1 Why do sigmoid diverticula arise?

During the whole life, the intestine processes a large amount of food. Like any other body, it wears out. A person does not always eat the right food. Sometimes consumed products cause increased formation of gas bubbles. The patient has a chronic increase in intestinal pressure. Muscle fibers of the sigmoid colon wall begin to stretch. Forms a kind of pocket, which is located on the outside of the intestine. These reasons are considered to be the very first and most important in the formation of diverticula.

With age, intestinal innervation is impaired. This pathology leads to a diverticulosis of the rectum or, as it is also called, sigmoid. Changes in the structure of the connective tissue of the intestine, constant failures in the synthesis of the collagen layer of the muscle fiber lead to a weakening and loss of its elasticity and elasticity. Food lumps that pass through the intestine, under their own weight, stretch weak walls and form multiple diverticula. Getting inside the pocket, small bones from fruit, berries can not independently exit from the narrow mouth of the diverticulum. Prolonged lying provokes the inflammatory process or diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon.

Patients suffering from prolonged constipation, make great efforts to relieve the intestines. At the same time, its thinned and stretched walls start the process of formation of diverticula.

Research data show that not only improper diet and age-related changes provoke this ailment, but also the anatomical structure of the intestine in some people. The walls of the sigmoid colon become thinner due to the presence of perforating vessels in them, which support the muscular framework. Diagnose and formed a muscle layer of three bands. Under the external and internal effects, the intestine becomes very weak. Medicine has become aware of the type of genes transmitted from parents to the child and carrying information on the development of this ailment.

2 The main signs of diverticulosis

Symptoms of the disease can be diagnosed if you do a little testing for yourself. It consists of four main signs of diverticulosis. These include:

• pain in the lower abdomen after the act of defecation;
• periodic occurrence of spasms;
• frequent constipation or frustration;
• feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the left side of the abdomen.

The above symptoms appear at a time when the diverticula are quite large, their number increases, and the internal contents become inflamed. Before this period, the disease can safely flow and not behave in any way. In the case of treatment in a medical institution, you can often hear a diagnosis of dysbiosis or chronic colitis. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of the disease is possible only after the passage through the intestine with the help of barium. This substance is filled with the whole digestive organ, and the radiologist can tell with accuracy whether there are puffed out pockets with contents.

Each patient should be alert to pain that arises and intensifies after a person has taken food. Sometimes it resembles an attack of appendicitis. Often the phenomenon of irradiation is observed, when the pain sensations are directed to the area of ​​the anus, the waist, the sacrum. The inguinal and gluteal zones become painful.

The established forms of diverticulosis can be determined by stool analysis. It contains blood. This signals that the contents of the diverticulum because of the inability to exit for a long time is inside the bag and forms bedsores and even microcracks, and in the hardest cases, perforation. Symptoms are supplemented by fever, a change in the clinical blood test. With such manifestations you should not joke, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor.

3 Methods of treatment

In order to choose the right and effective therapy, it is necessary to take into account several main factors. They include:

• age category of the patient;
• peculiarity of pathology;
• prediction of complications;
• general health status;
• features lifestyle and nutrition.

Proceeding from this prescribe medication and diet. It is recommended to use antibiotics having a wide spectrum of action. To relieve spasms, doctors recommend antispasmodic and pain medications. They are able to reduce muscle spasms and soothe the painful sensations. For good stimulation of intestinal motility it is necessary to take prokinetic means. The frequency of constipation can be reduced with the help of laxatives, which include lactulose.

To improve the cleavage of food, it is possible to add drugs containing enzymes. They will prevent increased gas formation, and the microflora in the intestine will recover. All remedies for the treatment of sigmoid colon diverticulitis are taken in the complex. Then you can talk about efficiency and a positive outlook.

There are cases when the pain in the intestine appears due to the impossibility of timely exit of feces. Then recommend enemas. But do not use a lot of water for this, so as not to stretch even more stretched muscle tissue.

Sigmoid diverticula can not be removed by surgery. To apply such an intervention is possible only when their contents have turned into a purulent mass and provoked the appearance of fistulas. Then there is a high probability that diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon turns into a malignant formation. In such pathologies, an operation is performed to remove the part of the intestine and then drain the abdominal cavity.

4 Diet

An important role in this disease is playing a proper and balanced diet. This is an important stage in the treatment of the disease. Snacks on the go, fast food, sandwiches, which are drunk with soda, can not but provoke an increase in gas formation and the formation of diverticula. Therefore, in order to quickly get rid of the disease, you need a diet with diverticulosis. It can be painted by an experienced doctor after a survey. The diet is replenished with food that is rich in fiber and bran. It can be all sorts of cereals, vegetables and fruits, previously subjected to heat treatment. But the diet for diverticulosis categorically prohibits fruit, the fruits of which contain many small bones. This applies to raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, currants, agrus. Bones have the property of freely penetrating into the formation and accumulating in them, causing the processes of suppuration. It is almost impossible to extract them from diverticula.

To ensure that stool is not retained in the intestine, it is necessary to take a large amount of liquid during the day. This list includes ordinary water, juices, broths. It is necessary to completely abandon sweets, chocolate, coffee, carbonated drinks, animal fats, meat.

The diet for diverticulosis provides food, which should be taken about 5-6 times a day. To eat follows small portions, thoroughly chewing on all the pieces. Separate nutrition will help improve the state of the gastrointestinal tract.

The diet for sigmoid colon diverticulitis is complemented by a flexible lifestyle. It is necessary to try to move as much as possible during the day. If you replace the usual trip in a fixed-route taxi for a walk, this will only help the body cope with the problem. Stagnant phenomena in the digestive organs with the constant work of all muscle groups will begin to disappear. And if you add to these movements and exercise, then the effectiveness can be observed in the first weeks of treatment of the disease.

Complex treatment, including drug therapy, diet, and the change of habitual sedentary to an active way of life will help relieve you of an unpleasant disease.

A diet with diverticulosis will help in the treatment of ailment.