Basalioma on the nose. Photo, treatment, cytological picture

Basalioma is a malignant neoplasm from the basal layer of the skin, which can be localized on the nose and other parts of the face, is accompanied by various symptoms and requires timely treatment. If you study the photo of the affected area, it can be noted that the external signs may differ in different patients. When a neoplasm appears, you must immediately visit a doctor who will determine the tactics of therapy.

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To date, experts distinguish several types of pathological education. Each of the species has its own characteristics and can proceed with some differences.

Nodal

The nodular form of pathology is spoken of in the case when a small nodule of light pink or pearlescent color forms on the skin of the nose or other parts of the face. It does not cause discomfort to the patient, and upon close examination, the vasculature can be seen.

The area of ​​the lesion is minimal, the increase in size is slow. This type of neoplasm is considered the most common today. Sometimes the color of the node changes to red, which is atypical and is observed in some patients. The edges of the knot are shallow, often distinct, and the surface is glossy. This distinguishes the focus from other types of neoplasm.

Superficial

A neoplasm of this type has a larger size, which reaches 40 mm in diameter. Pathology is considered less common, outwardly more like a spot that occurs when a patient develops pink lichen.

Unlike the nodular form, the superficial variety can be localized not only on the nose and other areas of the face. It is often found on the chest, legs and arms. When studying the lesion, you can see that ulcers appear in different parts of it, which heal after a while. After that, such ulcerations appear on other parts of the spot.

Like the nodal form of the pathology, the superficial basalioma grows rather slowly, which complicates the diagnosis.

Cicatricial

Basalioma on the nose (photos of lesions help assess the progression at different stages) can develop in the area of ​​the scar. The lesion has a gray-pink color, it is dense, the edges are irregular, the shape may differ depending on the size of the scar.

The growth of the cicatricial form of the pathology is slow, the peculiarity is that it is not so easy to determine the exact boundaries during diagnosis, which complicates the treatment.

Ulcerative

Another common type of neoplasm, which is characterized by the formation of a continuous ulcerative surface in the area of ​​the tumor. This type is considered the most dangerous, since the surface is often covered with crusts, the removal of which leads to the opening of the day of the ulcer.

In this case, the ulcerative surface is more susceptible to infection with a prolonged course of the pathological condition. Unlike other types of tumors, this type grows somewhat faster.

Stages and degrees

Depending on the symptomatology, its severity and the rate of progression, the disease can proceed in several stages. Each of them is characterized by certain manifestations that make it possible to clarify the degree of neglect of the pathology.

initial stage

At the initial stage, there are no symptoms. When examining the area of ​​the lesion, you can see a focus, the appearance of which depends on what type of lesion is the skin.

When touching the focus or squeezing it, the patient does not feel discomfort. Systemic disorders at this stage are also absent. Quite often, patients do not even notice the changes, especially in the case when the focus is small, localized on the wing of the nose, and earlier in this zone there was a pigmented spot or nevus.

Progressive stage

At this stage, the patient may develop local or systemic disorders. The growth of the tumor is somewhat accelerated, which is the reason for visiting a doctor for examination.

Sometimes at this stage general symptoms appear that complicate the course of the disorder. The appearance of the tumor differs depending on its type. At this stage, ulcers may develop in the affected area if the patient suffers from a nodular form of the disease. In some cases, the condition of the skin worsens in the affected area.

Running stage

Basal cell carcinoma on the nose can be severe if the pathology goes to an advanced stage. In the photo of such lesions, a change in the appearance of the focus and the skin around it is clearly visible. Additionally, patients suffer from systemic disorders, pain and irritation appear. Treatment at this stage is complicated, especially with late treatment and the appearance of concomitant complications.

Symptoms and Signs

Depending on the form of pathology and the severity of its manifestations, the clinical picture may differ.

The most common symptoms are:

• The appearance of a neoplasm in the nasal region. Its shape and size differs depending on the variety. Localization may also vary. In some, the tumor is located on one of the wings of the nose, while others mark its localization on the bridge of the nose. The most dangerous location is considered to be near the eyes.
• The gradual growth of the neoplasm and the appearance of a vascular network on its surface. This symptom is observed when diagnosing a nodular form.

  

• Ulceration on the lesion is observed with nodal and superficial types of pathology.
• The appearance of crusts on the affected area. This symptom indicates the progression of the pathology. After removing the crusts, you can see the bottom of the ulcer, the color of which is different.
• The release of a small amount of fluid from the affected area is observed with the development of an ulcerative form. In this case, the focus is weeping, it can be large. When you touch it, pain appears.
• An increase in body temperature is observed with the progression of pathology. The symptom acts as a response to the development of a neoplasm.
• Weakness and fatigue worries patients with an advanced course of the disorder.

Usually, symptoms are limited to manifestations of the skin in the affected area, systemic reactions are considered atypical for patients, but can develop in the case of a prolonged course of the violation and the lack of timely treatment.

Causes

Basalioma on the nose (photos of lesions are often studied by specialists to assess the state of tissues after therapy) can occur against a background of various factors. To date, doctors have not been able to determine the exact cause that leads to the formation of the tumor. However, it is noted that it is more often diagnosed in patients over 40 years old, with most of them being men.

There are other reasons that can provoke the appearance of a malignant neoplasm:

• Prolonged exposure to open sunlight. The use of sunscreen helps to minimize the negative effects.
• The presence of freckles, numerous moles and age spots. Such lesions are considered benign, but under certain circumstances and against a background of constant exposure to sunlight, it is possible to change the structure of tissues and the appearance of malignant tumors.
• Decreased immunity. Patients who suffer from pathologies that negatively affect the immune system are more likely to suffer from basal cell carcinoma.
• Long-term patient contact with oil and tar products due to professional activities. This cause does not always lead to the appearance of a tumor, but is considered a common predisposing factor.
• Acute reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight. Often, the skin reacts with redness and even severe burns. Such patients are more likely to suffer from the disease.
• Burns and frostbite. Damage to the skin leads to a change in the structure of cells, which can increase the risk of developing neoplasms.
• The presence of trophic ulcers, areas of seborrhea or other skin diseases in the nose.
• Keloid scars.
• Syphilitic skin lesions.

Risk factors include skin injuries in the nose, as well as the use of some techniques of hardware cosmetology.

Diagnostics

Basalioma on the nose (a photo of the affected area does not help to accurately indicate the degree of tissue damage) is diagnosed using several methods, each of which is important.

Method	Features of the	Venue and cost
General examination and questioning	The first standard diagnostic method, during which the doctor examines the affected area, determines the size of the neoplasm. An obligatory step is to interview the patient. The doctor specifies the time of the onset of symptoms, conditions, and also studies the patient's anamnesis	The examination is carried out free of charge in different clinics
Blood test in the laboratory	A laboratory blood test to determine general and biochemical parameters is considered important for patients. The specialist determines the main indicators of blood, and also assesses the work of internal organs thanks to biochemical research	It is carried out in different clinics. In a private institution, the cost is approximately 500-600 rubles.
MRI	An additional diagnostic method, involving the study of tissues using a special device to clarify the diagnosis	It is carried out in clinics with special equipment. The cost ranges from 1500-2500 rubles.
Biopsy followed by histological examination of the material	The most important stage of diagnostics, which involves the collection of a small amount of material, followed by its examination in laboratory conditions. Histological diagnosis involves the preliminary placement of the material in a special liquid. After that, microscopic sections are made, studied using special devices.	The cost of diagnostics differs depending on the clinic. Usually it is carried out in different institutions. The average price is 700-1500 rubles.

The most effective method is the histological examination of biological material. It allows you to clarify the degree of tissue damage and the level of risk to the patient. But the full picture of the pathology can be seen only after receiving the results of all studies.

Treatment methods

Therapy of pathology involves the use of several methods, depending on the stage and the presence of concomitant complications. Surgical treatment is considered radical and most effective, but medications can be used to alleviate the condition.

Surgical therapy

Excision of a neoplasm within healthy tissues is today considered the most effective diagnostic method with minimal risk of recurrence. Manipulation involves the removal of the neoplasm, followed by the imposition of a special bandage to exclude tissue infection.

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the doctor selects the most convenient method of pain relief. In most cases, general anesthesia is used, as local anesthesia in the face area provokes severe discomfort. It is used only when general anesthesia is contraindicated for the patient for any reason.

After anesthesia, the affected area is treated with special solutions to prevent infection. Excision of the neoplasm is done within healthy tissues. To accurately determine the border of the tumor, the doctor uses a special device to study the basal cell carcinoma. During the recovery period, medications can be used to eliminate pain and prevent the development of inflammation, but the scheme in each case is determined individually.

Medications

Basalioma on the nose (the doctor makes a photo of the affected area after removal to assess the condition of the tissues and monitor them recovery) can be treated with some local remedies, if its size is small, there are no ulcerations and others complications.

Systemic chemotherapy does not bring a pronounced result, but provokes many side reactions, therefore, the prescription of chemotherapy drugs for topical use is considered the best solution.

The most effective of them:

• Colchamin ointment has an antitumor effect due to the presence of colhamine and some antiseptic components in the composition. It is considered effective, helps to shorten the recovery period, stops the development of neoplasms, and prevents complications. A small amount of the medicine is applied to the affected area, after which the affected area is sealed with a plaster. The dressing is changed daily and a fresh layer of ointment is applied after preliminary removal of the debris and particles of the disintegrating tumor. Usually, the destruction of the neoplasm begins on days 10-12, the average duration of therapy is 25 days. In some cases, application is required within 30-35 days.
• Podophyllin in powder form contains plant extracts with cytostatic properties. On the basis of the powder, a solution is prepared with which the affected areas are treated for 2-4 weeks, depending on the severity of the manifestations. The drug helps to speed up the process of destruction of pathological foci, is effective when their size is small. Dilution of the agent to the desired concentration is carried out only as directed by a doctor. In each case, the doses may be different, so there are no standard recommendations for everyone.
• 5-fluorouracil ointment has antitumor properties and can be used when small basal cell carcinomas appear. The drug not only inhibits the process of tumor development, but also leads to its destruction. Treatment of the lesion is carried out 2 times a day, the course of therapy lasts up to 4 weeks, but is determined in each case individually. It is allowed to seal the site of the focus with a plaster to prevent the addition of infection after the beginning of the destruction of the neoplasm.
• Amoxil - an antibacterial medication that can be prescribed after surgical removal of the tumor in order to prevent the addition of infection. The drug in tablet form is taken 1 tablet in the morning and in the evening for 1-2 weeks.
• Ibuprofen can be prescribed for the purpose of lowering body temperature and pain relief. Tablets are used 2 times a day, 1 piece. The duration of admission depends on the severity of the symptoms, usually 3-6 days are enough to obtain a pronounced therapeutic result.

In each case, the therapy is selected individually. Additional medications, the action of which is not aimed at destroying the tumor, are also selected depending on the general condition. Folk remedies and other methods are not used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, since they are not effective, and in some cases they can even harm the patient.

Potential consequences and complications

In most cases, the prognosis for patients is favorable, even when treatment is started at an advanced stage of the pathological condition.

Lack of therapy can lead to various complications:

• Spread of the tumor to healthy tissue.
• Damage to the eyes, sinuses.
• The spread of the tumor to cartilage and even bone tissue. Such complications are very rare.

Basalioma does not lead to the appearance of metastases in other tissues and organs. That is why the prognosis for patients with proper treatment is favorable.

Basalioma is a malignant neoplasm of the basal layer of the skin, which can be localized on the nose, other parts of the face and body, accompanied by various abnormalities. Pathology has several stages and varieties, it is treated mainly by surgery. When studying photos of lesions, it can be noted that some types are mild, which increases the likelihood of successful treatment and reduces the risk of relapse.

Video about basal cell carcinoma on the nose

Reconstructive surgery for skin cancer on the nose: