Viral infections of the respiratory tract are diseases (for example, tracheitis, pneumonia, alveolitis) that develop as a result of the ingress and spread of pathogenic agents through the mucous membranes.
Often accompanied by severe symptoms, inflammatory processes. Antibiotics for viral infection help stop bacteria from multiplying. Otherwise, pathologies can lead to serious complications, up to and including death.
Record content:
- 1 Classification of drugs
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2 Top 10 best drugs
- 2.1 "Ampicillin"
- 2.2 Flemoxin
- 2.3 "Augmentin"
- 2.4 "Sumamed"
- 2.5 "Azithromycin"
- 2.6 Ceftriaxone
- 2.7 "Zinnat"
- 2.8 "Ofloxin"
- 2.9 "Tsiprinol"
- 2.10 "Tienam"
- 3 Video about antibiotics for a viral infection
Classification of drugs
Antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory pathologies are divided into 5 main groups. Available in several forms - for oral administration, injection. Drugs in each category are active against certain pathogens, differ in composition and effect.
| Group | general characteristics | Names |
| Penicillins | Preparations based on first generation antibiotics. They are based on a compound from a lactam ring. This violates the integrity of the cell membranes of pathogens, which causes their death. Penicillin-based antibiotics are considered the safest, least toxic.
However, bacteria are quickly addictive to them. Therefore, they are used only in short courses, rarely and immediately in large dosages. Antibiotics of the group are especially effective against gram-positive bacteria. |
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| Macrolides | Drugs in this category are slower than penicillin drugs. They do not kill bacteria, they only stop their reproduction. In the form of injections, macrolides are rarely prescribed, only in severe cases. At the same time, they can have an anti-inflammatory effect. |
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| Cephalosporins | Identical to the action of penicillins, but against other types of bacteria. Each new generation of drugs is more effective than the previous one, so the choice is made on the last one. They are distinguished by low toxicity and high activity against pathogenic bacteria, and are well tolerated. Cephalosporins for pathologies of the respiratory tract are prescribed more often than drugs from other groups. Most often they are used in the form of injections, after mixing the solution with novocaine or lidocaine. They differ in a small list of contraindications. |
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| Fluoroquinolones | Very strong antibiotics, which are prescribed for severe disease, when drugs from other groups are ineffective. They block the DNA hydration of bacteria, which reduces their activity and leads to death. Fluoroquinolones act against most pathogenic microorganisms. |
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| Carbapenems | They are highly active against most bacteria that are insensitive to other groups of antibiotics. Carbapenems spread quickly and take action. |
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An antibiotic for a viral infection for pregnant women is rarely prescribed. However, in critical cases, with a severe course of pathology in the first trimester, drugs from the group of penicillins are prescribed - "Ampicillin", "Flemoxin Solutab", "Amoxicillin". In the remaining period, cephalosporins can be prescribed - "Cefixime", "Cerufoxin", "Zinacefa".
However, for pregnant women, Bioparox is often the best solution. It comes in a vial and is used as an inhaler. Differs in a wide spectrum of action, providing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.
When using an antibiotic, it excludes its entry into the placenta and a negative effect on the fetus. The drug should be injected into the larynx 3-4 times a day, with an interval of 4 hours.
Top 10 best drugs
An antibiotic for a viral infection is prescribed depending on the causative agent of the disease. Based on this, a group of drugs is determined. Further, the choice depends on age, contraindications and possible side effects. Most often, one of the 10 antibiotics listed below is prescribed for treatment.
"Ampicillin"
The drug is active against a wide range of bacteria. Available in tablets, capsules or powder for the manufacture of suspensions. It breaks peptide bonds in the cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms.
Active against gram-positive and negative bacteria. It is especially effective in the treatment of otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis. Children can be given from 1 month, with caution indicated for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
The active ingredient is ampicillin. The dosage is selected depending on the age, comorbidities and the severity of the current disease. If the drug is given in tablets - 250-500 mg before meals, 4 times a day.
For small children weighing less than 20 kg - 12.5-25 mg / kg, with a break of 6 hours. If a suspension for injection is used, then the solution is mixed with 2 ml of novocaine or lidocaine. The dosage remains the same as in the tablets.
Antibiotics have the following indications for a viral infection:
- pyelonephritis;
- endocarditis;
- sinusitis;
- pneumonia;
- peritonitis;
- pharyngitis;
- septicemia;
- bronchitis;
- pasteurellosis;
- cholangitis;
- otitis;
- abscess;
- salmonellosis;
- infection of the urinary tract;
- gonorrhea;
- typhoid fever;
- chlamydia;
- meningitis;
- tonsillitis;
- cervicitis;
- erysipelas;
- dermatoses;
- dysentery;
- scarlet fever.
Contraindications:
- liver dysfunction;
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- colitis caused by other antibiotics;
- intolerance to penicillin;
- Infectious mononucleosis.
Possible side effects are peeling of the skin, mild itching, stool disturbances, convulsions. Urticaria, angioedema or rhinitis may appear. Sometimes antibiotics provoke abdominal pain, cramps, dry mouth. Much less common is fever, dermatitis, anaphylactic shock, or erythema.
From diseases, the drug can provoke the development of dysbiosis, nephritis, leukopenia or vaginal candidiasis. In case of an overdose, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, nervous overexcitement appear. Available in pharmacies with a prescription. Price - 30-230 rubles.
Flemoxin
A broad-spectrum antibiotic from the category of semi-synthetic penicillins. Release form - in tablets. Together with metronidazole, it destroys Helicobacter Pylori microorganisms.
The drug inhibits transpeptidase, prevents the production of peptidoglycan, which slows down the growth of pathogenic flora. It is more often prescribed for respiratory infection. Well tolerated by children of all ages.
The active substance is amoxicillin. Children weighing less than 40 kg are given 20-100 mg / kg 2-3 times a day. At the age of 2-5 years - 125 mg each, 5-10 years - 250 mg each. Adults are given 250-500 mg, but in severe pathology, the dosage is increased to 1 g. An interval of 6 hours is observed between antibiotic doses.
Indications:
- pharyngitis;
- pneumonia;
- angina;
- severe inflammation of the middle ear;
- bronchitis;
- sinusitis;
- pathology of the genitourinary system;
- infection of soft tissues and skin;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract;
- abdominal, gynecological infections;
- leptospirosis.
Contraindications:
- intolerance to amoxicillin or auxiliary components of the composition;
- Infectious mononucleosis;
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- renal failure;
- high sensitivity to xenobiotics;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Side effects can manifest themselves in the form of nausea, vomiting, and stool disturbances. Sometimes colitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia occur.
Interstitial nephritis and agranulocytosis are extremely rare. Overdose can cause anaphylactic shock, rash, erythema.
Pharmacies are available with a prescription. Price - 230-460 rubles.
"Augmentin"
An antibiotic for a viral infection affects a large group of pathogens. A drug from the category of penicillins. Release form - tablets, powder for suspension. The drug has a bactericidal and antibacterial effect.
Suppresses transpeptidase, disrupts the secretion of murein, which causes the destruction of bacteria. It quickly penetrates the cells of microorganisms, acting on them simultaneously from the outside and from the inside. Can be given to children from 12 years old, in extreme cases - from 3 months.
The active substances are amoxicillin, clavulanic acid. The dosage is 375 mg three times a day. In severe cases of the disease, this amount can be increased. The solution is injected at intervals of 8 hours, at 1000 mg / 200 mg. For complicated infections, the break is reduced to 6 hours. Suspension for children is given at 125 mg / 31.25 mg three times a day, for adults the dosage is doubled.
Indications (pathologies caused by various infections):
- respiratory tract;
- gonorrhea;
- genitourinary tract;
- joints and bone structures;
- skin, soft tissues;
- postpartum and intra-abdominal sepsis;
- periodontitis;
- severe abscesses;
- maxillary sinusitis;
- gynecological diseases.
Contraindications:
- intolerance by the body to the components of the composition;
- history of jaundice or liver problems;
- phenylketonuria;
- age less than 3 months;
- impaired renal function;
- body weight less than 40 kg.
Side effects - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, candidiasis. Less often there are dizziness and headaches, indigestion. Side effects may occur in the form of itching, rash, redness of the skin. Thrombophlebitis, leukopenia, hepatitis and other diseases rarely develop.
Overdose mainly manifests itself in the form of a violation of the digestive tract, renal failure, crystalluria. There may be a violation of the water-salt balance, precipitation of the active substance in the urinary catheter.
Available in pharmacies with a prescription. Price - 140-420 rubles.
"Sumamed"
Antibiotic azalide from the macrolide group. Active against a wide range of bacteria. Available in the form of tablets, capsules, powder. The drug inhibits protein synthesis in the cells of pathogenic bacteria, inhibits peptide translocase, and slows down the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Children can only be given from 3 years old, older people - with caution.
The active ingredient is azithromycin dihydrate. For children 3-12 years old, the drug is given, calculating the dosage according to the formula 10 mg / kg, once a day. The maximum daily amount is 30 mg / kg. The course of treatment is 3 days.
Children over 45 kg (from 12 years old) and adults are given an antibiotic once a day, 500 mg. The maximum dosage is 1.5 g. If it is necessary to give an antibiotic to a child less than 3 years old, then a suspension is prepared. The dosage is calculated by the doctor depending on the disease, body weight, condition of the baby.
Indications (infections):
- bronchitis;
- soft tissues;
- pharyngitis;
- skin;
- genitourinary system;
- onset of Lyme disease;
- sinusitis;
- otitis;
- pneumonia;
- tonsillitis.
Contraindications:
- phenylketonuria;
- intolerance to the active and auxiliary components of the drug;
- severe liver disease;
- simultaneous reception of ergo- and dihydroergotamine.
With caution, "Sumamed" is taken with myasthenia gravis, kidney and liver failure, violation of water and electrolyte balance.
Side effects in the form of anorexia, infectious diseases and blood pathologies are rare, as well as disturbances in the work of other organs and systems. Most often, there is nausea, stool disturbance, abdominal pain. Overdose can provoke diarrhea, vomiting, temporary hearing loss. Available in pharmacies with a prescription. Price - 170-670 rubles.
"Azithromycin"
An antibiotic from the group of macrolides of a broad spectrum of action. Derived from erythromycin, synthetically obtained. Release form - tablets and powder.
The action consists in suppressing protein synthesis, slows down the growth of pathogenic bacteria and inhibits their vital activity. It has an additional bactericidal effect at high concentrations. Children are prescribed from 12 years old, with caution - to the elderly.
The active ingredient is azithromycin dihydrate. Children from 12 years old (weighing more than 45 kg) and adults are given 500 mg, once a day after 2 hours. after meals or for 1 hour. before her. The course for treatment is 3 days. The suspension is used to treat children weighing more than 5 kg. For the elderly, if they have ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmias, the drug is prescribed with caution.
Indications (infectious pathologies):
- scarlet fever;
- respiratory tract damage;
- the beginning of the development of borreliosis;
- infection of the skin and soft tissues;
- ENT organs;
- pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the microorganism Helicobacter Pylori;
- urethritis;
- cenrvicitis.
Contraindications - severe pathological disorders of the liver and kidneys, individual intolerance to the composition of the drug.
Among the most likely side effects are attacks of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Sometimes there is lymphocytopenia, visual impairment and abdominal discomfort. Very rarely, palpitations, paroxysmal tachycardia, hearing impairment, and ventricular arrhythmias occur. In case of an overdose, stool disorder, severe nausea and vomiting appear.
Sold by prescription in pharmacies. Price - 60-230 rubles.
Ceftriaxone
Antibiotic of the cephalosporin group of a wide spectrum of effects. It is produced in powder, which is used in the manufacture of suspension for injection. The drug inhibits the synthesis of cell membranes, is very resistant to pathogenic bacteria. It can even be prescribed for newborn babies.
The active ingredient is ceftriaxone. Dosage for newborns (up to two weeks) - 20-50 mg / kg, once a day. The maximum amount of solution should not exceed 50 mg / kg body weight.
Children under 12 years old are injected at 20-80 mg / kg, 1 time per day, adolescents and adults - 1-2 g. In difficult cases, the dosage can be increased to 4 g. There is no age adjustment for the elderly. The course of treatment is 4-14 days.
Indications for infectious diseases and processes:
- meningitis;
- joints;
- organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis;
- sepsis;
- genitals, soft tissues;
- respiratory tract;
- infection and damage to the skin;
- bone tissue;
- Lyme borreliosis;
- ENT organs;
- Gastrointestinal tract.
Contraindications - individual intolerance to the composition or sensitivity to other penicillins and cephalosporins. The drug is prescribed with caution for diseases of the kidneys and liver, colitis, enteritis. In extreme cases, it is administered to newborns or premature babies.
Side effects occur in the form of allergic manifestations (for example, rash, itching, chills), disorders of the hematopoietic system, digestion, and urinary functions. Rarely there is dizziness, headaches, nosebleeds. Overdose can also provoke side effects.
Sold by prescription in pharmacies. Price - 30-1000 rubles.
"Zinnat"
Antibiotic from the cephalosporin group. Available in tablets and granules for suspension. The drug reacts to most pathogenic bacteria. Suppresses the synthesis of cells through proteins. Optimal absorption is with meals.
The active ingredient is cefuroxime axetil. Children are prescribed 125 mg twice a day. The maximum dosage per day is 250 mg. Adults are prescribed in this amount twice a day. With severe pathologies, the dosage is doubled. Duration of treatment is 5-10 days.
Indications for infectious diseases and processes:
- respiratory and urinary tract;
- infection of soft tissues;
- peritonitis;
- ENT organs;
- pyoderma, furunculosis and other skin pathologies;
- gonorrhea;
- sepsis;
- the onset of Lyme disease;
- meningitis.
The drug is contraindicated in case of high sensitivity of the body to B-lactam antibiotics in babies under 3 years old. It is prescribed with caution for pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, ulcerative colitis. It is not recommended to drink "Zinnat" for pregnant women and during breastfeeding. The suspension is contraindicated in people with high sensitivity to aspartame, with phenylketonuria.
If there are side effects, they are short-lived and reversible. Among them are disorders in the circulatory and lymphatic system, rash, itching. Symptoms of fever, anaphylaxis, and serum sickness are very rare. Disorders of the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, and liver may also appear.
Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, are extremely rare. In case of an overdose, the brain becomes overexcited, which can provoke seizures.
Available in pharmacies with a prescription. Price - 210-420 rubles.
"Ofloxin"
Antibiotic for viral infections of a wide range of effects, from the group of fluoroquinolones. Release form - tablets and solution. The drug acts on DNA gyrase, which is responsible for the overcoiling of bacteria. There is a violation of chain stabilization, which causes the death of pathogenic microorganisms.
The active ingredient is ofloxacin. Adults are prescribed 200 mg twice a day or 400 mg once a day. The maximum amount is 800 mg. The drug should be taken 30-60 minutes before meals, in the mornings and evenings. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days.
Indications - diseases caused by infections:
- genitals, urinary tract, small pelvis;
- joints and bone tissue;
- chlamydia;
- meningitis;
- skin infection;
- respiratory tract;
- eye;
- infection of soft tissues;
- pyelonephritis;
- ENT organs;
- Inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity;
- tuberculosis;
- neutropenia;
- complications after surgery.
Contraindications:
- low convulsive threshold;
- lactation period;
- age under 18;
- epilepsy;
- pregnancy;
- intolerance to the composition of the drug.
It is prescribed with caution to people with atherosclerosis and circulatory disorders in the brain. If the kidney function is impaired, another antibiotic is selected.
Side effects are rare, appear from the gastrointestinal tract, nervous, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Sometimes sensory and color perception, hearing, smell are disturbed.
Side effects also occur from the urinary system, hematopoiesis, in the form of allergic reactions (for example, itching, rash, soft tissue swelling, bronchospasm). Sometimes dermal reactions, dysbiosis, hypoglycemia appear.
Overdose causes confusion, severe vomiting, disorientation. In some patients, dizziness, lethargy, and drowsiness appear. Sold by prescription in pharmacies. Price - from 60 rubles.
"Tsiprinol"
An antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone group, with a wide range of effects. Available in tablets, injection solutions. The drug prevents the growth of bacteria, their reproduction. It causes morphological changes in membranes, and as a result, the death of pathogenic agents. The antibiotic is contraindicated for children, the elderly are prescribed with caution.
The active ingredient is ciprofloxacin. The dosage is one-time, 250 mg per day. In severe disease, the amount of the drug can be increased to 750 mg. But if the kidneys are impaired, the dosage is reduced. The antibiotic is taken before meals.
Indications - infectious processes and diseases:
- respiratory tract;
- organs of the small pelvis;
- middle ear;
- eye pathologies;
- musculoskeletal system;
- genitals;
- genitourinary system;
- abdominal cavity;
- ENT organs;
- sepsis, which has arisen against the background of weak immunity;
- as a prophylaxis for infection after surgery;
- anthrax (pulmonary) and its prevention.
Contraindications:
- age under 18;
- lactation period;
- excessive sensitivity to ciprofloxacin;
- intolerance to the composition of the drug;
- pregnancy;
- simultaneous reception of "Tizanidine".
It is prescribed with caution for severe atherosclerosis, impaired blood flow, liver and kidney function. Side effects can occur from any system and organs. Digestion suffers more often, allergic reactions occur. In case of an overdose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache appear. Rarely - convulsions, hallucinations, tremors, impaired consciousness.
Sold by prescription in pharmacies. Price - from 70 rubles.
"Tienam"
Antibiotic from the carbapenem group with a broad spectrum of action. Available in powder for injections. Acts as antimicrobial, antibacterial and bactericidal agent.
Suppresses the synthesis of pathogenic microorganisms, completely destroying them. In extreme cases, an antibiotic is prescribed for children, but only from 3 months of age. But it is contraindicated if the child has renal failure.
The active ingredients are imipenem, cilastatin. The dosage is 500-750 mg with an interval of 12 hours. the maximum amount of the injected solution per day is 1500-2000 mg. Do not inject with other antibiotics.
Indications - any infectious pathology:
- soft tissues and skin;
- respiratory tract;
- genitourinary system;
- organs of the small pelvis;
- intra-abdominal and mixed infections;
- sepsis;
- joints and bone structures;
- postoperative period;
- bacterial endocarditis.
Contraindications:
- children's age up to 3 months;
- pregnancy;
- intolerance to the composition of the drug and local amide anesthetics.
With pathologies of the central nervous system, during lactation and the elderly, the antibiotic is administered with caution. Side effects can occur from the nervous, genitourinary, and digestive systems.
Hematopoiesis may be disturbed, allergic reactions may appear in the form of itching, urticaria, edema, erythema. Sometimes the perception of taste changes. Overdose can cause some symptoms, but there is little information about this.
Available in pharmacies with a prescription. Price - from 3000 rubles.
Antibiotics for a viral infection are prescribed only in short courses (5-14 days) - to prevent the spread of infection and the rapid destruction of pathogenic microflora. The choice of the drug depends on age, disease, contraindications.
Video about antibiotics for a viral infection
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