Parthormone( PTH) is a secretion secreted by the parathyroid glands. Thanks to this hormone, there is a regulation of phosphate and calcium in the human body. Parathyroid hormone maintains the level of minerals in the blood, affects the regeneration of bone tissue.
Science is moving forward, but the substance released from the glands has not yet been studied thoroughly. It is proved that PTH affects not only the exchange of minerals, but also fatty tissue. This hormone helps to reduce weight. Parathyroid hormone also affects carbohydrate metabolism. It increases the glucose in the blood. This process occurs with an increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver.
In addition, the presence of parathyroid hormone in the blood is interrelated with the mental state of a person. From the excess of secretion there is a feeling of anxiety, emotionality, irritability. Do not exclude the development of psychosis and depression.
Norm of the hormone
Within a day, the parathyroid hormone index fluctuates. This feature is associated with biorhythm and metabolism in the body. The maximum concentration of secreted secretion was seen at 3 pm, and the minimum PTH values at 7 am.
The indicators of OSH depend on the age category.
In children from birth to age 22, the parthormon norm is 12.0 - 95.0 pg / ml.
In females:
- from 23 to 70 years - 9.5 - 75.0 pg / ml;
- is over 71 years old - 4.7 - 114.0 pg / ml;
- during pregnancy, the secretion should be 9.5 - 75.0 pg / ml.
Men have a hormone level similar to that of women, at any age.
Also on the norm of the level of the hormone in the blood affects the composition of the plasma. With an increased level of calcium in the body, the secretion of the parathyroid gland decreases. If the body lacks calcium, iron more intensively produces parathyroid hormone.
The level of secretion can be influenced by drugs. Women may drop the hormone from drugs with vitamin D, oral contraceptives, magnesium sulfate, prednisolone.
Elevated parathyroid hormone occurs when taking Isoniazid, Lithium, Cyclosporine, as well as from a drug with estrogen.
Diagnosis
Orthopedist, endocrinologist, therapist can perform parathyroid hormone tests. If you suspect a deviation of secretion in the body, a blood test is prescribed.
Diseases in which a study is needed:
- osteoporosis,
- elevated or decreased level of calcium in the body,
- urolithiasis,
- frequent fractures,
- suspected tumor in the parathyroid,
- changes in bones.
There are rules when passing tests that are to be observed:
- does not have anything 10 hours before the test,
- one hour before diagnosis does not smoke,
- one day before blood donation, do not drink alcohol,
- exclude physical activity and exercise for 3 days,
- blood is given from 8 to 11 am.
Reasons for abnormalities
There are cases when there is an increased or decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone parathyroid glands. What is the cause of discrepancies in the secretion rate?
In hyperparathyroidism( increased secretion), the cause of deviation is the pathology of the parathyroid glands, but there are cases when the pathology factor is completely different.
The disease is not as rare as it would seem. On 1 of 1000 cases the given disease is revealed. In women, the deviation is 3 times more common than in men.
Factors that increase secretion:
- deficiency or excess of vitamin D,
- Crohn's disease is an inflammatory process that affects the entire intestine,
- pancreatic tumor,
- , parathyroid and thyroid cancer, as well as metastases,
- kidney failure.
The following factors trigger the lowering of the secretion level:
- deficiency of magnesium in the body,
- sarcoidosis - systemic damage to the kidneys, lymph nodes and kidneys,
- bone tissue destruction,
- surgical intervention on the thyroid gland.
Consequences of
The lack or excess of parathyroid hormone in the blood disrupts the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, which negatively affects the working capacity of the whole organism. The patient may have muscle weakness, frequent urination, thirst, it becomes difficult to walk. It is also possible to develop acute hyperparathyroid intoxication. With this disease, the patient has the following symptoms:
- pain in the abdomen,
- , confusion,
- high body temperature.
With a constant excess of hormone, there is an imbalance in the regeneration of bone tissue. Old bone cells do not dissolve, and new ones slowly form. As a result, osteoporosis develops.
Deviations of the urinary system also begin. When the level of phosphate in the body increases, stones form in the bladder and kidneys.
The increased level of secretion of the parathyroid glands adversely affects the vascular system. There is a development of calcification, which causes a stomach ulcer and disrupts the circulatory process.
Treatment of
Insufficiency of parathyroid hormone is increased by hormonal drugs. The course of treatment is prescribed for several months or until the end of the patient's life. Everything depends on the cause of the disease.
Surplus of secretion of parathyroid glands is eliminated by treatment of concomitant disease. Complete or partial removal of the parathyroid gland is possible. Absolute resection of the gland is performed in malignant tumors with subsequent hormonotherapy.
