The disease was first described by Maurice Reynaud.
Characterized by spasm of small vessels in the fingers, the tip of the nose, the chin and the auricles.
Accompanied by numbness, chills, chills and pain in the hands, which after a while may remain blue and cold for a while.
In extreme cases, the pathology of can induce tissue necrosis followed by gangrene, which can cause amputation.
According to statistics, this disease is more common in countries with a cool climate. Women are more common - 21%, in men 16% .The chance of getting sick doubles when working with the risk of developing a vibrational disease.
Causes of Raynaud's syndrome
The most common disease is in the middle latitudes, in cold and hot latitudes pathology is extremely rare. As already mentioned, the cause of Raynaud's disease can become complications from a number of diseases, they can be combined according to the following
groups:- Rheumatic diseases: systemic scleroderma( inflammation of small vessels of the body), systemic lupus erythematosus( inflammation of connective tissue), rheumatoid arthritis( inflammatory processesin small joints), dermatomyositis( disorders in connective tissue, loss of motor activity of skeletal and smooth muscles), Sjogren's syndrome( lesion of glandular tissue), nodular periarumtrit( lesion of small and medium arterial vessels), obliterating thromboangiitis( inflammation of veins and arteries) and many others.
- Some vascular diseases: obliterating atherosclerosis( progressive arterial disease leading to gangrene), postthrombotic syndrome( consequences of severe thrombosis).
- Blood pathologies: cryoglobulinemia( in the blood there are immunoglobulins, which drop out when the blood temperature drops), multiple myeloma( uncontrolled reproduction of plasma cells in the bone marrow, followed by destruction of bones), thrombocytosis( increase in platelets above the norm).
- The so-called professional Raynaud's syndrome: is a vibrating white finger( developed with vibration for more than 3 years), chlorovinyl disease( chronic poisoning with vinyl chloride).
- Reynaud's drug syndrome: appears in some as a response to Ergothamine, Serotonin, Beta blockers.
- The non-corrosive nature of the syndrome occurs when the neurovascular bundle is compressed, followed by the development of severe pain, also occurs with paralysis.
- With prolonged immobilization of , as well as oncological diseases that cause paraneoplastic syndrome.
Classification of the syndrome
Etiopathogenetic classification - this classification is the most complete, it was developed by L. and P. Langeron, L. Croccel in 1959:
- Local origin of occurs in occupational injuries or for other reasons, as well as due to finger arteritis( inflammation of the
arteries), aneurysm in the vessels of the fingers and feet. - Regional origin of - cervical ribs( arise in case of abnormalities in the reverse development, as the human embryo has 29 pairs of ribs, and the newborn has 12 pairs), the syndrome of the anterior staircase muscle( due to compression of the neurovascular bundle, hypertension of the muscle appears)syndrome of abrupt abduction of the hand and lesion in intervertebral discs.
- Segmental origin of is observed in arterial segmental obliteration( invasion of small arteries), which leads to vasomotor disturbances in the lower limbs.
- Reynaud on the background of systemic diseases - arteritis, with primary pulmonary and arterial hypertension.
- Diseases that cause circulatory failure are traumatic veins, thrombophlebitis, heart failure, spasms of vessels feeding the retina, angiospasm of the brain vessels.
- With lesions of the nervous system - akrodinia( pain in distal limbs), syringomyelia( formation of spinal cavities), multiple sclerosis( myelin( insulating) layer of nerve fibers is damaged).
- The manifestation of the syndrome on the background of diseases of the digestive system is a stomach ulcer, colitis, as well as functional and organic diseases of the digestive tract.
- For various endocrine disorders: disorders in the functions of the pituitary gland, adrenal gland tumors, hyperparathyroidism( excess production of parathyroid hormone), Graves disease, menopause and menopause( as a result of surgery and radiation therapy).
- With congenital splenomegaly ( enlarged spleen) - hemopoiesis is disrupted.
- With cryoglobulation.
- With scleroderma.
- True Raynaud's Disease.
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Symptoms of the disease
The disease appears in most cases after 10 years, 50% of cases between 10 and 14 years have a hereditary nature.
If the symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome are manifested after 25 years, and the patient has had no problems with blood circulation, then there are manifestations of as a consequence.
Very rarely after strong emotional shocks the syndrome may appear in people over 50 years old. The most early manifestation of disease is increased chilliness of the fingers, then there will be blanching, even with episodes of paralysis.
In the future, the following symptoms of Raynaud's disease are typical: whitening of the skin gradually turning into cyanosis, then reddening of the skin. The attack lasts usually several minutes, less often several hours.
Symptoms appear only with an attack.
Most often, the provoking factor is the effect of cold. For some, due to individual characteristics, the disease can develop with a short exposure to cold and a certain humidity.
According to the latest data, up to half of the cases are associated with with psychogenic nature. All described symptoms are characteristic of the first stage of the disease.
The second shows signs of asphyxia, with the subsequent appearance of edema due to trophic changes in the tissues, and the increased vulnerability of the skin of the fingers is also noted. Trophic disorders are characterized by their locality, alternation of exacerbations and remissions, and development always comes from terminal phalanges.
In the third stage of , dystrophic processes in the fingers of the limbs and face are observed, against the backdrop of aggravation of all symptoms. The rate of development of the syndrome directly depends on the progression of the primary disease, which was the primary cause.
Symptoms of Raynaud's Syndrome on Photo
In 60% of cases with unexplained nature of the disease is noted for various neurological disorders: up to 24% of cases occur in migraines, in others headaches, heaviness in the head, back pain, hands and feet, many can add sleep disturbances.
Approximately 9% of cases occur in hypertension of the arteries, which can cause pain in the region of the heart.
Treatment procedures
To choose an effective treatment if the symptoms of Raynaud's disease are detected is a difficult task because of problems with revealing primary factors, as well as understanding the mechanism of vascular changes.
Recommendations suitable for all patients Raynaud's syndrome - to exclude cooling, smoking and other factors that can cause spasm of peripheral vessels.
Often, to reduce or disappear the syndrome, you need to change the type of work( if associated with vibration) or move to a permanent residence in warmer countries.
nifedipine, verapamil, nicardipine, etc. are actively used to fight the disease
is a great help to many patients is a drug that improves microcirculation, but treatment is required to be performed twice a year, as it does not treatcause of the disease, but struggles with its consequences.
The use of drugs is usually combined with physio- and reflexotherapy, actively using psychotherapy.
In conclusion, I want to say - take care of your nervous system and watch for bodily health.
Have an active rest, do sports, find a hobby, and better a few - this will help you avoid cycling problems that lead to constant stress, and then to a whole bouquet of diseases on a nervous basis.
Remember - IN A HEALTHY BODY, HEALTHY SPIRIT!
Video: Reynaud's syndrome
The video examines such a pathology as Raynaud's syndrome. What is the specificity of the symptoms and treatment of Raynaud's disease.
