1 What is an appendix?
The appendix is an elongated process of the large intestine about 6-10 cm long, growing out of its initial part. As a rule, it is located freely within the right lower abdomen, however, in some people, the appendix can be located atypically. Its wrong location is fraught with different problems in case of inflammation. The appendix wall consists of numerous thickenings, contains lymph nodes that serve as a bacterial filter. In its lumen are the remains of nutrients and mucus. The appendix is not an organ necessary for life. This rudiment is the remains of our herbivorous ancestors.
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2 Causes of the disease
The main causes of inflammation of the appendix are:
- closure of its lumen with stony stones;
- presence of parasites;
- oppression;
- bacterial infection.
3 Symptoms of the manifestation
A typical manifestation of appendicitis begins with irregular but intense attacks of epigastric pain - this is the area around the navel. A characteristic symptom is that the pain has a stitching effect, after a while it weakens, then grows, intensifies during movements and coughing, so the patient, as a rule, lies motionless in a comfortable position with bent legs. To pain symptoms, as a rule, join:
- lack of appetite;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- increasing body temperature up to 38 ° C;
- disorder of defecation and urination.
Therefore, if the above symptoms appear with a tendency to increase, you should suspect appendicitis and immediately seek medical attention.
4 Diagnostic methods
The examination usually shows tenderness in the area of the right lower abdomen, as well as the reflex tension of the abdominal muscles during pressure on it. Ancillary symptoms in the diagnosis of inflammation of the appendix are:
- Symptom of Blumberg: pain under pressure on the abdomen.
- Symptom of a roving( Rovsinga): with the fingers of one hand the doctor presses the abdominal wall in the left ileal region( left bottom of the abdomen) in the projection of the descending part of the large intestine. With the other hand, jerky pressure is applied slightly higher in the course of the projection of the intestine. With the positive symptom of the roving, pain appears in the projection of the appendix in the right iliac region - this is due to the movement of gases in the large intestine and irritation of the receptors of the inflamed appendix.
- Symptom of Yavorsky: the appearance of growing pain with the vertical lowering of the leg to the right.
- Symptom Sitkovsky: when you turn the patient to the left side, soreness appears in the right iliac region due to irritation of the receptors as a result of pulling the mesentery of the inflamed appendix.
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In laboratory studies, evidence of the presence of an acute inflammatory process will be leukocytosis, that is, an increase in the number of leukocytes, ESR and CRP, i.e. inflammation parameters.
Additional studies that can be used by a physician to confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis are visual studies - these are survey photos of an abdominal radiograph that are used to exclude other acute diseases in the abdominal cavity, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.
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To distinguish the inflamed vermiform appendage from a healthy appendix, a huge experience of an ultrasound specialist is required, so this study is rarely used in practice. If after examination the doctor suspects that the patient develops appendicitis, then immediately sends him to the surgical department.
Acute appendicitis requires urgent surgical intervention. Delays in surgery can lead to dangerous complications. If left untreated, appendicitis leads to perforation, which is manifested by exacerbation of pain in the abdomen. This is due to the transition of the inflammatory process to the peritoneum, that is, the mucous serosa, which lining the walls of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis. There is spilled peritonitis, which is a serious disease. If it is not treated, it can even lead to the death of the patient.
It should be remembered that atypically located vermiform appendix can cause unusual symptoms of inflammation.
For example, an inflammation of the appendix located in the urinary system can give symptoms from the bladder - frequent urination in small portions, painful urge to urinate, the presence of leukocytes and red blood cells.
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5 Therapeutic measures
The operation to excise appendicitis is called appendectomy. Perform it by cutting the abdomen.
Currently, more and more often appendectomy is performed by laparoscopy. This is a method in which the surgeon performs 3 small incisions of the abdominal cavity, they serve to insert instruments - the tips, the laparoscope inside. One of these tips has a camera that shows the operating field on the monitor. Due to this, the surgeon manipulates the laparoscope tips. The advantage of laparoscopic surgery is a shorter recovery time of the patient, he can quickly return to full life activity.
The only exception in which fast surgical intervention is abandoned is the infiltrate - the so-called limited peritonitis, felt like a painful swelling in the right lower abdomen - since there is a high risk of infection in the abdominal cavity during surgery. In this case, antibiotics, drainage of the infiltrate under the supervision of ultrasound are used in treatment.
6 Side effects of laparoscopy
Removal of the appendix does not pose a big risk to patients. Rarely, the following complications occur after surgery:
- infection of a postoperative wound;
- bleeding;
- hernia of a postoperative scar;
- peritonitis;
- complications associated with the use of anesthesia.
Infection after removal of the appendix can manifest as redness and tenderness at the site of application. Inflammation requires treatment with antibiotics. In more severe cases, antibiotics and surgical treatment are indicated, since an abscess may appear in the area of the alveolar process.
After surgery, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations. Approximately in 2-3 weeks there comes a full return of working capacity of the patient.
Until now it is not known exactly what role appendix plays in the human body, but its removal does not cause long-term consequences.
- 1 What is an appendix?
- 2 Causes of the disease
- 3 Symptoms of the manifestation
- 4 Diagnostic methods
- 5 Treatment measures
- 6 Side effects of laparoscopy
One of the symptoms of acute appendicitis, used for diagnosis - a symptom of the roving. The appendix, although considered an extra organ, can be the cause of unpleasant, pronounced painful sensations in the abdominal cavity. An accurate diagnosis allows you to get effective treatment and avoid complications such as perforation of the appendix and diffuse peritonitis. Treatment requires cutting out appendicitis( appendectomy).
Appendicitis is one of the most common acute diseases in the abdominal cavity of .It can appear in all age groups. Appendicitis often occurs typically - already on the basis of anamnesis and examination of the patient can be accurately diagnosed. Delayed surgery can lead to dangerous complications.
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