Neuroleptics( antipsychotics, antipsychotics) are psychotropic drugs designed to treat a variety of neurological, mental and psychological disorders. Also in small quantities, drugs of this class are prescribed for neuroses.
Drugs of this group are a rather controversial method of treatment, since they cause many side effects, although in our time there already exist so-called atypical neuroleptics of a new generation, which are almost safe. We'll figure this out.
Modern neuroleptics have the following properties:
- sedative;
- relieve tension and muscle spasm;
- sleeping pills;
- reduction of neuralgia;
- clarification of the thought process.
A similar therapeutic effect is due to the fact that their composition includes arbitrary from Fenotaisin, Thioksanthen and Butirofenon. It is these medicinal substances that have a similar effect on the human body.
Contents
- Two generations - two results of
- About the discovery of the group and the beginning of its use
- Pharmaceuticals and the mechanism of action of neuroleptics
- The main active substances of the preparations of the
- group TOP-20 of the known antipsychotics
- Other means not included in the TOP-20
- Indications and contraindications for use
- Side effects and overdose
- Atypical antipsychotics
- What is popular today?
- Review of the doctor
- Patient opinion
Two generations - two results of
Antipsychotics are potent drugs for the treatment of neuralgic, psychological disorders and psychosis 
( schizophrenia, delirium, hallucinations and the like).
There are two generations of neuroleptics: the first was discovered in the 50's( Aminazine and others) and it was used to treat schizophrenia, mental disorders and bipolar abnormalities. But, this group of medicines had many side effects.
The second more advanced group was introduced in the 60s( it was only used in psychiatry after 10 years) and used it for the same purposes, but the brain activity did not suffer, and every year the drugs related to this group were improvedand improved.
On the discovery of the group and the beginning of its use
As mentioned above, the first neuroleptic was developed back in the 50's, but it was discovered by chance, since Aminazine was originally invented for surgical anesthesia, but after seeing what effect it has on the human body, it was decided to change the field of its application and in 1952 for the first time Aminazine was used in psychiatry as a potent sedative.
A few years later, Aminazine was replaced by a more advanced drug, the alkaloid, but for a long time in the pharmaceutical market it did not linger and already in the early 60's began appearing neuroleptics of the second generation, which had fewer side effects. This group includes Triftazin and Haloperidol, which are used to this day.
Pharmaceuticals and the mechanism of action of neuroleptics
Most antipsychotics have one antipsychological effect, but it is achieved in various ways, since each drug affects a certain part of the brain:
- Mesolimbic method reduces the transmission of the nerve impulse when taking medications and relieves such pronounced symptoms as hallucinations and delusions.
- The mesocortical method of , aimed at reducing the transmission of brain impulses that lead to schizophrenia. This method, although effective, but it is used in exceptional cases, since the effect on the brain in this way leads to a disruption in its functioning. In addition, it should be noted that this process is irreversible and the removal of antipsychotics in the situation in any way will not affect.
- The nongrosteric method of blocks some receptors to prevent or stop dystonia and akathisia.
- The tuberinfundibular method of leads to the activation of impulses through the limbic pathway, which in turn is able to unlock some receptors for the treatment of sexual dysfunction, neuralgia and pathological infertility, called on nerves.
As far as pharmacological action is concerned, most neuroleptics are irritating to brain tissue. Also, the reception of neuroleptics of various groups negatively affects the skin and manifests itself externally, causing skin dermatitis in the patient.
When taking antipsychotics, the doctor and patient expect significant relief, there is a decrease in the manifestation of mental or neuralgic disease, but at the same time the patient is prone to a number of side effects that should be considered.
The main active ingredients of the preparations of the
group The main active substances on the basis of which practically all antipsychotics are based:
- Phenothiazine;
- Aminazine;
- Tizercin;
- Mazentil;
- Nuluptyl;
- Sonapaks;
- Thioxanthene;
- Clopixol;
- Butyrophenone;
- Trisedil;
- Leponex;
- Eglonyl.
Top-20 known antipsychotics
Neuroleptics are represented by a very extensive group of drugs, we picked up a list of twenty drugs that are mentioned most often( not to be confused with the best and most popular ones, they are discussed below!):
- Aminazine is the main neuroleptic, which has a calming effect on the central nervous system.
- Teasercin is an antipsychotic that can inhibit brain activity in violent behavior of the patient.
- Leponex is an antipsychotic that differs somewhat from standard antidepressants and is used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
- Mellerill is one of the few sedatives that acts gently and does not cause much harm to the nervous system.
- Truksal - due to the blocking of some receptors, the substance has an analgesic effect.
- Neuleptil - oppressing the reticular formation, this neuroleptic has a sedative effect.
- Clopiksol - the blocking majority of nerve endings, the substance is able to fight schizophrenia.
- Seroquel - thanks to quetiapine, which is contained in this neuroleptic, the drug is able to relieve the symptoms of bipolar disorder.
- Etaperazin - a drug of neuroleptic effect, which has a retarding effect on the nervous system of the patient.
- Trifthazine - the substance has an active effect and is capable of exerting a very strong soothing effect.
- Haloperidol is one of the first neuroleptics to be derived from butyrofenone.
- Fluanoxol is a drug that has an antipsychotic effect on the patient's body( it is prescribed for schizophrenia and hallucinations).
- Olanzapine is a drug similar in its effect to Fluansoxol.
- Ziprasidone - this drug has a sedative effect on particularly violent patients.
- Rispolept is an atypical antipsychotic, derived from benzisoxazole, which has a sedative effect.
- Moditen is a drug that is characterized by an antipsychotic effect.
- Pipotiazine is a neuroleptic substance in its structure and effect on the human body similar to Triftazin.
- Mazeptil is a drug with a mild sedative effect.
- Eglonil is a drug of moderate neuroleptic action that can act as an antidepressant. Also, Eglonil has a mild sedative effect.
- Amisulpride is an antipsychotic similar in its action to that of Aminazine.
Other drugs not included in TOP-20
There are also additional neuroleptics that are not included in the main classification due to the fact that they are a supplement to a particular drug. So, for example, Propazin is a drug designed to eliminate the depressing effect of the effect of Aminazine( a similar effect is achieved by eliminating the chlorine atom).
Well, taking Tizercin increases the anti-inflammatory effect of Aminazine. Such a medicinal tandem is suitable for the treatment of delusional disorders obtained in a state of affect and in small doses, has a sedative and hypnotic effect.
In addition, the pharmaceutical market has neuroleptic drugs of Russian origin. Tizerzin( aka Levomepromazin) has a mild sedative and vegetative effect. It is designed to block unreasonable fear, anxiety and neuralgic disorders.
The drug can not reduce the manifestation of delirium and psychosis.
Indications and contraindications for use
It is recommended to take neuroleptics with the following neurological and psychological disorders: 
- schizophrenia;
- neuralgia;
- psychosis;
- bipolar disorder;
- depression;
- anxiety, panic, anxiety.
Contraindications:
- individual intolerance to this group;
- the presence of glaucoma;
- defective liver and / or kidney function;
- pregnancy and active lactation;
- chronic heart disease;
- coma;
- fever.
Side effects and overdose
Side effects of neuroleptics are manifested in the following:
- neuroleptic syndrome is an increase in muscle tone, but the patient is experiencing slowing movements and other responses;
- disruption of the endocrine system;
- excessive drowsiness;
- changes in the standard appetite and body weight( increase or decrease in these indicators).
In case of an overdose of neuroleptics, extrapyramidal disorders develop, blood pressure falls, drowsiness, inhibition occurs, a coma can occur with respiratory depression. In this case, symptomatic treatment is performed with the possible connection of the patient to the ventilator.
Atypical antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics include a fairly broad spectrum of drugs that can affect the structure of the brain responsible for the production of adrenaline and dopamine. For the first time typical neuroleptics were used in the 50's and had the following effects:
- removal of neuroses of different genesis;
- is restful;
- sleeping pills( in small doses).
Atypical antipsychotics appeared in the early 70's and were characterized by having fewer side effects than typical antipsychotics.
Atypics have the following effects:
- antipsychotic effect;
- has a positive effect on neuroses;
- improvement of cognitive functions;
- sleeping pills;
- relapse reduction;
- increased production of prolactin;
- fight against obesity and digestive disorders.
The most popular atypical antipsychotics of the new generation, which have almost no side effects:
- Flupentixol;
- Fluphenazine;
- Clozapine;
- Olanzapine;
- Ziprex;
- Risperidone;
- Quetiapine;
- Seroquel;
- Ketilept;
- Lakvel;
- Nantaride;
- Quentiaks;
- Sertindole;
- Serdolect;
- Ziprasidone;
- Zeldox;
- Aripiprazole;
- Abilafay;
- Amisulpride;
- Solian;
- Limipranil;
- Sulpiride;
- Betamax;
- Depral;
- Dogmatist;
- Prosulfin.
What is popular today?
Top-10 most popular antipsychotics at this time:
- Abiliphay( Aripiprazole);
- Paliperidone;
- Fluphenazine;
- Quetiapine;
- Fluanoxol( Flupentixol);
- Chloroproticsen;
- Seroquel;
- Truksal;
- Trifluoperazine;
- Levomepromazine.
Also many are looking for antipsychotics that are dispensed without prescriptions, they are few, but still there:
- Etaperazine;
- Paliperidone;
- Chloroprotoxen.
Overview of the doctor
To date, the treatment of mental disorders can not be imagined without neuroleptics, since they have the necessary medicinal effect( soothing, relaxing and the like).
I also want to note that you should not be afraid that such drugs will have a negative effect on brain activity, since these times have passed since, typical atypicals have been replaced by atypical, new generations that are easy to apply and have no side effects.
Alina Ulahly, neurologist, 30 years
Opinion of patients
Reviews of people who at one time drank a course of antipsychotics.
Neuroleptics - a rare muck invented by psychiatrists, does not help to heal, thinking brakes is unrealistic, when a major exacerbations occur, they have a lot of side effects that subsequently lead to serious illness after long-term use.
I took 8 years to drink( Truksal), I will not touch it at all.
Nikolay Minin
Adopted the neuroleptic of a mild effect of Flupentixol in neuralgia, also I was diagnosed with weakness of the nervous system and unreasonable fear. For half a year of reception from my illness there was no trace.
Anna Nichepara
