Allergy to mosquitoes in children can manifest from minor clinical changes, to anaphylactic shock.
Therefore, parents need to know about this, in order to provide correct and adequate assistance if necessary.
Mosquitoes bite into the place of bite when bites. Saliva is a foreign body with a certain antigenic composition. Normally, the reaction at the site of the bite is manifested as a small papule( blister) pale white or pink.
It occurs as a result of edema of the papillary layer of the dermis, which in turn arises from the foreign substance( mosquito saliva) in the body. An important role in this process is played by a local allergic reaction with the release of histamine mast cells and pericytes, which increases the permeability of capillaries, and consequently, the blood transudate exits the capillary and accumulates in the interstitium, causing edema.
In the place of edema pressure increases, which compresses the nerve endings( pain receptors).E
After some time in normal conditions, the papule passes without leaving a trace in its place.
Allergy to mosquitoes in children - photo.
Symptoms of allergy to mosquitoes in children
If there is an allergy to mosquito saliva, the clinical picture may look different. Typically, a child-allergic to mosquito bites can be divided into two main groups of symptoms: local and general.
The following symptoms can be attributed to local symptoms:
- swelling of the skin at the site of the bite, up to Quincke's edema; ;
- skin tightening at the bite site;
- skin scratching;
- skin color change( pale white or pink);
- appearance of bubbles;
- severe itching;
Common symptoms include:
- deterioration of the child's well-being;
- lethargy, hypodynamia of the child;
- increased body temperature;
- cough with viscous sputum, shortness of breath;
- lacrimation, runny nose;
- anaphylaxis( pallor of the skin, lowering of arterial pressure, feeling of heat, headache).
Treatment of allergy to mosquitoes in children
If you have detected mosquito bites, allergy in children can be prevented by the following methods.
First of all, it is necessary to prevent subsequent mosquito bites, if this, of course, does not take long. Close the windows in the premises, use various devices against mosquitoes. The child should not be smeared with anti-mosquito ointments, since allergies can also form on them.
The place of bite should be greased with greens, you can attach to it cotton wool soaked in a cold solution of soda or alcohol. You can anoint the bite with an asterisk.
With severe itching, you can use ointments, such as psilo-balsam, fenistil.
For severe manifestations of allergies, you must consult a pediatrician or an allergist. Before the meeting with the doctor, allergic manifestations can be stopped by oral administration of various antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, claritin, suprastin and some others. They can be used as a first aid to a child with insect bites, but one can not independently prescribe a course of treatment with these drugs. Let the pediatrician do it better.
Anaphylactic shock requires immediate hospitalization of the child, during which adrenaline is injected subcutaneously and prednisolone intravenously, possibly using infusion-transfusion therapy.
Prophylaxis against mosquito bites
As a preventive measure, special mosquito nets on windows and other anti-mosquito devices should be used at home. Do not walk with the child in places with a large concentration of these insects( forests, swampy terrain, the outskirts of the city, etc.). The child should be dressed in such a way as to cover as much as possible with open skin skin. Have always with you antihistamine anti-allergic drugs to prevent allergies to bites in children.
