1 Medical indications

Diseases of the rectum symptoms have similar:

• pain;
• appearance from the anus and perianal zone of mucous secretions resembling pus;
• feces contain blood;
• frequent constipation and diarrhea;
• uncontrolled flow of gases and feces.

If you have the above symptoms, it is recommended to make an appointment with a doctor. Proctologist can make an accurate diagnosis. If necessary, the patient undergoes a full examination, which includes:

• testing;
• examination of the rectal mucosa with an endoscope( it is injected into the anus at 30 cm).

Preliminary it is necessary to empty the intestine and carry out the hygienic procedure of the entire perineum zone( drink a laxative solution, put an enema).To determine the exact diagnosis, the doctor performs a biopsy.

2 Proctalgia

Protalgia is a disease in which periodic pains appear in the rectum, but there is no organic lesion. The pain syndrome disappears after 10-15 minutes. The diagnosis is made when all other pathologies of the rectum are excluded. Physicians identify the following causes of the development of rectum disease in women and men:

• surgery for pelvic organs;
• inflammation of the genitourinary sphere, when neoplasms appeared in neighboring zones.

If the examination did not reveal any abnormalities in the intestine, the patient may be prescribed sedatives, warm baths and physiotherapy. Hemorrhoids are the most common disease in proctology. Primary symptoms of rectum disease:

• burning;
• itching;
• pain during defecation.

With progression of the disease of the anus, bleeding occurs, and necrosis of the veins of the anal zone develops. The cause of the disease is the weakening of the vascular walls that feed the large intestine. The disease can be congenital or acquired.

The reasons for it - a sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work, a tendency to constipation. The veins in the rectum stretch, forming hemorrhoids in the anus. Each year they increase in size, the disease takes on external forms. When the disease worsens, the nodes swell( possibly their fall out of the anus), which contributes to the development of thrombosis.

3 Cracks in the anus zone

When probing cones in the anus and knots under the skin, pain appears, which creates discomfort. You can not treat internal and external hemorrhoids without consulting a doctor. Otherwise, the disease will progress( the rectum will fall out of the anus).Disease 1-2 degree can be treated conservatively. In severe hemorrhoids, operations are performed.

When the first signs of hemorrhoids appear, it is recommended to seek medical help from a doctor. With the help of folk and medical products, it is possible to remove swelling, restore blood circulation in the anus. To do this, apply ointments( Relief), suspensions( Anuzol), compresses.

Patient is advised to minimize the load on the intestines:

• to eliminate constipation;
• keep track of your weight;
• to lead an active lifestyle;
• avoid overcooling and overheating;
• does not lift heavy;
• to abandon bad habits.

With persistent constipation and hemorrhoids, anal fissures appear. A large load on the walls of the intestine causes increased pressure on the mucous membrane of the rectum, which leads to the emergence of microcracks. The cause of the injury is dense feces or thrombosis of the nodes of the hemorrhoids.

4 The main symptomatology of

The fresh fissure of the anus( a gap of 2 cm in length) runs through the entire mucous layer to the muscular tissue of the sphincter. Over time, damaged tissues are replaced by connective cells, forming a deep crack. The disease goes into a chronic form.

Signs of anal fissure:

• acute pain during and after bowel movement;
• traces of blood;
• itching and burning;
• in the anal canal, pressure is felt;
• penetration of pain in the perineum, urogenital system, sacrum;
• periodic spasm of the sphincter.

The patient experiences severe pain during defecation and involuntarily restrains urge, thereby worsening constipation and interfering with mucosal healing. Cracks in the anal canal are treated in conservative ways. Analgesics are used to relieve the pain syndrome.

To normalize the stool, the patient should adhere to the sour-milk diet. The first 2-3 weeks are recommended to put an enema. For this use a solution of potassium permanganate or chamomile with calendula. After an enema, disinfecting baths are made. If you follow all the doctor's recommendations correctly, then in 2-3 months the fissure of the anus will heal. In an operative way remove a chronic crack.

5 What is proctitis

In the rectal mucosa, inflammatory processes occur against the background of constipation, intestinal damage, infections and intoxications. Similar symptoms are typical for proctitis. When the acute form of the disease manifests the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower back and perineum;
• frequent urge to the toilet;
• stool disorder;
• pus.

When the illness changes to a chronic condition, the pain syndrome decreases, fatigue increases, the patient quickly becomes fatigued, and clear signs of anemia appear. To treat the disease apply anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs.

Untimely treatment of proctitis promotes the development of paraproctitis. Infection through the cracks penetrates deeply, capturing the entire wall of the intestine, going beyond it. Symptoms and intensity of pain depend on the location of the purulent focus. Common signs - heaviness in the intestines, pain in the depth of the anus, lack of appetite, insomnia, weakness, swelling of the buttocks.

Paraproctitis is dangerous, as the abscess can open, the contents will enter the abdominal cavity. In this case, there is a threat of peritonitis. At the exit of the abscess on the surface of the skin a fistula is formed. This dangerous disease is treated surgically.

6 Polyps

Polyps may appear on the mucosa of the large intestine. The reasons for their appearance include heredity, an incorrect lifestyle, frequent inflammatory processes of the rectum. Polyps can spread throughout the intestines. In the upper sections they go unnoticed for a long time.

Polyps in the large intestine are immediately apparent. Reaching a certain size, they deliver a strong discomfort to the patient, can provoke a different nature of the discharge. It is recommended that malignancy be checked for malignancy. They are removed by an endoscope. Polyps are predisposed to relapse, so the patient must be constantly monitored by the proctologist.

Genital condyloma is a benign tumor caused by the human papillomavirus. The growth has the form of cauliflower. It can hit the intestine, the anus and the entire groin area. The disease is transmitted sexually. Fans of anal sex and homosexuals are most prone to infection with condyloma. The pigments are removed chemically or by laser coagulation.

7 Cancer of the tumor

In case of rectal cancer, the following symptoms appear:

• , impaired bowel movement;
• soreness;
• blood discharge.

Tumor growth increases pain, it is possible for ribbon feces. At the same time, symptoms that are characteristic of oncological diseases appear:

• rapid weight loss;
• low working capacity;
• frequent colds;
• decreased immunity.

When the hernia develops, a part of the rectum falls out of the anus. The patient experiences discomfort. The prolapse of the intestine is not accompanied by pain. The cause of this disease in children can be a normal cough or exercise. Hernia is an anatomical feature of the small pelvis. Improper placement of bones, weak muscles, high pressure in the abdominal cavity, severe labor, some neurological factors can provoke the development of the disease. You can surgically remove the hernia.

Prevention of the disease consists in the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition.