4-6 with;
• probe-"eight" is used to press the tongue;
• probe-"sleigh" is a system of 3 devices that act on muscle fibers and nerve endings;
• probe-"hatchet" helps to make sliding and indentation;
• a cruciform probe can simultaneously push and push the tongue, causing muscle contractions.

Toothbrush massage

Speech therapy can be carried out with the help of improvised means. At home, logomassage for a child can be done with a toothbrush.

During the procedure, the following types of movements are used:

• longitudinal transverse stroking;
• rubbing is circular, spiral;
• shock pressure;
• continuous vibration.

The parent can use their perfectly washed finger instead of a toothbrush. If the child resists the massage, try to distract his attention with something tasty, dipping a brush or finger, for example, in sour cream or jam.

One of the sets of exercises looks like this:

1. With the outside of the brush without bristles, slowly brush 10 times from the center of the tongue to the periphery.
2. The same number of movements, but now from the tip to the middle, without exciting the root and without causing the child to vomit.
3. Brush along the entire length of the speech organ with light pressure along the lateral edges, rushing to the center.
4. Draw horizontal lines with a brush from the root of the tongue to the periphery.
5. Perform movements along a zigzag trajectory at least 7-10 times on the surface of the tongue and palate.

Spoon massage

This method of influencing the articulatory apparatus belongs to the types of facial massage. To give your child logomassage with spoons, you need to prepare devices with a smooth surface and repeat all the exercises at least 7 times. From the age of 3-4 years, children can do exercises with spoons themselves under the strict supervision of their parents.

Logomassage for children at home begins with placing one cutlery in each hand for the child.

If the child is not yet ready for self-massage, the adult needs to:

1. With convex parts, stroke the lines of the forehead.
2. Similar manipulations are carried out on the cheeks in a circular motion.
3. Then, with the edge of a spoon, draw a line from bottom to top along the cheeks.
4. Rub the upper lip with stroking movements with the tips of the instruments.
5. Perform kneading movements along the cheekbones, in the direction from the corners of the mouth to the temples.

Warm up before massage

Speech therapists do not recommend starting the lesson right away, bypassing the warm-up. This stage helps to create the correct emotional mood in the child, warm up the facial muscles and prepare the speech apparatus. Warm up should be carried out for several minutes every day.

It should consist of:

• breathing exercises;
• simple exercises that activate facial muscles.

Among the methods of conducting a speech therapy warm-up, the game is considered the most effective. For example, a child is asked to portray a specific character from a fairy tale or cartoon, using only the facial expressions of his face.

Speech therapy massage for dysarthria

Since this speech pathology in most cases is caused by microscopic damage to brain tissue, children with this diagnosis should be under constant supervision of a speech therapist-defectologist, study in a group or individually.

At home, logomassage is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Alternately kneading and stroking the forehead with the right hand using zigzag movements from the hairline to the bridge of the nose, and with the left - according to the same principle, but stimulate the zone from the center to the temples.
2. Kneading the nose. The back of the child's head should rest against the masseur's hand, while he creates the effect of vibration due to translational spiral movements from the wings to the base of the nose.
3. Rubbing the cheekbones. This stage is performed with both hands at the same time. The task of the masseur is to work out the zones from the lower jaw to the lower eyelid, affecting the areas of the ears and cheekbones. For this, only the thumb and forefinger are involved.
4. Vibration of facial muscles. The therapist stands behind the child, placing his fingers on both sides of the lower jaw, and creates a gentle vibration with rapid pulsating movements.
5. Tapping the nasolabial "triangle". Massage is done with a bent index finger, moving clockwise.

With hypotonia of the muscles of the tongue

Violation of tone in children is often manifested by a deterioration in the functionality of the muscles of the tongue. Moreover, hypertonicity is considered a more common problem in speech therapy. Low fiber excitability occurs, as a rule, in local lingual muscles (for example, at the root or tip of the tongue, right or left).

During a therapeutic massage, indicated for hypotonic tongue, you should pay attention to:

• direction of movement - they are made from the root to the periphery;
• strength of reception - exercises should be stimulating, be quite active and intense;
• rubbing and kneading are preferred techniques;
• increased salivation - before the massage, you should take care of measures to eliminate excess fluid in the oral cavity, which is often found with hypotonia of the tongue.

When stuttering

Logomassage for children at home with stuttering is carried out to reduce the degree of tension of the facial muscles, activate the speech centers and generally improve the condition. In choosing the appropriate technique, speech therapists often give preference to the classical one.

When stuttering, the child is massaged certain parts of the body to relax them. As a rule, these are tense cervical muscles and the shoulder girdle, which contribute to an increase in the tone of the root of the tongue and muscles of the muscles of the lower jaw.

Kneading the muscles of the skull, chest, back has a positive effect on articulation. Since with logoneurosis (this is the term doctors call stuttering), the goal is to activate metabolic processes, relax the muscles and improve blood circulation, a complex effect on the body is important child.

In addition to classical techniques, experts often resort to acupressure, which involves stimulating specific areas of the speech center, reducing the level of excitability. Treatment of logoneurosis with massage usually lasts 14-20 days. For the purpose of prevention, the course is carried out at least 2-3 times a year.

With ZRR

Logomassage for children with this diagnosis involves the use of traditional techniques. The impact on the muscles is carried out by stroking, kneading and vibration.

With a delay in speech development, you need to massage all parts of the face with the repetition of each movement 8-10 times:

• The forehead is stimulated with the palm, stroking movements directed from the middle to the temples, or with a vibration massager from the eyebrows to the top.
• Massaging the cheeks should be a slight pulling of the tissues from the corners of the mouth along the muscles directed towards the temples. Then stroking the areas from the cheekbones to the chin.
• The area of ​​the nose and nasolabial folds is affected by stroking and light vibration movements, moving to the corners of the mouth.
• The skin above the upper lip should be gently stretched and rubbed with your thumbs.

With cerebral palsy

Massage of the organs of the articulatory system is necessary to stimulate the peripheral part of the speech analyzer and the frontal lobe of the central nervous system. The main task that speech therapists who deal with such children set themselves is to improve the mobility of the tongue and lower jaw, the sensitivity of the palate, the inner side of the cheeks, and the larynx.

With cerebral palsy, probe massage is recommended with the capture of the chewing muscles and the circular muscle of the mouth. In the case of low mobility of the tongue, short or deformed hyoid ligament, circular movements are performed with alternating pressure on both sides of the lower jaw. It is also useful to pull the lips to strengthen their tone, tapping from the bottom up along the jaw-hypoglossal muscles.

Tongue massage with a probe should be preceded by the determination of points, the impact on which provokes a gag reflex, spasms or convulsions.

Home massage results

Classes with a child allow:

• normalize the work of the maxillofacial muscles;
• reduce the severity of speech defects in difficult cases;
• activate muscle groups with insufficient contractile ability that take part in the articulation process;
• achieve better coordination of movements of the child and strengthen the pharyngeal reflex.

Taking a course of logomassage for children, taking into account all the recommendations of a specialist, allows you to achieve a shift in the work of the articulatory apparatus and the development of speech even at home.

Video about log massage

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