Diseases of the cardiovascular system (or abbreviated CVD - cardiovascular diseases) - some of the most common among people all over the world. Such pathologies are caused by atherosclerotic lesions of the main arteries - coronary and brain, arising due to various violations of the normal functioning of arteries, valves, blood vessels, heart muscle, acquired or congenital character.
While working, a person gets tired, so he needs timely rest. If you continue to work further, without rest, overwork will come and the body will be harmed, which can lead to a painful condition. Feeling tired is a kind of signal to rest.
The famous physiologist A. BUT. Ukhtomsky believed that the feeling of fatigue is “a natural warning about“ Incipient fatigue ”. The usual (normal) fatigue that occurs during work goes away after rest, leaving no harmful consequences.
If the workload exceeds the strength of a person, fatigue sets in, the nervous system and human strength are depleted, and then even a long rest does not fully restore working capacity. Rest is necessary because there is work — rest is sufficient, timely and well-organized; as well as work, rest is one of the most important means of preserving and strengthening human health, increases his working capacity.
Physiological studies have shown that the central nervous system needs rest first of all. Periodic rest is important for the nervous system: it protects the nerve cells from exhaustion.
The works of Pavlov, his students and other scientists have established that the highest department of the central nervous system is the cerebral cortex. the brain controls and regulates all processes occurring in our body, establishes a connection between the body and the environment environment; balancing and adapting it to the surrounding world at any given moment.
Thanks to the work of the cerebral cortex, a person analyzes and synthesizes all the phenomena that occur both in the world around him and in the body itself.
Systematically studying the patterns of formation and consolidation, appearance and disappearance of conditioned reflexes, I. NS. Pavlov came to the conclusion that the complex work of the brain to control vital functions the body is carried out due to two main processes in the cerebral cortex - arousal and braking.
Although both of these processes are active, they turn into one another, nevertheless, there is a continuous struggle between them: they seem to restrain and balance each other.
Record content:
- 1 Nutrition, diet
- 2 Salt
- 3 Vitamins
- 4 Dream
- 5 Prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Nutrition, diet
The daily diet should be distributed as follows:
- at 7-8 o'clock in the morning (before leaving for work), you need to consume 25-30% of the daily amount of poverty;
- at 12 o 13 o'clock (at work) - lunch - 15-20%;
- at 16-17 hours - lunch - 60-40%;
- 20 - 21 hours (no later than 2 hours before bedtime) a light dinner containing 10% of the daily diet.
Persons prone to overweight need to limit the use of white bread, sugar, mealy and sweet foods. Overweight patients may be prescribed "fasting days" as prescribed by a doctor. In conclusion, it is appropriate to give some data on the set of dietary products.
Salt
As for the salts, it has been established that sodium chloride (table salt), when consumed in greater quantities than non-fatty ones. For normal nutrition (more than 15-16 grams per day), promotes the development of hypertension; it inhibits excitatory processes in the cerebral cortex and irritates the subcortical centers. The food of a patient with hypertension should contain no more than 5 grams of sodium chloride per day, i.e. food should be slightly salty to taste.
Vitamins
Experimental and clinical-experimental studies have shown that the diet should include various vitamins (A, Bi, B2, PP, C).
To prevent atherosclerosis and hypertension, it is necessary to introduce a sufficient amount of vitamin C or ascorbic acid into the body.
This reduces the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood and thus prevents its deposition in the walls of the arteries.
Dream
The main physiological process that develops in nerve cells is excitement. Continuous and prolonged excitement depletes the nerve cell. But before it comes to exhaustion, excitement is replaced by another physiological process - inhibition; it ensures the rest of the nerve cell.
The familiar form of such inhibition is sleep. This is the most necessary type of rest for the nervous system, without which it cannot function properly. Lack of sleep and other types of rest is often a source of diseases, severe disorders of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive and other systems.
Describing the meaning of sleep, I. NS. Pavlov wrote: "... sleep is inhibition, spreading to large areas of the hemispheres, to all hemispheres and even lower to the midbrain."
AND. NS. Pavlov proved that sleep is a protective inhibition. It creates conditions for physiological rest, restores the strength of brain cells, protecting them from exhaustion and damage.
Everyday experience and scientific evidence confirm that sudden sleep disturbance causes a disturbance in the normal activity of the cerebral cortex. This, in turn, leads to a violation of the correct function of various organs and makes a person disabled; on the contrary, sound, restful sleep improves physical and mental performance.
An adult's sleep should last at least 7-8 hours a day; a child aged 6-10 years - 11 hours, 10-11 years old - 11 hours, 11-12 years old - 10 hours, a teenager 12-13 years old - 10 hours, 14-15 years old - 10 hours.
On weekends, during the vacation period, it is advisable to lengthen the sleep of an adult to 9-10 hours a day, to allow the body to fully recuperate.
Lack of sleep negatively affects the nervous systemhowever, people often do not complain about it at all. Shortened sleep gradually turns into a habit for them, and only under special conditions, for example, with a long rest in a health resort, with reasonable physical education, helping to strengthen the body, they begin to sleep as much as is required for normal recreation.
It is very important to go to bed and wake up at the same time, then a healthy habit develops and becomes established. Observing the sleep regime, a person quickly falls asleep, sleeps soundly and wakes up always vigorous, healthy and efficient.
It is good to take a half-hour walk in the fresh air before bed.; it is necessary to ventilate the room, "let in" oxygen, which is essential for the normal functioning of the body: lack of oxygen during sleep leads to dysfunction of the body and primarily the central nervous system (headaches), cardiovascular (shortness of breath, palpitations) and dr.
You need to accustom yourself to sleep with the window open (so that you can breathe clean air all the time). Bad habit of waking up at night and smoking; intermittent sleep, especially in tobacco smoke, is not complete.
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases
As you know, if excitement arises in one place of the cerebral cortex, then inhibition will certainly appear in another part of it. Subsequently, the existence of such an interaction was also established between the cerebral cortex and the so-called subcortical centers lying below it; the active state of the cerebral cortex inhibits the function of the subcortical centers, and oppression and inhibition, on the contrary, enhances it.
This phenomenon, named by I. NS. Pavlov (by analogy with induction in physics) mutual induction, plays a huge role in the emergence, flow and the outcome of diseases of internal organs, including hypertension, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer and others.
When the action of the stimulus of the external or internal world exceeds the limit of endurance of brain cells and causes exhaustion, their indicated coordinated interaction between the processes of excitation and inhibition of the cerebral cortex is disrupted: the inhibitory effect of the latter on the subcortical centers that go out from under the influence of a regulatory body - the cerebral cortex - and begin to function chaotically, causing a number of dysfunctions of internal organs and systems, including cardiovascular systems.
Fear, depressing “impressions, heavy worries, grief, ie. negative affects and emotions, as well as trauma to the skull and brain - that's causes of disruption of the normal (coordinated) activity of the higher parts of the central nervous system - the cerebral cortex leading to neurosis.
This determines the basic principles of prevention of dysfunctions of higher nervous activity: a person should develop in such conditions so that the causes of these disorders of the activity of the nervous system could not take place or were timely eliminated.
Prevention of neuroses should begin in early childhood, raising the child correctly, taking care of the development of mental and physical abilities, its formation of a strong, balanced and well-mobile nervous system.
Such upbringing will be an important condition for prevention, in particular, for such a common disease as hypertensive “A disease that is at first a neurosis, an expression of impaired vascular innervation, impaired vascular tone.
The child should be included in the team as early as possible, this teaches him to respect the rules of community, develops in him love for people, sensitivity and understanding, mutual assistance in work and everyday life. This is one of the important conditions for a healthy social environment that promotes the development of a strong, balanced nervous system, which is necessary for the prevention of many diseases.
