1 Functional and organic pathologies

It is established that most diseases of the gastrointestinal system lead to anatomical changes in the body. In this case, pathologies develop with characteristic external manifestations or subjective sensations. Diseases that cause intestinal dysfunction can be associated with either infection or with functional changes in individual organs. However, as it turned out, not always. Modern studies have made it possible to identify and isolate in a separate disease another pathological abnormality - functional dyspepsia.

It is known that the manifestations of an intestinal disorder refer to its upper parts - the stomach and duodenum. The clinical manifestations of these ailments complain from 40 to 80% of people in different countries. Dozens of years doctors diagnosed gastritis or duodenitis when they heard the following complaints:

• the appearance of a sensation that the walls of the stomach or intestines are damaged;
• burning in the upper abdominal part( under the spoon);
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• overcrowding, supersaturation of the stomach, the appearance of gravity, internal pressure;
• sensation of a stop of gastric activity, accompanied by drawing bowel pains.

Separate studies of tissue morphology in most cases did not reveal their organic change. Painful sensations of patients and the presence of local inflammatory processes were not associated with pathological changes in intestinal walls. Most of the examinations revealed no symptoms of functional, dystrophic, or metabolic diseases. International experts have found that an intestinal disorder can be an independent ailment that is not associated with systemic abnormalities in the body's vital activity.

The international commissions have established that an intestinal disorder without manifestation of the symptoms of the disease is characteristic of functional dyspepsia. Clinical manifestations of this disease are called a distress syndrome. A feature of AF is that the causes of the disorder can not be objectively determined, and the consequences are not related to the appearance of erosions and compacted scars.

2 Clinical picture

Symptoms of bowel disorder can be different. The main manifestations of the digestive tract disorder are:

• alternation of constipation and mild stools bordering on diarrhea;
• high degree of gassing;
• feeling of intestinal obstruction;
• sensation of the termination of its functioning;
• nausea;
• sweating.

All phenomena in intestinal disorders can be accompanied by a worsening of the general condition, which will manifest:

• weakness in the limbs, lethargy, muscle tone decline;
• with nervousness, irritability, tearfulness;
• hypertensive phenomena - low and high pressure;
• arrhythmia;
• by the appearance of a sense of worthlessness, moral devastation;
• fatigue, drowsiness, fatigue.

3 Causes of the disease

Phenomena causing bowel disorder:

• abnormal motor activity of the muscles of the stomach;
• accelerated secretion of hydrochloric acid;
• CNS disorder;
• increased activity of the duodenum.

In recent scientific studies, gastroenterologists have found that frequent disorders are associated with a violation of the central nervous system, gastric motility, small intestine, incompatibility of digestion and evacuation processes from the stomach of the processed food lump, a violation of the coordination of the functioning of the stomach, duodenum and secretory glands.

Intestinal disorder can be more painful. In this case they speak of ulcerous flow. Another form of the disorder is associated with discomfort. Such manifestations indicate a reflux-like flow associated with the emission of gastric juice.

An important feature of the disorder is that it does not lead to manifestations of gastritis.

4 Difference from gastritis

International medical commissions have found that 60-80% of the inhabitants of the earth systematically experience pain or discomfort. According to medical studies, chronic gastritis affects about 80% of the population of developed countries. The proportion of cases increases after 40 years. Further studies have shown that the compositions of these groups are different. Part of the patients who were diagnosed with gastritis did not experience subjective discomfort. That is, the chronic form of the disease can be asymptomatic. In another group, whose members suffered from soreness and discomfort of the intestines, gastritis is not established. In the walls of the intestine of these people there were no erosions and scarring.

At the same time, to confirm an objective diagnosis of gastritis and choose a method of treatment, the physician must have the results of tests that indicate the presence of organic changes in the stomach and intestines of the patient. To do this, there is an arsenal of effective radiological, tomographic, ultrasound and chemical means.

5 Stress

Despite the insufficient study of the nature of intestinal disorders, physicians claim that their cause is stressful situations. The concept of "distress" in the scientific world means, first of all, the reaction of the stomach and small intestine to fright, aggression or loss of benefits. A clot of nerve endings in the area of ​​the plexus immediately transmits an alarm signal in the digestive tract.

Negative factor is aggravated:

• by low physical activity;
• by overeating and malnutrition;
• food intolerance;
• low quality food semi-finished products;
• presence in the intestine of helminths, lamblia and other parasites;
• by the presence of hidden viral and bacterial infections - streptococci, salmonella, E. coli;
• is influenced by allergens. This is an important factor that provokes bowel dysfunction.

6 First Attack of

In case of sudden intestinal disorder, the patient needs to ensure peace. First of all, you do not need to overload the intestine. Medical fasting for 12 hours is a sufficient measure for the gastrointestinal system to recover and begin to function normally. At this time the patient needs a copious drink( pure water).It can be tinted with potassium permanganate to a slightly pinkish color or seasoned with a few drops of green tea. To the body was easier to remove food residues, it is necessary to stimulate their adsorption, this is promoted by activated charcoal tablets.

If the severity of the manifestations has passed, the patient can eat a little. It is recommended to eat in small portions, thoroughly chewing. Dishes should be rich in fiber and not contain fats. Preference should be given to boiled rice, grated boiled apples, dried crusts.

Sour-milk products should be given with caution, splitting of proteins requires great effort. At normalization of work of an intestine give meat - boiled low-fat beef or a poultry of a bird. It should be remembered that repetitive disorders are an occasion for a visit to the gastroenterologist.

7 Treatment measures

Therapy of bowel dysfunction should be based on an integrated method, the preference in which should be given( in order of priority):

• normalization of lifestyle;
• adherence to a healthy varied diet;
• pharmacological treatment.

Normalization of living conditions should include the elimination or mitigation of the effects of irritating stress effects. The attitude towards life should resemble the reaction of a cat, which implies the ability to escape from danger and the skill of relaxation. Abandoning habits that destabilize the work of all body systems is an important healing element.

Food should include a complete diet of proteins. Consumption of fats should be limited, it is the fats that stimulate the secretion of the gastric intestine. The food schedule should ensure its fractional and systematic.

The medicamentous part of therapy, when there is understanding, than to treat, is determined by the doctor. It can include tablets that block or stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid. It is possible to include drugs that protect the walls of the stomach from harmful effects. The means regulating the water balance and regulatory functions of the intestine can become part of the therapeutic program. Bactericidal drugs and antibiotics are used to eliminate infectious and parasitic influences, they can also be prescribed by a doctor.

In some cases, in the case of an intestinal disorder, treatment of a disease can not do without psychotropic drugs.

8 Diagnosis

The danger of the disorder lies in the possible confusion of the diagnoses. External clinical manifestations and symptoms of intestinal dysfunction are similar to gastritis and duodenitis. Differences are manifested in different anatomical influences. Phenomena accompanying the disorder do not leave a trace in the tissues of the body. The development of gastritis leads to organic changes in the stomach, duodenum and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

Over time, the effects of the disturbed metabolism begin to appear: the nails split and crack, baldness sets in, thinness develops, the complexion deteriorates, and a smell from the mouth appears.

The medical examination should include:

• patient complaint analysis;
• carrying out fluoroscopy, endoscopy, MRI and other high-tech research;
• biochemical analysis of tissues( if necessary);
• ultrasound diagnosis;
• laboratory studies.

An important part of medical research is the establishment of concomitant diseases. With this goal in mind, a therapist can be consulted with a neurologist, cardiologist, psychiatrist and other specialists.

Treatment of an intestinal disorder should be agreed with the attending physician, but the patient plays an important role in the selection of the method of treatment. This does not mean that he should ignore all recommendations or mindlessly execute them. This means that his comprehensive approach to treating the disorder should be based on a symbiosis of one's own wisdom, vital activity and medical knowledge.