What to do if the foot is dislocated: first aid and treatment

The dislocation of the foot is the displacement of the bones that are articulated in the joint bag, with a partial or complete loss of their physiological contact.

This pathology has many varieties, each of which has characteristic individual characteristics.

Theoretically, a dislocation can occur in the area of ​​any joint, despite the fact that the joints strengthen powerful ligaments and cover the bones.

Injury of the lower part of the foot may be accompanied by rupture of the joint capsule, soft tissues or ligaments.

Classification of pathology

There are 26 bones in the human foot thatare divided into three departments: phalanx of fingers, metatarsus and tarsus. Depending on the location of the pathology, the dislocation of the foot can be divided into the following

• Ankle - does not occur in isolation, combined with other kinds of dislocations. Occurs when the foot is tucked inwardly or inwardly, as well as at the moment of forced traumatic extension or direct impact on the foot;
• Subtended - appears when the back area of ​​the foot is damaged or the weight falls on the leg. It occurs very rarely, most often with a fracture of the talus bone. Characterized by palpation pain in the place of the Achilles tendon and in the calcaneal region. It can cause the development of trophic disorders, as well as poorly treatable;
• Shoparova - isolated very rarely, due to the presence of a dense intraarticular ligament that holds the intersubbinate junction. Dislocation Shoparova joint is partial in nature and is accompanied by a fracture of the tarsal bones. There is a pathology when exposed to heavy objects such as the wheels of a car;
• The Lisfrank junction - is not common and has the same mechanism of trauma and clinical picture as other dislocations. Isolated damage does not occur;
• Plususfalangovy - a frequent type of damage, the pathogenic basis of which is a large interarticular gap and the absence of a periarticular fixation device. This pathology mainly occurs when a person has diabetes mellitus;
• Interphalangeal is a more rare pathology characterized by a dislocation in the proximal interphalangeal joint. Occurs when strikes against a hard object or when it falls on an area of ​​an unraveled foot.

About the causes of dislocation of the ankle joint, as well as information on what to do with an ankle dislocation in our article.

What is the peculiarity of the subluxation of the cervical vertebra in a child and what is worth paying close attention to in trauma, read here.

The dislocation of the foot due to the mismatch of the surfaces of the joints can be divided into the following types of :

• Complete is a rare pathological condition in which there is an absolute mismatch of articular surfaces. It is accompanied by serious damage to the ligamentous apparatus, as well as fractures in the area of ​​the ankle;
• Outer - is characterized by a partial mismatch of the surface of the joints and occurs when the foot is turned sideways or outward. This type of pathology is often accompanied by a fracture of the inner region of the ankle;
• Internal - occurs when you turn the foot inside. This dislocation is combined with an internal fracture of the ankle;
• Rear - formed with a sharp forcible fold of the foot to the sole or due to a sharp blow to the rear area.

Symptomatology and signs of the disease

In the photo, a medial dislocation in the subtalar part of the foot

Regardless of the type and type of dislocation of the foot, the symptomatology of this pathology is practically the same. The injured first feels a sharp and severe pain in the damaged area of ​​the , which, together with the ankle, strongly deforms and swells. In some cases bruising and cyanosis appear in the area of ​​the dislocation, which indicates the damage to blood vessels.

Depending on the type of injury, various signs of dislocation of the foot can be distinguished with which the is diagnosed :

• The ankle joint is characterized by a deformity of the foot, which is accompanied by a severe pain syndrome. In this case, it is impossible to get on foot;
• When the dislocated dislocation changes the shape of the foot, which occurs simultaneously with sharp pain;
• Interstitial dislocation of can be determined if there is unbearable pain in the foot at the time of motor activity. In this case, puffiness appears very quickly;
• Damage of metatarsal bones is accompanied by severe pain manifestations and widening or shortening of the foot in the anterior region;
• The dislocation of the fingers is characterized by deformation of the joints and pain in the damaged area.

Diagnostic techniques

The diagnosis of a dislocation of the foot is made quite simply by performing a physical examination of the injured limb. To confirm the diagnosis, it is recommended to undergo an X-ray examination.

First aid to the injured

Competently and promptly rendered first aid in case of dislocation of the foot - half the success in of the further rehabilitation of .

What should I do if I suspect a leg dislocation:

1. Fixation - if the foot is damaged, the first thing to do is to immobilize the joint by applying a tire from improvised means, using, for example, a ruler or a board;
2. Analgesia - it is recommended to take non-prescription analgesics to reduce pain;
3. Removing edema - the development of edema can be slowed down with a cooling ointment or by applying an ice warmer to the injured part of the foot.

Medical treatment for foot damage

Treatment of leg dislocation differs depending on of the type of limb injury:

1. In any trauma, the first step is to correct the bones in the correct position, after which a repeated X-ray is performed;
2. If the closed direction is unsuccessful and causes additional damage, then there is a need for an operative intervention, due to which the occurrence of deforming arthrosis is prevented;
3. After repositioning on a damaged area of ​​the lower limb, a sterile gypsum dressing is applied, which is removed after a certain period of time( 3-12 weeks).

Recovery after injury

After the procedure for correcting and treating the dislocation of the foot, comes after the rehabilitation period.

Thanks to these measures, the joints of the injured limb are developed, and the eliminates atrophy of the muscles .

In the presence of pain syndrome, it is recommended to use an anesthetic cream that relieves not only discomfort, but also helps to eliminate inflammation and swelling. Fulfilling all the requirements of the doctor in the rehabilitation period, the patient can significantly accelerate the recovery process and prevent the development of complications.

Video: How to diagnose dislocation and provide first aid