Antiglaucoma eye drops Xalatan (Xalatan) is prescribed in ophthalmology to relieve intraocular pressure. Due to its high efficiency and safety, this affordable drug is successfully used in both adult and pediatric practice.
Record content:
- 1 Chemical composition
- 2 Mechanism of action
- 3 Who are shown?
- 4 Side effects
- 5 Application rules
- 6 Instruction for children
- 7 special instructions
- 8 Drug interactions
- 9 Reception during pregnancy and lactation
- 10 Overdose symptoms
- 11 Price, analogues
- 12 Storage rules
- 13 Video about Xalatan drops
Chemical composition
The main active ingredient of the drug is latanoprost (0.005%), an ophthalmic agent on a chemical basis for topical application (instillation into the eyes). It is an artificial analogue of the physiologically active substance prostaglandin, which is produced in the human body.
Latanoprost is a prodrug, the substance itself is inactive. When it gets on the mucous membrane of the eye, it decomposes under the influence of moisture into active compounds and begins to act. Enhances the outflow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the organ of vision through the vascular network. This stabilizes intraocular pressure.
Auxiliary components in the solution:
| Component | Description |
| Sodium chloride | Decongestant in ophthalmology. |
| Sodium hydrogen phosphate | Emulsifier |
| Sodium monohydrate | Water-retaining agent, prevents droplets from drying out. |
| Benzalkonium chloride | Antimicrobial preservative |
| Water for injections | Solvent of the base substance. |
Xalatan is available as eye drops for use in the conjunctival sac. The solution is colorless, does not contain inclusions, flakes, sediment. Has no haze, odor.
The medicine is sold in plastic dropper bottles with a volume of 2.5 ml, a cap with a first opening control. One carton pack contains 1 or 3 bottles. The average cost of Xalatan is from 725 rubles. (1 pc.) Up to 1870 rubles. (3 pcs.).
Mechanism of action
Xalatan - eye drops, the price and effectiveness of which distinguish it from analogues, antiglaucoma drug that reduces intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.
The use of the agent has the following effect on the structures of the visual apparatus:
- When it enters the conjunctiva, it binds to receptors that produce prostaglandin, and provokes a biological response.
- After the reaction, the outflow of intraocular fluid through the capillaries and the reticular formation between the edge of the iris and the posterior wall of the cornea increase.
- By accelerating the outflow, intraocular pressure is reduced.
- The medicine does not affect the amount of moisture produced inside the eye.
- The pressure begins to decrease 3 hours after instillation, the optimal effect is achieved after 10-12 hours and remains unchanged throughout the day.
- The active substance is absorbed into the systemic circulation in a minimal amount, which does not affect the work of the heart and lungs.
- The chemical compound is broken down in the liver, excreted by the kidneys.
Who are shown?
Xalatan - eye drops, the price of which allows all categories of citizens to purchase the product, is a highly effective ophthalmic agent for the treatment of glaucoma.
Doctors also prescribe it to be used to reduce intraocular pressure in children from 12 months and adults.
The medicine is used for such pathological conditions:
- primary open-angle glaucoma - damage to the optic nerve, loss of visual fields with an open angle of the anterior chamber of the eye;
Xalatan is indicated for glaucoma - increased ophthalmotonus - pressure in the eyeball;
- childhood (congenital) glaucoma, diagnosed up to 3 years;
- high intraocular pressure after peripheral laser iridotomy in the surgical treatment of angle-closure glaucoma.
Side effects
Absolute contraindications for prescribing the drug:
- individual intolerance to the solution;
- high sensitivity to certain substances;
- children under 1 year old.
Relative contraindications (use with caution):
- a history of severe allergic reactions - anaphylaxis, angioedema;
- lack of a lens;
- rupture of the lens capsule;
- cystic edema of the central retinal zone;
- inflamed secondary glaucoma associated with vascular proliferation of the anterior chamber angle and iris;
- active or recurrent form of herpetic keratitis (viral inflammation of the cornea);
- predisposition to the development of inflammation of the iris or choroid of the eyes;
- exacerbation of bronchial asthma - the drug can provoke an attack of suffocation;
- preoperative period before cataract surgical treatment.
Xalatan - eye drops, the price of which is quite reasonable, because the drug is manufactured in Belgium, where the level of quality control of drug production is very high.
When using the drug, the following side effects from the structures of the visual apparatus may appear:
- allergic irritation of the conjunctiva - burning, redness, feeling of sand or a foreign body in the eye, swelling;
- pain in the eye socket;
- inflammation of the edges of the eyelids;
- microscopic corneal erosion;
- change in the color of the iris, increased pigmentation;
- accumulation of fluid around the eyes, in the eyelids;
- conjunctivitis;
- changes in the structure of eyelashes - looseness of hairs, increased growth, an increase in the number of cilia, a change in direction, the appearance of an additional row;
- drying out of the mucous membrane;
- fear of sunlight (photophobia);
- fog before the eyes;
- herpetic lesion of the cornea;
- blockage of the retinal arteries, followed by its detachment;
- in patients with diabetes mellitus, vitreous hemorrhage.
Xalatan eye drops (Xalatan) can cause negative effects on the part of other organs and systems:
- nervous system - migraines, dizziness;
- respiratory system - bronchospasm, shortness of breath with minor physical exertion (walking);
- musculoskeletal system - pain in skeletal muscles, joints;
- skin - rashes, eyelid pigmentation, toxic dermatitis;
- chest pain of unknown origin;
- in children - fever, inflammation of the nasal passages, pharynx.
If the clinical dose is not exceeded, latanoprost has no side effects on the bronchopulmonary system, heart, and large vessels. The cost of a medicine depends on the region of the country, but starts at about 725 rubles. per packing.
Application rules
The schemes for using the drug in adults and the elderly are as follows:
- Standard therapy involves instilling 1 drop into the sore eye 1 time per day. It is better to use it in the morning, then the maximum therapeutic effect is achieved by the evening.
- With clean hands, remove the protective cap, take the bottle in your hand in a horizontal position.
- Bring the dropper to the eye, pull the lower eyelid with the fingers of the other hand.
- Gently squeeze 1 drop into the conjunctival sac (in the middle of the lower eyelid).
- Blink several times so that the solution is evenly distributed over the mucous membrane. Then press the eyelid in the area of the nasolacrimal canal (inner corner of the eye) for 1 minute so that the medicine does not leak into the nasal cavity.
- If the patient has forgotten to instill an eye, then the next appointment should be according to the previously appointed schedule.
- You can not use the drug more than 1 time per day, since with frequent instillation, the effectiveness of removing intraocular pressure decreases.
- If a person wears contact lenses, they must be removed before instillation. You can put on optics no earlier than 15 minutes after the procedure.
- If several types of eye drops of different effects are prescribed, they are instilled with an interval of 5 minutes.
Instruction for children
Xalatan drops are prescribed for children from 1 year. The treatment regimen is the same as for adults. How safe the drug is in this category of patients with long-term treatment has not been established.
Therefore, for the relief of primary glaucoma in children, surgical techniques are priority: trabeculotomy (removal of part of the vasculature) or goniotomy (dissection of adhesions in the anterior angle the eye chamber).
special instructions
Before starting treatment, the patient should be warned that eye drops can gradually change the color of the iris due to an increase in brown pigment. If only one eye is buried, persistent heterochromia appears - a different color of the iris (separate areas) of the right and left eyes.
This symptom is observed in people whose iris naturally has 2 colors - yellow-brown, gray-brown, green-brown, blue-brown. Color changes were recorded in patients during the first 8 months of treatment, less often in 1-4 years of therapy.
The natural color of the eyes is gradually restored. This is a lengthy process that takes 5 or more years. Residual effects in the form of increased iris pigmentation are observed in 33% of patients.
In 65-75% of cases, changes in the color of the iris are insignificant and not noticeable to others. A third of patients treated with Xalatan have persistent pigmentation. In most cases, these are people with yellow-brown eyes. Color changes are not observed in people with uniform gray, green, blue eyes.
The use of drops in the presence of freckles, nevi, moles on the iris does not affect the dynamics of neoplasms. The pigment does not accumulate in the anterior chamber of the eye, the vascular network.
Changes in the color of the iris do not affect vision, the general functionality of the visual apparatus, and do not cause clinical complications. If color changes have occurred, this is not considered a pathology and a reason to cancel treatment. Pigmentation does not affect visual acuity. In this case, the patient should undergo regular examinations and examinations by an ophthalmologist.
Extensive clinical studies have not been conducted when using Xalatan drops in the following conditions: open-angle glaucoma with clouding of the posterior lens capsule, chronic angle-closure, neovascular, pigmentary glaucoma. Therefore, drops are prescribed with caution to patients with such diagnoses. The solution may have little effect on the pupil.
Under the strict supervision of a physician, Kali is given to patients after cataract surgery. In ophthalmic practice, cases of macular edema (macular edema or central retinal zone) were recorded during treatment. The temporary limitation to use is viral keratitis in the active phase.
The excipient benzalkonium chloride, which is part of the solution, negatively affects the mucous membrane of the eyes in children. The preservative causes irritation, hyperemia, dry mucous membranes, insufficient production of lacrimal fluid. May lead to mechanical damage to the cornea.
Contact lenses absorb the preservative, so they should be removed and put on after 15 minutes before being instilled.
Drug interactions
You can not use Xalatan in conjunction with drops of a similar purpose (prostaglandins). 2 drugs of the same pharmacological action have the opposite effect - they rapidly increase intraocular pressure.
The product is incompatible with thiomersal - a mercury-containing chemical compound with antiseptic, disinfectant, antifungal properties. The substance is used in the composition of some ophthalmic medicines. Thiomersal, reacting, leads to precipitation and a decrease in the action of Xalatan.
Reception during pregnancy and lactation
The safety of the drug for pregnant women has not been established. The active substance has a teratogenic effect on the fetus and can lead to impaired intrauterine development.
There remains a risk of an unfavorable course of pregnancy, as well as complications during childbirth, both for the mother and the newborn. Therefore, the drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy.
Decomposition products of the drug penetrate into breast milk. Therefore, women are advised to suspend breastfeeding during treatment, and transfer the child to artificial nutrition.
Overdose symptoms
In case of an overdose of a medicinal solution, local symptoms are observed - eye irritation, redness of the mucous membrane, mild inflammation. The drug does not affect the general condition and quality of vision. If a single dosage is maintained, but the number of instillations is increased, this reduces the therapeutic effect of the drug.
In case of signs of an overdose, the ophthalmologist prescribes symptomatic treatment. To relieve edema, irritation, hyperemia, antiallergic eye drops are prescribed (Kromofarm, Kromohexal, Lekrolin, Kromodrops, Kromo Sandoz, Allergodil).
In case of accidental ingestion of drops into the digestive tract, no negative changes in the work of internal organs were observed. The appearance of symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract is possible only if the doses are excessively exceeded.
Drops cause nausea, dizziness, epigastric pain, excessive sweating, heat in the body, hot flashes, rapid physical fatigue. Symptomatic therapy - antipyretic, analgesic, antacids.
Price, analogues
Xalatan - eye drops, the price of which differs significantly in different regions of the country, a drug manufactured in Belgium. According to pharmacies in the Moscow region, Xalatan 0.005% 2.5ml eye drops are sold at a price of 725 rubles. for one package.
The tool has many analogues based on different active substances. Substitutes are chosen taking into account the active ingredients, the patient's age, and the severity of glaucoma.
Preparations based on latanoprost 0.005% (2.5 ml dropper bottles):
- Trilactan - they are buried at night, it is forbidden to use in pediatrics, they are prescribed only for adults. Manufacturer Russia, cost - 485 rubles. (1 PC.).
- Glauprost - drip in the evening for adults and children from 1 year old. Manufacturer - Romania, price - 1620 rubles. (3 pcs.), 680 rubles. (1 PC.).
- Xalatamax - is prescribed only for adults, the drug has a minimum set of side effects. Manufacturer - Croatia, cost - 1270 rubles. (3 pcs.), 525 rubles. (1 PC.).
- Prolatan - the solution is available in vials of 2.5 and 5 ml, prescribed from 1 year. Manufacturer - India, the price of 1 bottle of 2.5 ml - 520 rubles.
Preparations similar in action based on the substance bimatoprost. Distinctive features - they are prescribed only from the age of 18. The drops have serious side effects - increased blood pressure, impaired liver function, male-pattern hair growth in children and women.
Names of drops from intraocular pressure based on bimatoprost:
- Bimatan (India);
- Bimikan (Poland);
- Imoptic (Romania);
- Lumigan (Ireland).
Travoprost-based drugs are prescribed only for adults, not only for the treatment, but also for the prevention of glaucoma. The drugs often cause hypertension, chest pain, slow heart rate, and can provoke angina pectoris.
There were cases when patients had muscle back pain, arthritis, urinary incontinence, bronchitis, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. With long-term treatment, depression develops.
The name of the eye drops with the active substance travoprost:
- Daveris (Romania);
- Travatan (Belgium / Switzerland);
- Travapress Rompharm (Romania);
- Travonex (Greece);
- Travoprost (India).
Storage rules
The shelf life of drops is 3 years from the date of release. The bottle is stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8 ° C until the first opening.
After opening, the solution is stored at room temperature in a place protected from sunlight, out of reach of children. The shelf life of an open drug is 28 days (4 weeks). The drug Xalatan (Xalatan) is the safest eye drops for relieving high intraocular pressure and treating glaucoma.
The remedy does not have a severe negative effect on the body, therefore it can be prescribed to children, the elderly and debilitated patients, according to the prescription of the attending physician. The effectiveness, safety and cost of the product distinguish it among its counterparts.
Author: Natalia Avramenko
Video about Xalatan drops
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