As a result of head injuries, strokes, inflammatory processes and much more, speech centers and other zones that are responsible for speech functions can be damaged in the human brain.
This leads to a problem such as aphasia, which is characterized as a violation of an already formed human speech.
There are several types of impairment depending on the symptoms and what part of the brain was affected.
There are amnestic, sensory, motor and sensory-motor aphasia.
Contents of
- Displays of Broke Disorder
- What can cause a breakdown?
- How to identify and classify a failure in speech?
- Afferent disorder
- Efferent form of aphasia
- Diagnosis
- Approach to therapy
Disorders of Broca
In motor or as it is also called, Broca's aphasia, the following symptoms are observed:
- incorrect pronunciation of words;
- permutation of sounds;
- the difficulty in switching from one word to another;
- confusion in cases and declensions, impoverishment of the lexicon.
In this case, the patient retains an understanding of the oral speech of another person.
What can cause frustration?
The reason for such a violation is the defeat, to the best of the various factors of the left frontal lobe, where one of the speech centers is located - Broca's center.
It should be noted that the causes of any type of aphasia can be factors of all kinds.
Here are some of them:
- motor aphasia can appear after a stroke;
- injury and severe head injuries;
- inflammatory processes, tumors, encephalitis, when as a result of a hemorrhage into the brain or tumor, the centers responsible for speech functions are damaged;
- some mental illness;
- operations on the brain, which led to complications.
The risk factors include the following:
- high blood pressure;
- heart defects of a rheumatic character;
- Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease.
How to identify and classify a failure in speech?
Afferent disorder
In this case, the affected area is the posterior - central and parietal part of the cerebral cortex.
The main defect in this case is the inability of a person to accurately pronounce individual sounds. The patient may confuse sounds similar in sound and close in articulation.
In this case, a person simply can not find the right variant of pronunciation and articulation to express their thoughts without changing sounds.
Efferent form of aphasia
Efferent aphasia is characterized by damage to the premotor cortex of the left cerebral hemisphere, more precisely, its lower parts, which causes a violation of speech functions.
In this case, there may be a so-called telegraphic speech, when the person's vocabulary becomes poorer, and it is expressed in brief and concise sentences.
Such expressions consist of simple predicates and infinitives, therefore they remind the messages transmitted by the telegraph earlier.
In addition, it is difficult for a person to switch from one word to another, and he also has to replace one letter with another.
The reading and writing skills in this case also seriously worsen, if the disease is severe, it can disappear altogether.
It should be noted that any form of aphasia has similar symptoms, which consist in the fact that the speech functions of a person are violated and have different deviations.
But there are some differences:
- With sensory aphasia, a person in some way understands the spoken language of another, but it's hard for him to express his thoughts. His conversation resembles a dictionary crumb, because speech is incoherent.
- 's alarming symbols for motor are a violation of articulation, a person can replace some letters with others, confuse endings, his vocabulary becomes poorer, since there are no other parts of speech except predicates and infinitives in it. Sometimes, when the disease manifests itself in an acute form, a person can use only speech emboli such as "yes-yes" and "no-no".
It should be noted that the symptoms can be similar and accurate diagnosis can only be established by a qualified specialist .
In addition to this, total defeat can be observed and in this case the disease is characterized as sensory-motor aphasia and consequently the symptoms will be common. In this case, the symptoms are mild in the mild form of the disease.
Diagnosis of
To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to consult an experienced speech therapist and neurologist. It is important to establish the root cause of aphasia, as well as to appoint a reasonable treatment that will help to gradually improve and restore speech skills.
Speech therapist will ask questions to the patient to determine what exactly is the problem and on the symptoms and answers of the patient he will be able to deliver an accurate diagnosis.
In addition, the diagnosis includes various necessary procedures, such as computed tomography and MRI, as well as ultrasound of the vessels of the head and neck and duplex scanning.
All these procedures will help to identify the focus of the disease and determine its localization.
When a person hears everything, but sensory aphasia does not understand anything. What are the reasons for the disorder and the methods of its treatment, learn in the article. Hemorrhagic stroke is a serious illness that can lead not only to aphasia, but also to more severe consequences. More details here.
Approach to the therapy of
It should be noted that the treatment of any type of aphasia involves several important factors:
- it is important to identify and eliminate the root cause of aphasia;
- various exercises will help restore speech skills;
- moral support will help not to lose heart.
Moral support of a person with aphasia is a very important factor.
Such people can fall into a depressed state or into apathy, therefore it is necessary to create a relaxed atmosphere so that a person would like to speak and it was easier for him to remember words and pronounce them correctly.
The speech therapist can advise effective exercises and training, which will contribute to the gradual 
restoration of speech functions.
It is worth starting such exercises immediately after diagnosis, because over time, a person may develop incorrect speech emboli and fix incorrect pronunciation and agramatic speech.
It is necessary to deal with a sick person regularly, but at the same time to understand the limited possibilities of a patient with aphasia at first. In the first days of the patient quickly get tired, but with time the duration of the exercises can be increased.
First exercises will take 10-15 minutes several times a day, then about an hour several times a day.
In this case, consider the following points:
- should give the patient enough time for him to gather his thoughts and pick up the right word;
- talk to him as before his illness: tell him stories and what he was interested in before;
- involve aphasics in conversation, use gestures and facial expressions.
The period of full restoration of speech abilities of a person can reach up to 2 years, although it all depends on the age and strength of the patient's will, as well as on the degree of the disease and the nature of the lesions.
It is important to eliminate the root cause of the disease and if it is a tumor or a hemorrhage that damaged Broca's speech center, then surgery may be required.
In addition, it is important and medical treatment, because such drugs are designed to improve blood flow to the damaged area of the brain and thus contribute to early recovery of speech.
Motor aphasia can be caused by various causes, but it is a disease in violation of speech functions. With timely diagnosis and quality and proper treatment, speech functions can be restored.
