1 Pathologies in the work of housing and communal services

The residual product of digestion is the stool mass. They are formed by passing through all the organs of the digestive system of the child or adult and therefore reflect their condition. Norm, when the stool contains many bacteria: they usually make up about 60% of its total mass. In addition, the feces of the child or adult will be leftovers of food that has not been completely digested, intestinal epithelial cells, pigments. Carrying out this analysis in a child or an adult can determine whether there are abnormalities in the work of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and if so, at what stage the failure occurred.

According to the analysis, the specialist decrypts the coprogram and the following pathologies can be detected:

• in the work of the stomach;
• are there any abnormalities in the bile duct and liver function;
• presence of inflammation and infections in the rectum;
• is the norm in pancreatic work or not;
• presence of helminths and other parasites.

Often feces are taken to a coprogram to carry out a comprehensive preventive examination. Also, this analysis is conducted to determine the effectiveness of treatment. It allows you to correct the ongoing treatment of a child or an adult.

A general stool test can be performed that assesses the appearance of the feces of a child or adult. The norm, when the stool masses of consistency medium density are brown. It should not contain impurities of blood or mucus, undigested food with large particles that can be seen with the naked eye.

Special methods detect hidden blood, protein and pigments. It is necessary to understand how the liver works. Norm, when there was no protein and bilirubin found in the stool, stercobilin should be detected.

When conducting a microscopic examination, it is determined whether there are undigested muscle and plant fibers, lipid films, connective tissue parts, starch, mucus, leukocytes and erythrocytes in the stool. Norm, when there are no eggs of parasites, including helminths, the presence of yeast fungi indicates the presence of pathologies.

If the norm is violated and deviations from it are detected, then the doctor draws conclusions about the deviations and disorders in the specific organs of the digestive system in the child or in the adult. Symptoms of abnormalities can be as follows:

• staining of stool in a color that is not specific to them can indicate the acceptance of certain foods or medications or the presence of internal bleeding;
• if the masses have a whitish hue, this indicates a violation of the liver and gallbladder;
• if they are red, this indicates bleeding in the lower part of the intestine;
• black color may indicate the development of bleeding in the upper parts of the intestine. Norm when they are brown;
• if the intestines are fermented, develops dysbacteriosis or intestinal dyspepsia and in the presence of disruptions in the pancreas, it will be found alkalization of stool;
• if a protein is found during the analysis of the feces, this indicates that the patient has gastritis, colitis or pancreatitis;
• on the development of the inflammatory process in the intestine will signal the detection of mucus and a high content of leukocytes;
• in the analysis of stool can be found fat and starch, indicating a malfunction in the pancreas, or that the absorption capacity of the small intestine is impaired;
• on the development of the tumor will be indicative of atypical cells.

2 Preparation for

The analysis of the stool does not require special preparation from the patient. It is necessary to know that before you take the feces of a baby, a child or an adult, you can not take laxatives, as well as those containing bismuth and iron. You can not put enemas and use rectal suppositories.

If an irrigoscopy or radiography with barium has been performed, the analysis for the coprogram can be performed no earlier than 7-10 days after this, because during this period the barium will be determined in the stool and will change their properties.

To obtain the most informative and reliable result, it is necessary to minimize the influence of external factors, as well as nutrition and food intake.

The rules for preparing for the analysis are as follows:

• 2 days before the test, tomatoes, beets and other products that contain many coloring elements should be excluded from their diet;
• for 3 days stop taking antibiotics, antibacterial and other medications that act on intestinal peristalsis and motor skills;
• should eat vegetables, cereals, fruits and sour-milk products, but in limited quantities;
• during menstruation in women this analysis is not carried out;
• at delivery of feces on a coprogram they should not have contact with urine.

When taking a feces in a baby or an adult, it should be done in a natural way: it can not be used for analysis if it is obtained with an enema or by mechanical stimulation of the rectum.

3 How to properly collect the feces

To obtain an analysis that will maximize the state of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to collect the feces correctly. In this there is nothing complicated, just have to adhere to certain rules.

Before starting the selection of feces, it is necessary to urinate, after which it is good to wash the genitals and the area around the anus. To do this, you can use only a new piece of baby soap, because there are no impurities and fragrances in it, after which everything must be thoroughly rinsed with clean water.

Fecal selection should be carried out from different parts of the feces, this will remove the mucus, blood veins and other impurities that they contain. To conduct the act of defecation it is necessary in a clean container, it should be dry and have a wide neck.

In the pharmacy, you need to buy a special container for feces, it has a spoon-spatula, which is built into the screw cap of the container, and with it help to select feces. Enough of its volume in the amount of 1 teaspoon. After the feces are placed in the indicated container, it closes, the patient's data and the date of the material selection are signed.

You can not sample feces in glass jars of different volume, matchboxes and other containers that are not adapted for this purpose. You can give a container in the laboratory, you can buy it in any pharmacy, it is inexpensive. To pass on the analysis you need only fresh morning feces.

The biomaterial should be handed to the laboratory on the day of its selection, and it must be done as quickly as possible. The longer the biomaterial will be outside the laboratory, the higher the probability of errors in the results obtained. If it is not possible to immediately deliver the material to the laboratory, it can be stored on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator, but not more than 8 hours, while the temperature should be within + 3-5 °.Coprogram is a multifaceted analysis, so you can get its results about 5-6 days after delivery.

We figured out what the coprogram shows, it's necessary to hand over it if there is a diarrhea, a stethoria, a dysbiosis in the patient. The presence of pain in the abdomen, frequent constipation or diarrhea should cause you anxiety, and in the presence of such symptoms you need to see a doctor. To determine the cause of discomfort and pain in the abdomen, appropriate studies will be carried out, including a coprogram, which will help determine the cause of their occurrence and prescribe effective treatment.