Cyst of the thyroid gland - what is it, treatment and symptoms

The thyroid gland is located on the front surface of the neck and is an endocrine organ that produces vital hormones.

If any inclusions or densities are formed in the tissues of the thyroid, then they speak of the development of the gland cyst - but, what is it and how to treat the cyst? Let's look at this in detail.

Thyroid cyst - what is it?

The thyroid cyst is the formation of nodular cavities filled with fluid inside the gland. They resemble a structure of a kind of capsule, which you can grope at the usual medical examination.

Formations can be single or multiple, malignant or benign. Isolate the colloid cyst of the thyroid gland( non-toxic goiter) and follicular( gland adenoma).The last type of cyst is most often found in young women and is due to a change in the hormonal background.

Depending on the location of the pathological process, the following are distinguished:

• Cyst of the left lobe of the thyroid gland;
• The cyst is an isthmus;
• Cyst of the right lobe of the gland.

The thyroid lobe of the thyroid gland is most often found, the clinical manifestations will depend on the location of the pathological process.

Cyst of the right lobe of the thyroid gland

When a cyst is formed on the right side of the gland, the patient will complain of the following symptoms:

• Difficulty swallowing, foreign body sensation on the right side;
• Tissue compression in the neoplasm;
• Pershing in the pharynx on the right side;
• Enlarged lymph nodes on the right;
• Change in voice, hoarseness, hoarseness.

Cyst of the left lobe of the thyroid gland

The cyst of the left lobe is characterized by the appearance of the following clinical symptoms:

• Headaches;
• Pain in the heart;
• Enlarged lymph nodes on the left;
• Feeling of a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing.

In severe cases, numerous cysts and nodes are observed in both lobes of the gland.

A little about the causes of the disease

The tissue structure of the thyroid gland is represented by numerous follicles, filled inside with gelatinous protein matter( colloid) from protogermones. With any violation of the production of these hormones, the follicle cavity increases significantly, resulting in the formation of a cyst.

Predisposing causes of such a violation are the following:

• Constant stress;
• Physical overvoltage;
• Postponed surgical interventions;
• Increased production of hormones in the body, hormonal imbalance;
• Inflammatory diseases of thyroid gland;
• Iodine deficiency;
• Poisoning of the body with chemicals, toxic substances or some drugs;
• Injuries of the neck in front, as a result of which the thyroid gland is broken;
• Poor environmental conditions;
• Congenital gland pathologies;
• Genetic predisposition;
• Pathological proliferation of thyroid tissue.

Signs and Symptoms of the Thyroid Cyst

The clinical picture of the disease depends largely on the degree of progression of the process and the size of the cyst. Common signs of the thyroid lobes in the patient are:

1. Difficulty swallowing act - the patient complains of the presence of a foreign object in the throat, a lump, a feeling that he choked;
2. Violation of full breathing - this symptom is caused by an increase in the organ, as a result of which part of the gland presses on the larynx and trachea;
3. Change in voice - hoarseness, hoarseness;
4. Sealing and enlarging lymphatic cervical nodes.

In addition, the symptomatology of the disease depends on the variety of the cyst. The colloid cyst of the thyroid gland is characterized by the appearance of rapid heartbeat and dyspnea in the patient, in some cases the body temperature can rise to 40 degrees and chill.

In severe situations, cysts become inflamed, which is fraught with the development of sepsis and other serious complications.

Cyst in pregnant women

Since during pregnancy all organs and systems of a woman work in a strengthened mode, accordingly, the load on the thyroid gland, including, increases.

The cyst of the thyroid gland in women in an interesting situation develops as a result of a powerful hormonal surge or the old growth is progressing under the influence of the same hormonal adjustment.

When palpating the front of the woman's neck, a doctor reveals palpable seals and thyroid nodules. As a rule, cysts formed during pregnancy, after childbirth and the end of the lactation period dissolve independently and do not require special treatment, but only observations from the endocrinologist.

Thyroid cyst in children

The formation of thyroid cysts in children is most often observed during puberty and intensive growth. The organ does not have time to adapt to the changes occurring on the hormonal background, resulting in the formation of cysts and seals in its tissues.

In addition, the following factors can cause the formation of thyroid cysts in a child:

• Frequent colds;
• Weak immunity;
• Prolonged treatment with any medications;
• Injuries to the neck;
• Postponed operations;
• Iodine deficiency in the body;
• Bad ecology;
• Diseases of the mother, borne during pregnancy;
• Stress and increased physical activity.

If a cyst is detected, the thyroid gland of the child is registered with the endocrinologist and monitored carefully, periodically examining it comprehensively. In young children and adolescents, the risk of degeneration of a benign process into a malignant tumor is very high.

Parents of the child should be alerted to the following symptoms that occur in the child:

• Failure to eat, complaints of difficulty swallowing;
• Intensive sweating;
• Lethargy, irritability, capriciousness;
• Increase in body temperature to high levels( over 39 degrees);
• Cough and hoarseness;
• Enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes.

If this symptom occurs, the child should be shown to the doctor as soon as possible.

Diagnosis of the cyst

Diagnosing the cyst of the gland in most cases is not difficult. Neoplasms of large size are noticeable visually and palpable. Cysts of small size are easily detected by the ultrasound of the organ and blood tests to the level of thyroid hormones.

To determine the type of cyst and the nature of the process( benign or malignant), a puncture of the neoplasm is carried out, the obtained point is sent for examination to the laboratory. Based on the data obtained, the doctor appoints the patient appropriate treatment.

Treatment of thyroid cyst

The size of the neoplasm, the nature of the onset and the severity of the clinical symptoms of the pathology largely depends on how to treat the thyroid cyst.

Optimum, when the cyst is detected at an early stage of its development, when the size of the lesion does not exceed 3 cm in diameter.

In the absence of growth of the cyst and stable condition of the patient, the neoplasm is simply observed in the endocrinologist, periodically passes control tests and undergoes ultrasound.

With the growth of the cyst, the gland can be damaged, which leads to the development of serious consequences and complications for the whole organism. Treatment at this stage can be conservative or operative.

In the cavity of the cysts are introduced a special thin needle solutions, causing the fall of its walls and further scarring of tissues. After this, preparations of iodine and synthetic analogues of thyroid hormones are prescribed.

When a cyst grows large or large, the patient is necessarily punctured. For the procedure, use a thin needle, which pumped out the contents of the cavity of the cyst and direct it to further histological examination. When suppuration cysts the patient is prescribed antibiotics.

Indications for an operative intervention are:

• Progressive growth of the cyst;
• Pressure of neoplasm on adjacent organs and blood vessels, which leads to disruption of their functioning;Relapse of disease and formation of new cysts;
• Rebirth in Cancer.

Surgical removal of the affected thyroid gland is performed.

In some cases, surgery on the gland is replaced by laser coagulation. This method is minimally invasive and not as traumatic as cavitary intervention. It consists in removing the cyst by a laser beam under ultrasound control.

How to treat the cyst of the thyroid gland folk remedies?

Folk recipes are ineffective in the progression of the thyroid gland, in addition to not resorting to a doctor and self-medication herbs can lead to the loss of time and the regeneration of tumors into cancer.

Traditional medicine can only be used along with adequate therapy prescribed by a doctor, not instead of it.

The following herbal medicines help the thyroid gland:

• Cinquefoil;
• Celandine;
• Alternate;
• Nettles.

A spoonful of dry grass can be added to a thermos bottle with black tea, insist, filter and drink several times a day.

Consequences of

It is important not to start the pathological process and call the doctor in time. The progressive cyst of the thyroid gland is fraught with the development of negative consequences:

• Disruption of the internal organs as a result of pressure on their walls or large blood vessels and nerves;
• Rebirth in Cancer;
• Education of abscesses cysts;
• Sepsis;
• The formation of goiter.

Prevention

In order to prevent the development of cysts of the thyroid gland, one should lead a healthy lifestyle, do not take medicines without prescribing a doctor, treat inflammatory diseases in time, and eat a balanced diet.