1 The role of diagnosis in the examination of patients

As one of the types of medical diagnostic examinations, anoscopy is of considerable importance in the examination. The use of anoscopy allows you to get a lot of information in the following cases:

• when hemorrhoids occur;
• in the study of various neoplasms;
• in assessing inflammatory processes affecting the intestinal mucosa.

Anoscopic examination allows not only to determine the degree of development of pathology, but also to find out the nature of their formation. When anoscopy is carried out, it is also possible to obtain biopsy specimens or smears. All this, of course, matters in the diagnosis and the determination of the further possible path of treatment.

Undoubtedly, such a procedure can not be called pleasant, but it does not bring much discomfort and painful sensations. Although it allows you to get valuable information about the state of the intestines. That's why you should not be afraid, let alone neglect such a survey. Together with the professional approach to solving the problem by a specialist, anoscopy will allow you to cope with the disease in a short time and return to a full life.

2 Inspection tools

Upon hearing that an intestinal examination is necessary, any patient falls into a state of numbness. Fear of unknown until now research simply covers the person. But, considering that the development of medicine in general and in the field of diagnostics in particular makes it possible to use apparatus adapted for the natural needs of man, it is not worth to be afraid of new methods of examination.

The first copies of anoscopes - tools for anoscopy - were issued in the form of hollow solid tubes. Modern machines are made of soft material, which is convenient to use. In addition, now it is possible to use both anoscopes reusable application, and disposable apparatus.

Application of anoscopes in modern diagnostics in the field of proctology is compulsory. These devices allow you to put a correct diagnosis or clarify the previously available.

Currently, there are many different modifications to this medical tool, but in general they have a similar structure. The anoscope includes a tube, or, in other words, a tube that is 12 cm long and whose diameter does not exceed 2 cm. The base of the anoscope is slightly enlarged, and the handle moves away from it at a slight angle. Inside the barrel there is a rod - mandrake. Its end is similar to a cone and protrudes from the tube by 1 cm. The

Anoscope allows not only to examine the intestines, but also to take swab samples and biopsies. With it, you can enter medication.

3 The essence of the modern technique

Special difficulties in working with the anoscope are not experienced by either the doctor or the patient. The use of an anoscope is recognized as a fairly simple method of investigation.

Anoscopy in order for the survey to be carried out qualitatively requires little preparation. For this, the procedure requires complete emptying of the intestine and carrying out a cleansing enema with a volume of 1.5-2 liters of water, the temperature of which corresponds to the temperature of the human body.

Before applying the device to the doctor, the proctologist should perform a finger examination of the rectal area. Only after this, an anoscope can be inserted into the anal canal.

For the anoscopic examination the patient can take any position convenient for him. The posture of the patient does not affect the results of the examination. It is important that the patient is not tense.

The anoscope is inserted into the anus without effort. This is done slowly in circular motions, so as not to cause pain in the patient. The depth of the device is usually 10 cm.

During the examination, it is possible to determine whether the subject has hemorrhoids, mucosal inflammations or tumor-like tumors.

Usually the diagnostic examination process does not drag on for more than a quarter of an hour and passes painlessly. But if the patient feels uncomfortable, it should immediately tell the doctor about it. In this case, the doctor will apply a special gel or use an anesthetic. If there is a need for additional medications, the patient needs to know in advance whether he is allergic to an anesthetic.

Undoubtedly, ease of anoscopy should not serve as an excuse for using this survey method as the only one. The data obtained on the basis of anoscopy can not be completely reliable, therefore, other types of examination are required.

4 Indications and contraindications for prescribing

The importance of anoscopy for various diseases associated with intestinal bowel disturbance has already been discussed. Now we should pay attention to when and to whom such a diagnostic method of examination is assigned.

In addition to the fact that anoscopy is an obligatory procedure for visiting the colonoprostologist's office, this type of study is used in various pathological conditions, among which:

• tenderness in the anus and rectum;
• bloody, purulent or mucous discharge;
• persistent stool disorder;
• presence of hemorrhoids;
• inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.

Although anoscopy is recognized as a fairly simple method for examining the anal area, it has some contraindications. Of course, they can not be called absolute, but still conducting such a study should be postponed or use additional methods of anesthesia.

So, relative contraindications to the use of an anoscopic survey method can be considered:

• narrowing of the anal lumen;
• narrowing of the rectum;
• acute stages of inflammatory-infectious processes;
• tumors;
• burns of different origin;
• cases of exacerbation of chronic anal fissure.

If there is a question about saving the patient's life, an anoscopic examination is performed, despite the available relative contraindications. An example of such a case can be profuse bleeding, the causes and localization of which remain unexplained.