Men are slightly less likely to contract HIV infection than women. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the reproductive system and the location of the pathogenic microorganism. Pathology rarely presents a danger to others. Many people mistakenly believe that the disease is transmitted by touching or using a shared towel. This is not true. To understand the peculiarities of the development of pathology, it is necessary to know its etiology.
Characteristics of the pathology of
HIV infection can not occur through saliva, gastric juice, urinary fluid. In these fluids, viral cells do not live more than 5-10 minutes. Through this time interval, he perishes.
Pathology is a microvirus that causes destruction of the human immune system. Upon ingestion into the blood, the HIV cell forms chromosomal DNA compounds from its RNA.The resulting molecules are similar to the carrier in whose organism the virus has got. The DNA of the virus causes the cells to destroy their own nucleus and produce pathogens.
With a strong decline in the immune system, the virus spreads throughout the body. Pathology proceeds in several stages. If the pathology has not passed into the stage of AIDS, the patient can live the term measured to him.
You should also know how HIV is transmitted from person to person. This will help to understand the mistakes of the surrounding people carriers.
Transmission routes of infection
Risk factors for the virus in men are very low. The danger is only a sexual aspect. In case of sexual contact, infection can occur in the following cases:
- Contraceptive failure;
- Anal;
- Presence of erosive conditions in the partner;
- Concomitant pathologies, transmitted through the genitals.
The main mistake of many young people is uncontrolled sexual contacts. In some cases, they are single. With an unfamiliar partner, you need to use protective equipment. Many pharmacy kiosks offer a wide range of different condoms. The price range is also varied. Using a condom will help prevent infection with various diseases that are transmitted through the reproductive system.
With anal contact, the risk of microcracks appearing on the intestinal mucosa increases. Blood is the main source of the virus in the body. If one partner has HIV, infection through the wound can occur. Also, the risk increases when seminal fluid enters the anus. The male's sperm contains several times more viral cells than the mucous secret of the female vagina.
Women's erosive conditions also lead to the defeat of the HIV partner. When eroded, the dead endometrial cells accumulate in the uterus. On the affected area develops a strong inflammatory process. In a complex course of pathology, a woman develops intermenstrual bleeding. Erosion in its characteristics represents an open wound on the wall of the vagina. Through this wound, the virus quickly penetrates the mucosa of the penis. The man is infected.
Concomitant pathologies that are transmitted through the genitals lead to a rapid infection of one of the partners. This is due to the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the reproductive system. With complicated course, the patient develops sores on the affected area. The sore can bleed. Through it, the virus enters the bloodstream and begins to multiply actively. With such infection, HIV is not liable to remission.
The use of narcotic substances also applies to transmission routes. Many drugs are injected into the bloodstream through a syringe. Using a syringe leads to HIV infection in 6% of patients. This is due to the peculiarities of the life of the virus. HIV can live in a syringe up to half an hour, in a needle it dies after 45-70 minutes. Drug use is one of the reasons for the destruction of modern men by a pathogenic microorganism. Statistics show that the main percentage of infection is among people who use drugs.
Stages of the disease and their features
Pathology is not found in men immediately after unprotected sex. To determine if infection has occurred, you need to wait 12 weeks. During this period, the virus provokes the body to a protective reaction. In the patient's blood, antibodies will be detected. Antibodies are necessary for the body to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. In the case of HIV, antibodies can not have a devastating effect on the nucleus of the virus. Cells continue to multiply, the number of antibodies increases.
Pathology proceeds in several stages. Physicians distinguish the following main stages of the development of the disease:
- The incubation period of the virus;
- Exacerbation of the disease;
- Carrier stage;
- AIDS.
The incubation period can last from several days to several months. During this period in the bloodstream of men, protective cells are not found. A person may not know anything about his infection before the onset of an acute condition. In this period, it is necessary to take an analysis for the presence of antibodies every three months. At the first detection of pathogenic microorganisms, a person is referred for treatment.
The aggravation stage is accompanied by symptoms similar to the rotovirus infection. The patient significantly increases body temperature. The patient begins to shiver and fever. On the second day there is diarrhea and vomiting. There is an increase in headaches and migraine headaches. The man has muscle weakness, there is excessive fatigue. Many patients confuse the symptoms of the disease with other viral infections. When symptoms disappear, patients stop panicking and do not seek help from a specialist. This leads to a latent isolation of the virus in the body of the carrier.
The carrier stage is the most common among patients suffering from HIV infection. With that stage you can live a measured period with proper treatment. If therapy is not provided to the patient, the formation of AIDS occurs. It should be borne in mind that patients who are in a latent stage do not pose a danger to others. The risk of transmission may occur only during sexual intercourse.
The stage of AIDS is characterized by a sharp decrease in the immune defense of all organs and systems. At this stage, patients do not live more than 3-5 years. This is due to the destruction of cells that are part of the body tissues. At this stage, treatment does not lead to remission.
Erroneous Transmission Routes
Modern people are afraid of patients who are carriers of HIV.These are due to the lack of information about the disease. Physicians identify the following ways through which HIV infection does not occur:
- When kissing with the carrier;
- Through household items;
- When visiting public places for swimming;
- When sneezing or runny nose in the carrier.
When kissing, the virus is not transmitted. This is due to its characteristics. Cells of pathogens die at high temperatures, when they get into enzymatic liquids and when there is an abundance of oxygen. At a kiss the virus does not get to a saliva of the patient. It contains a large amount of enzyme substance, which has a harmful effect on the virus. Therefore, many carriers lead a normal lifestyle.
Many people are also afraid to use a towel or bedding that has been in contact with the HIV carrier. This is mistake. Infection does not occur even if blood gets to these household items. The cells of the virus instantly die in the air. At washing the destruction occurs in the first minute of water heating up to 50%.
Swimming in swimming pools and rivers with HIV carriers is safe. Cells of pathogenic microorganism instantly die in water.
If you remember that all thawed waters fall into rivers and lakes, then the amount of enzymatic substances in them is high. In pools the special disinfectants are used. These funds lead to the death of all microorganisms trapped in water.
If an HIV patient sneezes next to a healthy person, infection does not occur. If you sneeze on the surface of the nasal mucosa, a liquid is released that contains enzymes. They do not survive pathogens. Also, the way of transmission through a handshake or touching the skin is excluded.
Who is more prone to infection
The risk of developing infection in men is lower than that of women. A woman has a certain structure of the reproductive system. Thanks to him, the fair sex is more rapid development of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Inflammatory processes cause in the female organs the appearance of microcracks, erosions and other wounds. They are an ideal place for the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism.
Also, infection in men can occur in utero. This becomes possible if the boy's mother is a latent carrier. Modern medical centers obliged all patients in the situation to take an analysis for the presence of antibodies to HIV.If the pathology of a pregnant woman is identified, she is given special therapy.
Physicians introduce special antiretroviral drugs into the bloodstream of the mother. These substances stimulate the development of immune defense in the patient. In 95% of such mothers healthy babies are born. Supervision of the child lasts up to 2 years. If a child does not detect antibodies during this time interval, then he is completely healthy. Such children can attend kindergartens on a par with other children. To be afraid of infection from the mother should not. This is impossible for all indicators.
The risk of infection can also increase with different injuries. This way is called household.
This includes carrying out surgical interventions not with sterile instruments. At the same time, a pathogenic virus enters the patient's bloodstream. Infection occurs with the use of reusable medical instruments. For this reason, many clinics have switched to a one-time toolkit.
There is a significant risk with the transfusion of blood fluid or the replanting of donor organs or tissues. Such infection can occur if the donor's history is not thoroughly studied. In this case, 90% of patients have a rejection of the donor material.
HIV test is not mandatory or mandatory. The patient has the right to undergo this examination without presenting passport data. The procedure is confidential. The results are available only to men. If there is a positive value, it is necessary to apply for antiretroviral therapy in a timely manner. Such an impact will help to live a long life.
HIV therapy in the modern world is very successful. Remission is achieved in 70% of patients. To avoid infection, you need to know how the virus is transmitted, and follow the protection rules.
