The shoulder joint belongs to one of the most mobile joints of the bones, and therefore, with careless movements, often injuries occur in this area - sprains and ligament ruptures.
The resulting injury can be quite complicated, which will require the restoration of the functional mobility of the operation.
Contents of the article
- The functions and structure of the shoulder joint
- The reasons and the most commonly caused injury
- Symptoms of damage
- Diagnosis of injury
- First aid for stretching
- Treatment procedures
- Primary therapy
- Secondary therapy
- Preventive measures
- Possible complications
- Video: How to start trainingafter sports injury
Functions and structure of the shoulder joint
The shoulder joint connects the bones of the upper limb with the scapula and clavicle. The main function of the important joint for the human body is providing hand movement in different projections of .
Normal physiological mobility allows you to withdraw the upper limb to the side, up or down, with the help of the ligaments of the joint, extension and bending are performed. Movement in the elbows and the wrist is severely limited if the shoulder ligament does not fully work.
The shoulder has a variety of tendons and ligaments, all of them, including the smallest ones, play a certain role in the performance of a variety of amplitude movements. Usually, injures several ligaments when injuring the shoulder:
- Breast-clavicular. This ligament is designed to connect the sternum with the clavicle.
- Bundles of capsule joints surrounding it in a circle. The corpuscle - humerus and three bundles of the joint - humeral ligament are referred to the capsule.
- Spade-rib joint , supported by muscle fibers.
With stretching or partial rupture of ligaments, the ability to produce habitual movements is lost. The muscular - ligamentous apparatus relaxes and all the anatomical position of the joint changes, and even the slightest movement of the hand can lead to pain.
Causes which most often lead to
trauma. Stretch and rupture of the shoulder ligaments are recorded in patients of different age groups. There are certain reasons that lead to damage to the musculoskeletal system. The foremost among them are:
- Physical loads , are not calculated by force of influence .Rupture of ligaments can occur with a sudden rise in weights and an incorrect biomechanical location of the upper limb at this moment. Gradual stretching of the ligamentous apparatus occurs with the regular lifting of excessively heavy objects.
- Osteophytes - pathological proliferation of bone tissue in the form of growths. The osteophyte is formed most often in the places of attachment of ligaments and muscles, and their large dimensions lead to traumatization of all adjacent tissues. The cause of osteophytes are injuries, arthrosis, age-related metabolic disorders.
- Admission of hormones. Prolonged use for the treatment of corticosteroids adversely affects the ligamentous apparatus of any joints in the body.
- Injuries to is one of the most common causes of shoulder rupture in childhood and in young people involved in sports. Stretches and tears occur when falling on elongated arms, with a strong and sharp ejection of the upper limb forward. Damage to the ligamentous apparatus can be obtained if a person is suddenly turned his arm backward or hit hard enough in the upper part of the shoulder girdle.
- Age changes in the body. The lack of normal blood supply and nutrition of all tissues leads to the fact that the ligamentous apparatus relaxes and, at the slightest uncomfortable movement, its rupture occurs.
- Harmful habits of - smoking, drug addiction disrupt all biochemical processes in the body, this has the most negative effect on the musculoskeletal system of a person.
- In young children, sprain in the shoulder is observed if the force of the effect is exceeded. So mom can inadvertently pull the baby, pushing it away from any danger - this is the reason most frequent in the occurrence of stretching in children under 5 years.
Symptoms of damage to
The first symptoms of sprain of the shoulder joint of appear as 
of intense pain , which appears immediately at the time of injury. When making movements, a person feels an increase in soreness, and therefore severely limits the mobility of the injured limb.
After one to two hours on the injured area can be found to increase edema, further local increase in temperature and the onset of bruising.
Depending on the severity of the pathological effect, lesions of the shoulder ligaments are divided into degrees:
- The first degree of is set if the integrity of several fibers from the entire ligament is broken. The pain is not excessive, the injured person can make movements with some restriction. If several days are observed peace, then such a trauma passes independently.
- The second degree is exhibited with a partial rupture of the ligament capsules and with muscle injuries. The pain is marked by intense intensity, swelling is increasing, subcutaneous hematoma is formed. Most hand movements increase all symptoms. Treatment of this degree of damage takes at least a month.
- The third degree of is the complete break of one or more bundles. The pathological process involves the joint capsule and the muscles adjacent to the injured ligament. The pain is strong, the swelling rapidly builds up, the phenomena of shock are possible. Such a trauma requires an immediate surgical operation, after which a full recovery of mobility will take two or more months.
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Diagnosis of injury
The nature of the injury, external examination of the damaged area and its palpation already allow the doctor to make a preliminary diagnosis.
Several instrumental examinations are used to determine severity and clarify the diagnosis.
- Radiography of the of the shoulder joint together with the clavicle in several projections - axial, straight, lateral.
- MRI is necessary if the patient is expected to have a third degree of ligament rupture. The examination allows you to accurately identify all affected muscles and tendons.
- Arthrography is a form of radiography in which a contrast agent is injected into the joint cavity. This allows you to accurately establish all the slightest damage.
- If possible, the of the joint is performed.
First aid in stretching
Traumatologists advise to use improvised tools :
- Gently bend the joint at the elbow of , place the forearm on a dense kerchief and fix it on the neck.
- The area of damage should be covered with ice or cold compress.
- With severe pain, can take a pill of analgesic - Analgin, Paracetamol, Spazgan.
Treatment procedures
Treatment of the first and second degrees of stretching and rupture of the ligament of the shoulder joint is carried out conservatively.
The most important rule of therapy is complete rest for several days , anesthetics are also used, physiotherapy can be used after a few days.
With a third degree of damage, complete restoration of ligaments is possible only with surgery. All treatment is divided into primary and secondary therapy.
Primary therapy
Treatment of rupture and extension of the ligament of the shoulder joint with the initial therapy of is as follows :
- Immobilization. A caliper is often used - a special kind of orthopedic bandage, which allows to fix the joint in the anatomical position, limiting movement and relieving the load. The support is used from several days to a month.
- Compresses - in the early days is useful cryotherapy, that is the use of cold. To the shoulder you can apply ice, cold compresses. After reducing swelling and pain, compresses from anti-inflammatory herbs are used.
- Anti-inflammatory tablets are used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. They use Ibuprofen, Naproxen. When stretching the ligaments of the shoulder in the NSAID, there may also be anesthetic ointments.
Secondary therapy
Secondary therapy is performed in at the time of rehabilitation:
- Physiotherapy begins to be used after about three days. UHF, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis improve tissue nutrition, accelerate the processes of regeneration of damaged ligaments.
- Medical treatment of implies continued intake of drugs from the group of NSAIDs, vitamin therapy helps to strengthen metabolic processes.
- LFK - specially selected gymnastic exercises ensure an early restoration of mobility. Gymnastic exercises are performed with increasing intensity, they are recommended to be conducted for at least two months.
- To prevent possible damage in the future, it is recommended to take special supplements for ligaments and joints.
Preventative measures
Prevent occurrence of sprains and tears in the shoulder area easily enough. The must be observed in training techniques, avoiding falls and bumps.
As the body ages, exercises should be used to strengthen the entire muscular corset, to eat fully, to lead a healthy lifestyle.
Possible complications of
The prognosis for damage to the ligamentous apparatus of the shoulder is quite favorable.
Do not exceed the time of wearing the fixative bandage, otherwise contractures are formed.
