1 Causes of

Disease Cracks in the anus are diagnosed in people of all ages, but the most common trauma of the rectal mucosa is found in people aged 22 to 50 years. Not always hemorrhoids are the source of such an injury, because the causes of such damage to the intestinal mucosa can be covered in mechanical action, the use of rough food, chronic constipation and even GI diseases.

The appearance of a pathology such as a crack in the vast majority of cases is associated with trauma. The most common cause of trauma to the mucosa, the formation of the anal fissure are disorders of the stool. According to statistics, more than 6% of diagnosed anal fissures occur in people systematically suffering from constipation or diarrhea. Especially often, trauma to the shells of the rectum and sphincter occurs with prolonged constipation, as the risk of rupture due to the passage of solid stools increases.

Among other things, the development of an anal fissure may be the presence of circulatory disorders in the small pelvis. Especially often, such a disorder is observed in people who lead a sedentary lifestyle and do not receive sufficient physical exertion.

Violation of the innervation of the rectum, which provokes a prolonged spasm of the sphincter, can cause the appearance of an anal fissure. Mechanical injuries, including during anal sex and medical examinations, often lead to the appearance of a crack. Anal fissures are not uncommon during pregnancy. In this case, trauma to the tissues of the anus can develop as a result of an increase in the fetus, and during a sharp resolution from birth.

2 Symptomatic manifestations of

Given that cracks in the anus are often provoked by a disease such as hemorrhoids, often the defect is located on the front or rear wall of the rear hike. If there is a hemorrhoids running, the anal fissure can also localize on the side wall. Such a pathology can occur in both acute and chronic forms. The acute form of the cracks lasts less than a month, after which all the signs pass.

The chronic form is characterized by a prolonged course with frequent relapses of acute periods. As a rule, the chronic form of the anal fissure develops due to the lack of correct and timely treatment of the acute phase of the disease course.

Many people who are aware of the presence of hemorrhoids may not pay attention to symptomatic manifestations indicating damage to the rectal mucosa. To bright symptomatic manifestations, indicating the presence of a crack, are:

• long-term pain during defecation;
• itching in the anus;
• severe burning sensation;
• gradual increase in crack;
• appearance of itching during sitting;
• painful spasm of the sphincter;
• bleeding.

It should be noted that such symptomatic manifestations are characteristic not only for the crack of the anus, but also for hemorrhoids and ulcerative colitis, so patients can not immediately identify deterioration of their condition.

The severity of symptomatic manifestations largely depends on the depth and extent of the defect present. Some anal fissures can hardly manifest themselves and do not cause obvious discomfort in patients, while others have rather intense symptoms, which causes a lot of anxiety for a person.

The main feature of cracks in the anus is the fact that such injuries can not heal for a very long time, as the compression of the sphincter does not allow the wound to be tightened, so this neoplasm is often treated surgically.

3 Medication treatment

When thinking about how to cure a crack, people do not rush to visit a doctor. However, if there are any symptoms of development of the anus, you should always get a consultation with a proctologist, since only he can prescribe an adequate treatment. Only in the early stages of the development of a similar pathology can such a defect in the mucosa be eliminated by medication. Especially important is getting a consultation with a doctor if there is a crack in the anus in the child, treatment in this case will require the use of more gentle means. The thing is that for the treatment of cracks in children, as a rule, use an ointment or a combination of medicines that can eliminate unpleasant symptomatic manifestations.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of the collected anamnesis and physical examination. It is unlikely that it will be possible to correctly choose an ointment that can completely eliminate such a problem as a crack in the anus, without visiting the doctor, so do not delay treatment for later. Local influence plays an important role in the treatment of small cracks. First of all, the doctor can prescribe a course of cleansing enemas, so that during the straining there is no further rupture of the existing defect. It is also not recommended to use plain paper after defecation, as it leads to an increase in the size of the wound. To clean the anus, you should use hygienic baths, including a warm chamomile broth.

Anti-inflammatory ointment is mandatory for use, as in the majority of patients against the background of frequent damage the development of a significant inflammatory process takes place, so that the crack can not drag out. Patients may be recommended Levomekol ointment. As part of Levomecol, there is a component such as chloramphenicol, which is highly not recommended for children younger than 7 years. Children often can be prescribed such ointment as Oflokain, which contains not only an anti-inflammatory component, but also an anesthetic.

In addition, it helps well from cracks of small size Ourobin Ointment. Such a tool contains special substances that promote the rapid healing of a crack, but at the same time prevent the formation of scar tissue, in the place of which the appearance of a repeated defect is often observed. Anti-inflammatory ointment is not the only thing that is required for effective fracture therapy, therefore, such medications as Bepanten, D-panthenol and Metiluracil can be prescribed by a doctor. These drugs, like any anti-inflammatory ointment, contribute to the elimination of pathogenic microflora, the existing symptoms and contribute to the restoration of tissue integrity. Among other things, laxative drugs and a course of treatment with medicines intended for eliminating dysbacteriosis can be prescribed. Thus, the treatment of anus fissures should be carried out in a complex manner.

4 Operative treatment

Surgery is the most cardinal way to eliminate anal fissures. Such treatment of a crack in the anus is prescribed only in case of confirmation of a chronic, constantly recurring crack, which differs in considerable depth and edges covered with a connective tissue, which prevents normal healing of damage. Among other things, the indication for surgical treatment can be a permanent infection of the crack or an increased level of symptomatic manifestations that do not allow a person to lead a full life.

Operative fracture management can be performed under both local and general anesthesia. During surgical treatment, the connective tissue is removed and excision of the entire crack is performed, as well as suturing, which allows to completely eliminate the defect in the future.

After the operative treatment the patient must impose a special healing ointment or use another medicine that allows increasing the regeneration of tissues. In addition, in the surgical treatment of cracks, Botox injections can be used to eliminate spasm of the sphincter muscles, which contributes to the healing of defects.

5 Proper nutrition

When it comes to the question of how to treat an anal fissure or hemorrhoids, do not forget about such an aspect as a therapeutic diet. People suffering from such defects in the mucous membrane of the anus must necessarily revise the scheme and principles of their nutrition, since only in this case it is possible to reduce the pressure on the sphincter with the passage of stool and cure the fissure in the anus.

Thus, the main goal of the therapeutic diet is to mitigate feces.

The diet for an ankle fracture and a disease like hemorrhoids is approximately the same, it should include fresh vegetables and fruits that are rich in vitamins and vegetable fiber, foods containing lactic acid bacteria that can cope with the manifestations of dysbiosis.

An increase in the total amount of liquid consumed in pure form and in soups is required. The total volume of consumed liquid should exceed 2 liters. From the diet, it is necessary to completely exclude semi-finished products and other products containing more than 10% fat.

In addition, it is desirable to reduce the amount of consumed bakery products and sweets, as these products contribute to the development of constipation and other bowel dysfunctions. Proper nutrition allows you to soften the consistency of stool very quickly, which leads to less sphincter stretching during defecation.

6 Prevention of recurrence of

Prevention of the emergence of new cracks is an extremely important point for people who in the past have repeatedly encountered manifestations of this defect. To reduce the risk of recurrence of the anal fissure, you should at least once a week make baths containing herbs such herbs as:

• sea-buckthorn;
• Chamomile:
• St. John's Wort;
• calendula;
• millennia.

To stimulate the bowel and circulatory system of the pelvis, regular exercise and breathing exercises should be performed. As part of the prevention of exacerbation of cracks in people with this pathology, it is not necessary to restrain the urge to defecate and defecate when the first signs of the need to remove wastes appear. This behavior will not allow the feces to condense in the rectum. Such preventive measures allow you to control hemorrhoids.