1 Intestinal microflora and its components

After birth in the gastrointestinal tract of the baby, there are practically no colonies of beneficial bacteria. This is due to the fact that the child, being in the womb, receives nutrition and protection from his mother. Having appeared in the world, the baby has to eat independently. First of all in the gastrointestinal tract the newborn is activated bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. They get into the body from the mother and through the food.

These bacteria must necessarily get into the intestines of the child. Later in the intestine colibacilli are settled, which are responsible for the formation of the intestinal microflora.

The presence of useful microorganisms and bacteria promotes rapid digestion of food and strengthening of the body's defenses. After a while in the intestine, the baby has streptococci, diplococci and enterococci, which belong to the obligate bacteria group. This group does not participate in digestion.

In case of ingestion of pathogens of bacteria, fungi and microorganisms, a dysbacteriosis or intestinal dysbiosis develops. This disease is a violation of the balance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. Ignoring such violations is not worth it. If you let the disease on its own, then in the future you can face serious ailments and pathologies of a growing organism.

2 The root causes of dysbiosis

The manifestation of dysbiosis in infants can arise due to a number of factors. The main causes of the disease:

1. Fetal pathologies, congenital pathologies. Caesarean section. The child does not get useful bacteria that are in the body of the mother.
2. Prematurity.
3. Operational Interventions.
4. Treatment of the mother with antibiotics during pregnancy. These drugs are aimed at the destruction of living bacteria. When antibiotics are used, not only pathogenic microorganisms die, but also useful lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
5. Reception of antibiotics for breastfeeding. They easily penetrate into breast milk, and then - into the body of the newborn, causing dysbacteriosis in infants.
6. Poor maternal nutrition.
7. Poor ecology and lack of immunity.
8. All kinds of poisoning can cause dysbacteriosis in newborns.
9. Treatment of the baby with antibacterial drugs.
10. Early introduction of complementary feeding and artificial feeding. With the early introduction of complementary foods, the newborn's body can not digest new types of food. Artificial mixtures can also cause allergic reactions and dysbacteriosis.
11. Poor development of the digestive system.

All these root causes are characterized by certain symptoms. Many mothers have a question, how is dysbiosis manifested in infants?

3 Symptoms of

When the ailment changes the behavior and emotional state of the baby. As a rule, the child is naughty and refuses to feed. At a dysbacteriosis of 2 degrees at the grudnichka considerable weight reduction is observed. The main symptoms of dysbiosis are:

• diarrhea;
• refusal to eat and loss of appetite;
• decrease in body weight;
• bloating;
• skin rashes;
• listlessness;
• bad smell from the mouth;
• abdominal pain in acute stages of dysbiosis in infants;
• high temperature.

The most significant symptom is a disorder of the stool. With the disease, the number of bowel movements increases, stools are observed in the stool, the consistency becomes too liquid. The color of the stool can change from yellow to green, the smell of stool becomes sharp and unpleasant.

In certain cases, a newborn can develop constipation. This is due to the violation of digestion and metabolic processes in the body. If the disease passes into a chronic form, then vomiting and severe pain in the abdominal region may occur. In such cases, you should not hesitate, you should immediately call your doctor.

The child's high temperature indicates the presence of pathogens, viruses and bacteria in his body.

4 Problem development

Practice shows that dysbiosis can occur in infants in different ways. Pediatricians determine 4 degrees of the disease:

1 degree. There are no obvious symptoms of dysbacteriosis in the baby. The stool is normal, with a more detailed analysis of microflora, it is possible to detect an excess of the percentage of opportunistic bacteria.

2 degree. Characterized by a violation of the processes of digestion of food, the baby has colic and flatulence. Due to digestive disorders, growth and weight gain stop.

3 degree. At this stage, pathogenic bacteria and rods completely displace useful microorganisms. The baby has a severe disorder of the stool and the presence of inflammatory processes.

4 degree. Pathogenic bacteria reach the peak of development. There is a strong intoxication, which is characterized by vomiting and an increase in temperature. Such signs of dysbiosis should strongly alert the mother, since at this stage there is a huge risk of developing infectious diseases.

It is impossible to admit the development of the 4th stage. Dysbiosis should be stopped at the initial stages of the disease. With neglected forms, colitis can develop, and in the worst cases, gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis disrupts the function and structure of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. Mucous membrane can no longer resist pathogens and infectious diseases. Timely diagnosis will determine the presence of the disease. Diagnosis includes a set of activities:

• analysis of complaints received from the mother of the newborn;
• inspection;
• palpation of the abdominal region;
• detailed blood tests;
• urinalysis;
• feces analyzes for the presence and composition of microflora.

Diagnosis is performed only by a doctor. It determines the symptoms and treatment that is needed to restore the microflora in the newborn's body. Here the question arises, how to cure this serious disease?

5 Therapy and medical practice

Treatment of dysbacteriosis in infants includes a set of actions that are aimed at restoring normal microflora in the child's body:

• eliminating infections and getting rid of pathogens;
• strengthening the body and restoring the defenses;
• recovery of healthy microflora in the gastrointestinal tract;
• elimination of intoxication;
• preservation of a healthy microflora and further prevention of the disease.

In most cases, the pediatrician prescribes the reception of bacteriophages, which adversely affect the pathogenic microflora, without inhibiting the development of beneficial bacteria. To remove the symptoms of intoxication, various sorbents are prescribed. The next step is to take drugs that contain bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In addition, it is possible to give the child nutritious mixtures, teas and nutritional supplements with beneficial bacteria.

In parallel with treatment, you must adhere to proper nutrition. This directly determines the duration of treatment and the speed of recovery of a small patient. It is necessary to provide the child with high-grade dairy food. Mixtures should be of high quality, contain a full complex of probiotics and vitamins. Closer to the year, you can introduce natural yogurt and yogurt into the lure. It is very important that the products are natural, without preservatives and allergens. It must be remembered that nothing will replace the baby's mother's breast milk.

Mother in turn, too, must adhere to a diet when breastfeeding. To do this, you need to include a large number of sour-milk and dairy products in your diet. From the diet should be deleted:

• different pickles;
• smoked products;
• fatty meat and fast food;
• spicy food;
• alcohol.

Before treating dysbacteriosis, the mother of the child should always consult a pediatrician. The speed of recovery depends on this.