Viral encephalitis is the inflammatory process in the human brain.
The disease can be primary, secondary and change into a chronic form.
It is quite dangerous for a person and can lead to a fatal outcome without timely and qualitative treatment.
Features of the destructive process
Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, which is caused either by a particular pathogen, or by an inflammatory process that occurs as a result of getting a virus infection into the body.
In humans, the brain and peripheral nerve are affected. Often, primary encephalitis is a complication after any infection. The secondary develops 1-2 weeks after the primary and is explained by the reaction of hypersensitivity.
The carriers of the disease can be both people and insects. But vector-borne infections can be carried by both animals and birds.
A person gets infected through air, touch, feces, sexual way and eating dairy products.
The peak activity of vector-borne disease occurs in the spring-summer season. Enterovirus infection is more common in late summer.
What are the symptoms of
? Symptoms of cerebral viral encephalitis are as follows:
- occurrence of a common cold, dizziness, general malaise;
- pain in the head, throat, cough, bouts of nausea and vomiting, convulsions;
- problems with the liver, lungs or kidneys;
- tremor of the head, reeling during walking, loss of coordination;
- disorientation, hallucinations
Diagnosis of
The final diagnosis is made after the following studies: 
- determination of the pathogen;
- carrying out serological tests to detect the virus;
- taking CSF analysis for detection of the virus in DNA and RNA;
- general and biochemical blood test;
- lumbar puncture;
- special studies, during which determine the type of disease and virus.
During the tests, physicians should not confuse viral encephalitis with bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, tuberculosis, syphilis, leptospirosis, stroke, hemorrhages, various brain injuries, poisoning or hypoglycemia.
Viral tick-borne encephalitis professionally:
Modern approach to the therapy of
Despite the fact that there are many different pathogens of the disease, there are three main methods of treating acute forms of viral encephalitis:
- etiotropic therapy;
- maintenance of all body functions;
- exception of every possible complication.
Very often doctors prescribe the treatment with glucocorticoids, which relieve inflammation, help to avoid allergic reactions and contribute to strengthening the immunity of a sick person.
At an acute stage of the disease, patients take Prednisolone in tablets or injections. In addition, dexamethasone may be prescribed.
Simultaneously with the basic treatment, doctors practice the use of potassium and calcium, always controlling electrolytes.
In order to remove cerebral edema, it is worth taking diuretics in combination with diuretics that prevent the swelling. During this process, you must definitely keep under control the use of liquid.
If you do not remove the swelling, then there may be a development of a breech syndrome and problems with breathing and cardiac system. This phenomenon should become the 
push to transfer the patient to the intensive care unit and carry out measures to save him.
When there are epileptic seizures, it is appropriate to take sodium oxybutyrate, clonazepam, finlepsin, an enema with Chloralhydrate. Together with drugs for the removal of convulsions appoint a tranquilizer and neuroleptic. Carry out such treatment for a couple of months after the first attack to exclude subsequent seizures.
It is very important to take care of the patient properly:
- should clean the respiratory tract;
- more often turn a person in bed;
- make sure that there are no folds in the bed;
- constantly wipe the body with alcohol or disinfectants;
- perform gymnastics and various massages;
- to feed a patient through a probe if there are problems with swallowing food;
- prick antibiotics and funds from allergies;
- prescribe anticoagulants that prevent the appearance of blood clots in the veins.
Possible consequences of
The severity of the course of the disease and the consequences depend on the type of infection that is caused by viral encephalitis. 
With encephalitis, which appeared due to the Epstein-Barra virus, human defeat will be transient. This suggests that, with proper and timely treatment, the patient will not feel pain and discomfort.
If the encephalitis is herpetic, then a person can either not survive, or remain confined to bed. He lacks speech and even a swallowing reflex. Also, the orientation on the terrain may completely disappear.
The list of the main consequences of the transferred disease:
- the appearance of epilepsy;
- paralysis, paresis of the limbs or muscle on the face;
- loss of intelligence, blindness and deafness;
- Mental Disorders;
- problems with sleep.
For the prevention of
In order to prevent the emergence of primary encephalitis, it is necessary to periodically destroy rodents, vaccinate the population, fight mites.
People working in the forest, engaged in hunting, geological exploration must have special clothing: a suit of ticks, mesh for the face. Collars and sleeves should be lubricated with special substances that have a specific odor that repels insects.
Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis
In order to avoid infection in the areas of activity of ticks, it is better to drink boiled milk and make timely vaccinations for goats.
Mosquitoes are killed by various poisonous chemicals. In the marshy area, pollination with poisons is carried out, and the growth of larvae is prevented. In addition, fumigation of living quarters is very helpful.
If for any reason the employee was infected, gamma globulin is promptly injected to him.
Water used for cooking is in special containers, well closed with lids. The fluid changes once a week.
Almost all patients are not a source of danger for others, they are placed in the hospital only for medical reasons. But in order to prevent the spread of the disease, it is necessary to isolate patients for several weeks, and in schools and in preschool institutions to arrange quarantine.
The most important thing to remember is that it is better to prevent the disease than to treat it. Therefore, it is worth to closely monitor your body, follow all the recommendations of specialists and do not hesitate to contact the hospital for any unpleasant and dangerous symptoms.
