2 The main causes of

Physiologically, children in 2 years are not yet developed, their intestines and mucous membranes are still very weak and require a certain diet. But not only the wrong diet can cause constipation in children 2 years old.

Organic constipation occurs in the child if there are abnormalities of the intestine. They can be congenital or acquired. Constipation, arising for these reasons, the phenomenon is not frequent, but known.

Congenital pathology, for example, an elongated sigmoid colon and absent innervation of the large intestine, is discovered and cured at the age of two. The given disease proceeds in the acute form, the symptomatology is shown already in the first week of a life of the kid. Signs include: a constantly swollen abdomen, endless boiling in the intestines, abdominal pains that appear against the background of gases and feces stagnation.

One of the most common causes of the development of organic constipation is a tumor, adhesions, polyps. Treatment involves surgery. Organic constipation can cause acute and chronic obstruction, regardless of age, even in adolescents.

Functional constipation. Such types of constipation in children in 2 years can be caused by inefficient nutrition, when the diet is dominated by protein and fatty foods, almost no food, rich in vegetable fiber.

Constant fluid deficiency leads to disruption of secretion of intestinal mucosa, which contributes to the softening of stool and unhindered removal of them. Many mothers somehow think that if a child drinks a lot - it's pathology. But, do not forget that the daily rate for 2 years of life is at least 1 liter of water. In no case should children be restricted in drinking.

Another reason for functional constipation is the imbalance of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal flora, caused by the intake of antibiotics and impaired nutrition. These factors contribute to the development of putrefactive processes, from which the peristalsis is significantly reduced. Occur often at 1 year.

If a child is allergic to food, when an allergen hits, histamine( a protective component of the body that tries to remove allergens from the blood) significantly damages the intestinal walls.

Functional constipation in a child in 2 years can develop against a background of a lack of enzymes in congenital pathologies and diseases of the digestive system, as a result, food is very long processed and removed from the intestine.

Helminths become a frequent cause of constipation, and in general, this is an age of 2-6 years. Parasites living in the human body disrupt the work of the entire digestive system.

In a baby at the age of 1 year, functional constipation can occur as a result of rickets, which reduces muscle tone, including intestinal tone.

Iron deficiency in the child's body also becomes a frequent cause of constipation in 1 year, 2 years and 5 years. The lack of an element leads to an oxygen starvation of the intestinal muscles.

If a baby has frequent constipation in 1 year, it is necessary to examine the thyroid gland. One of the symptoms of her hypofunction is constipation in children.

Nervozy, failures in the operation of an unequal system lead to a violation of reflex emptying.

Constipation is the result of excessive consumption of food in 1 year, mixtures that are rich in probiotics, antacids.

Psychological constipation - for a child - 2 years, 5 years are considered to be a turning point. This is the age when many children go to kindergarten. Adaptation period is for any child. Adaptation period is the addiction of the baby to the new conditions of existence and always accompanied by stress.

At this age, the urge to emptying is already controlled by the central nervous system. Once the stool masses, thanks to the intestinal peristalsis, the lower part of the large intestine is reached, irritation of the nerve receptors occurs, respectively, the child wants to go to the toilet. But in the period of adaptation the toilet in kindergarten can become an uncomfortable place. It is easier for a child to suffer than to sit down on a pot in the presence of strangers. By suppressing the reflex of emptying and preferring to suffer, children refuse to go to the toilet, which leads to condensation of feces and, accordingly, to constipation. In addition, upon coming home from kindergarten, the child will still want to satisfy the natural need. But hard feces can cause pain when exiting from the anus. Next time the child is already "afraid to go to the toilet" because of pain.

What if the child has a psychological constipation in 1 year, 2 years? First of all, this situation can be prevented. The child must at this age already know what a pot is. Parents in the period of adaptation should closely monitor the chair of the child, ask the tutors, whether the baby went to the toilet. If the reason for refusing to correct a natural need is a psychological factor, you need to report this to the psychologist. He applies special methods of visual-effective perception - playful psychological methods that allow the child to relax and not be afraid of unusual surroundings.

Constant constipation. Why does the child develop stiffness of feces? Any baby is not immune from a single constipation. It can be the result of a viral infection, the ingestion of fixative products or the overheating of the body in summer heat, when dehydration occurs. In such situations, radical measures are not required to restore the intestine. It is enough to visit a pediatrician who will advise how to adjust the diet, drinking regimen and which suppositories can be used to eliminate constipation.

1 When it is necessary to sound an alarm

For a child of 6 months, emptying is typical up to four times a day. In 1 year - up to three times. At 2 years old children emptied the intestines much more rarely. The daily norm is 1-2 times, while the consistency of the stool is no longer mushy, but formed and tighter. It can be considered that the child has constipation, if the interruption between emptying has lengthened, the act of stool output causes difficulty. But also in the event that a child goes to the toilet 2 times a day, but the feces are compacted and the act is accompanied by pain, it is also considered constipation.

Parents should pay attention to emptying the child and immediately visit a doctor if:

• children go to the toilet less than 6 times a week for 2 years of age;
• in 3 years, defecation occurs less than 3 times a week;
• children from 2 to 5 years complain of abdominal pain( in a month-old baby, babies of two, three months, this is manifested by strong crying, anxiety, they are disturbed by sleep and appetite);
• emptying is accompanied by pain, while the child is severely straining;
• detaches small "dry" fragments, similar to sheep, or very dense masses are formed, similar to a thick cylinder.

Such symptoms, when the child is the second year - anxious signs. If the child has constipation for 2 months, this indicates a chronic form.

3 Preventive measures

• rice, pasta, bakery products - the use of these foods should be reduced to the maximum, as they contribute to the hardening of the stool;
• cabbage, peas, mushrooms, tomatoes in large quantities provoke excessive gassing;
• is inadmissible for children in 2 years to give coffee, strong tea, a lot of chocolate - these products significantly reduce intestinal peristalsis;
• so that feces can be transported without problems on the mucosa, vegetables, fruits, cereals are included in the diet;
• can give children low-fat varieties of meat, fish, liver, eggs, salads with vegetable oil;
• not limit the child to 2 years in drinking - carbonated water is prohibited, filtered, bottled;
• in the diet should necessarily be present dairy products;
• with inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, it is necessary to adhere to a diet that the pediatrician will appoint.

4 Actions of parents

What should I do if my child has constipation? In case of ineffective attempts to go to the toilet, the child with constipation should help to do this. Immediately the question arises: what to give the child from constipation? If you decide to use laxatives, you should not give them yourself, maximum - apply glycerin suppositories or make an enema. The next day, be sure to observe how many times he went to the toilet, if constipation recurred, it is better to visit a pediatrician immediately.

To use glycerin candles, you need to put the child on its side, bend the legs in the knees, pre-lubricate the anus with vaseline or cream and gently enter the candle. After it dissolves in the intestines, the feces will come out without problems.

Torturing child constipation? Cleansing enema - no less effective way to relieve the child of constipation. Mom should wash hands thoroughly before disinfecting procedures and disinfect the enema. It is better to do it with glycerin.1 drop of warm boiled water is enough for 10 drops of glycerin. The child should lie on his side, with bent knees. The solution is introduced slowly. Preliminarily, the tip of the enema and anus are also smeared with petroleum jelly. After 1.5-2 minutes, the feces will soften and come out.

Before carrying out the procedures and in the future, in order to prevent constipation, it is possible to carry out with the child therapeutic gymnastics, which will improve peristalsis and motility of the intestine. Begin to perform exercises better still long before visiting the kindergarten. Thus, it is possible to prevent psychological constipation. Familiar movements that will be familiar to the child in 1 year, 2 years, will help him relax in the preschool.

Gymnastics can be performed in a play form. Here everything depends on the imagination of the mother. You can bend over, squat. The main thing is that the movements affect the stomach area. It is not necessary to exhaust the child, 5-7 minutes of everyday activities are enough. Particularly loved by children are games-competitions.

5 Dangerous disease

Danger of constipation in children at 2 years of impaired absorption of useful components, putrefactive processes, it can lead to anemia, a decrease in the immune system. The products of decay of stool will begin to be absorbed into the intestinal mucosa - this can cause poisoning of the body with toxins. For a child, constipation is dangerous by the development of inflammatory processes, a violation of blood circulation in the intestine, the appearance of cracks in the mucosa.