1 Conducting the

Study Biochemical analysis is a simple procedure and consists in collecting blood from the ulnar vein. Material is taken exclusively in the morning. To get accurate results, before visiting a doctor, you should refuse breakfast and one day before taking the test, do not consume any other drinks, except clean water.

Analysis is not one of the procedures conducted on the basis of certain indications. Regardless of the state of health, the patient should donate blood for examination. It is immediately performed in the presence of uncharacteristic symptoms of pregnancy. If unsatisfactory results are obtained, it is necessary to quickly identify malfunctions in the body and take adequate measures to eliminate them. The procedure is mainly aimed at assessing the ratio of useful trace elements, the functioning of the following systems and organs:

• liver;
• of the urinary system;
• cardiovascular system.

In the standard mode, a blood test should be performed at least 2 times: after the first visit to the doctor and at 30 weeks of pregnancy. In 1 case, the expert assesses the nature of the changes in the diseases that developed before conception, and determines the chronic disorders manifested by the action of hormones. In 2 cases, these studies are correlated with the norm, and measures are taken to stabilize the situation as necessary. Analyzes are required to be repeated when the patient observes pathological signs such as early or severe toxicosis, the presence of chronic diseases, etc.

2 Analysis of metabolic processes

Protein performs a number of functions necessary to maintain the patient's condition during the period of gestation. The component has a beneficial effect on the protective functions of the body, the quality of blood. A sufficient amount of protein gives it the necessary coagulability, viscosity and fluidity. The analysis most often involves evaluating the total protein. Normally, its values ​​range from 64-83 g / l.

The total protein is composed of elements of different structures and functions called albuminous fractions consisting of albumins,, beta and gamma globulins. Analyzing the ratio of these components, the doctor assesses the degree of disruption of the internal organs. Not a pathology, a slight decrease in indicators. It is normal to reduce the number of total protein in the blood to 55-64 g / l. This factor is most often manifested after the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and is caused by the following reasons:

• increase in the number of plasma, which leads to the dilution of blood;
• intensive albumin consumption for fetal tissue formation;
• disorders of the liver, kidneys, pancreas;
• inadequate intake of protein foods.

Excess of normal indices is a sign of dehydration of the patient's body, the presence of chronic diseases or the occurrence of acute infections.

Lipid metabolism in pregnancy is most often characterized by the degree of cholesterol in the blood, which is the main element of cell membranes, a factor in the production of bile and vitamin D. In the first trimester of pregnancy, its normal values ​​border between 3.15 and 5.8 mmol / l. In subsequent periods, they can reach 6.2 mmol / l. Excess of optimal values ​​can be associated with a genetic predisposition to an excess of cholesterol, liver, kidney, diabetes, abuse of fatty foods. Reduction of the allowable norm indicates insufficient nutrition, excessive thyroid function, presence of infections.

Carbohydrates are the main factor in the energy support of the body. Violation of the exchange of these elements can lead to general weakness, trembling limbs, confusion, anxiety, a sharp feeling of hunger, etc. A blood test for the amount of glucose is necessarily carried out. The optimal value of this component is from 4 to 6 mmol / l. Exceeding the permissible parameters indicates a violation of carbohydrate metabolism caused by insufficient secretion of insulin due to the multiply increased need for its production.

3 Enzyme composition

Complex analysis is impossible without the study of elements that exert accelerating effect on biochemical reactions in the body. The following enzymes are evaluated: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase.

Alanine aminotransferase participates in the implementation of metabolic processes, and therefore is more present in the liver and kidneys. The norm is considered to be a figure of up to 35 U / L, which does not change during the entire period of bearing of the child. Exceeding the permissible values ​​is most often associated with a violation of the work of these internal organs or inadequate intake of food containing vitamin B6: bananas, nuts, strawberries, corn, tomatoes, fish, etc.

Evaluation of aspartate aminotransferase is aimed at detecting pathological phenomena in the heart muscle, liver, kidneys, nervous tissue. Normally, this value should not exceed 31 U / l. A slight increase in the values ​​is acceptable. Most often this change is associated with small disruptions in the urinary system. A significant excess is a consequence of severe pathologies of the heart, pancreas.

Alkaline phosphatase is responsible for the productivity of the bone growth process. The norm is considered to be between 40 and 150 U / l. A significant increase or decrease in the value indicates pathological events in bone tissue, liver, intestines, and a deficiency of zinc and magnesium. Beginning with the 3rd trimester, a twofold increase in alkaline phosphatase can occur, which is associated with a standard increase in the intensity of enzyme production by the placenta.

4 Estimation of the amount of microelements

The most important component necessary for the distribution of fluid in the body of a pregnant woman is sodium. Normal is the indicator bordering between 136 and 145 mmol / l. It is not a violation of the increase in the value of up to 150 mmol / l in the 2 nd half of pregnancy, which is due to the peculiarities of the kidneys during this period. Abnormal excess of the optimal value indicates insufficient water. Reduction also indicates excessive consumption of diuretics and is often accompanied by a general weakness.

The action of potassium is directed to the formation of a protective system, the effect on the intensity of metabolism. The normal value is 3.5-5.5 mmol / l, which gradually increases and can reach up to 6.5 mmol / l. Pathological excesses or decreases may be associated with renal failure, lack of fluid, diabetes, etc.

Calcium is an essential element for the formation of bone tissue. In addition to the main function, the microelement has an effect on the processes of hormonal secretion, enzyme activity, blood coagulability, etc. Normally, this figure does not exceed 2.55 mmol / l. Lack of calcium is most often associated with its intensive expenditure for the formation of the fetus. Exceeding the optimal value indicates the course of kidney pathology, pancreas, lack of vitamin D.

Biochemical blood test is a necessary procedure for a reliable assessment of the state of health of a pregnant woman. The study allows you to analyze the work of internal organs, the probability of developing pathologies that threaten the development of the fetus and the health of the patient.