Arthritis of the knee. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, diagnosis in children, physical exercise, gymnastics, ointments. As cure rheumatoid, reactive, gout, acute

Arthritis of the knee - is an inflammatory process, the symptoms of which can not be ignored. Timely treatment prevents degenerative changes movable joints of bones and did not lead to their immobilization.

What is arthritis of the knee

knee joint arthritis (symptoms and treatment depend on the form of the disease) - a pathological inflammation in the mobile connection of the ends of bones.

Over time, the disease affects all parts of joint - cartilage junction, thick ligamentous bands that connect bones each other tendon of the knee muscles and surrounding tissue bursovoe slot-like space, and the inner layer glenoid bags.

All lesions stages involve discomfort in the joint, may be subtle at first, but in the course of the pathological process lead to the immobilization of the bone joints mobility.

The degree of arthritis of the knee

The longer the inflammation in the knee joint, the more changes in it occurs.

Such displays usually divided into degrees, each of which has its own peculiarities:

1. Asymptomatic degree (1) or initial stage usually occurs without overt manifestations of pathological symptoms. The main thing you should pay attention - this is the feeling of fatigue and heaviness in the knee joints, without any physical exertion.
2. degree №2 or stage of manifestation of erosive joint changes in the bones. A characteristic feature of the process is that the joint tissues continues to become thinner and this is strongly reflected in the physical state. Pathology can be clearly seen on X-rays.
3. degree №3. The main feature of the third stage - is a clear articulation of bone deformation, which is accompanied by severe pain.
4. degree №4 - this is the stage at which the joint degenerative changes are irreversible.

The causes of the disease

Source arthritis is often difficult to determine. Sometimes there may be several.

As a rule - it is:

• infectious disease processes;
• autoimmune disorders;
• damage stretching of the joints;
• neurological diseases;
• violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• endocrine disease;
• lack or excess of micro and macro;
• viral diseases;
• excessive load professional athletes;
  
• infecting tubercle bacillus;
• arthritis as a result of sexually transmitted diseases;
• dysenteric arthritis;
• violation of protein metabolism in the body;
• menopause in women;
• heredity;
• alcoholism and other addictions, disrupts the normal activity of the organism;
• strong cooling body;
• hard physical labor;
• age changes;
• consequences of staying on holiday in the form of insect bites.

evidence

The main characteristics of the knee joint arthritis include:

• the lack of free movement in the injured articulation ends of bones, especially in the morning;
• acute attacks of pain in the affected joint;
• long persistent pain in the affected site arthritis;
• redness or hyperemia periarticular tissue;
• in advanced stages - severe pain in violation of motor function in the damaged joint.

symptoms

Inflammation of the knee joint can be accompanied by a number of symptoms, which depend on the source of lesions and can have a variety.

For example:

• prostration;
• a painful condition of the whole body;
• migraine headaches;
• fever subfebrile values ​​of up to 39 degrees;
• Joint damage can be symmetrical;
• inflammation of the urinary system;
  
• eye pathological process of the outer shell;
• redness of joints;
• severe pain at night;
• the formation of dense knots in the area of ​​the damaged bone joints;
• general weakness;
• lose the desire to eat food;
• paresthesia of the hands and feet;
• pain in the chest;
• Sjogren's syndrome (dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, eyes, genital organs);
• heat;
• strong tremors throughout the body;
• severe pain in which it is impossible to touch the affected joint;
• itchy skin peeling;
• pink or red spots on the body;
• increased hands, fingers become sosiskoobraznuyu form;
• loud crackling and grinding of joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint

knee joint arthritis (symptoms and treatment depend on the species of the disease) can take the form of rheumatic disease. The disease to be attributed to the systemic pathologies of connective tissue, which primarily affects the knee joints. In this disease develops symmetrically.

The impetus for the development of the pathological process is a failure of the immune system when immune system cells, for some reasons are beginning to perceive his own body as foreign and to deal with it, thereby causing an inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis.

The disease belongs to a long flowing, incurable pathologies of the organism.

In the course of the disease may be affected not only the knee joints, but many visceral organs and systems:

• heart;
• lungs;
• kidney;
• vessels.

If you do not pay attention to the symptoms of the disease, namely:

• damage to the knee only symmetrical;
• the skin over the joint hyperemia;
• severe pain in the morning;
• knee joints are covered with cones nodes;
  
• severe weakness not only in the legs, but also throughout the body;
• no desire to eat;
• starting to go numb feet and hands on type of gloves and socks;
• breathing becomes painful in the chest;
• constant dryness in the oral cavity.

Since these symptoms can join over time:

• difficulty to swallow food;
• chest pain while swallowing food;
• there is a need to wash down the food, to swallow;
• itchy eyes due to the drying of the eyes;
• morning swelling upper eyelids;
• very painful in the morning to get up on their feet;
• expands BTE salivary glands;
• the destruction of joint cartilage;
• in advanced stages there is fusion of the articular ends of bones and joints cease to bend;
• most adverse manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is the damage to the heart muscle, which leads to rheumatic heart disease - damage walls and heart membranes.

ankylosing arthritis

Ankylosing spondylitis or ankylosing spondylitis - an autoimmune pathology of the body. Scientists have tied for first place heredity, viral etiology of the disease and long-occurring infectious processes in the digestive and urogenital system.

When the process starts its development, then you should know that in this form of arthritis affects primarily, and sometimes - only joints of the spine.

For disease characterized by the following features:

• not strong pain in the sacro-lumbar spine;
  
• pain in the groin;
• inability to sleep at night and in the morning due to persistent pain in the spine;
• slow progression leads to stiffness in the neck and back;
• painful sensations lead to any movement associated with a pan, tilt and inhalation / exhalation;
• if you do not treat the disease, the pathological process of "bends" the sick man - pose "a beggar", when the head is down, hunched back, bend your knees and elbows;
• long flowing disease affects visceral organs.

psoriatic arthritis

Inflammatory disease of the joints in patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis is called history - psoriatic arthritis.

For this form of joint disease is characterized by:

• tenderness of the joints;
• morning, and further, the constant motion stiffness in the affected bone joints;
• flushing of the skin on the surface of the affected joint;
  
• disease is autoimmune in nature, so for pathology can not be predicted;
• may manifest desquamation and spots on the skin surface;
• disease attacks followed by periods of complete remission and vice versa;
• in psoriatic lesions - pathological joint hot during the inspection;
• soreness may differ only on one side of the body;
• usually in the pathological process involved from 4 to 6 bone joints;
• thicken fingers, taking the form of sausages;
• pain in the joints can be on both sides;
• thickened nail platinum, which is characteristic only for psoriatic arthritis;
• very often, but this fact should be aware of arthritis affects the joints - obezobrazhivaya or twisting them.

tuberculous arthritis

knee joint arthritis (symptoms and treatment depend on the pathogen) can be triggered by tubercle bacillus, or in another way - kind of articular tuberculosis.

You must know that for arthritis, which is caused by the Koch bacteria, for and symptoms will differ from other forms of arthritis:

• in the foreground arthritis varieties - this irritability and impotence;
• migraine headaches;
• the pathological process which occurs in the hard tooth tissues;
• no desire to eat;
  
• hyperhidrosis, which does not sleep at night;
• pale skin;
• Great weakness in the legs;
• joint pain in one or more joints;
• joint shape change due to external swelling;
• fistula formation in the affected joints;
• elevated body temperature up to subfebrile;
• change in gait;
• limiting joint operation in which tightens the skin, bone and joint can bend and straighten up to the end;
• increased subcutaneous fat folds on the damaged joints;
• the formation of purulent joint melting;
• process leads to a shortening of the damaged leg (if not treated pathology).

urarthritis

The main manifestations of gouty arthritis of the knee joint - is primarily attacks unbearable pain. But it is necessary to pay attention that precede the painful sensations are urine tests that show high content of uric acid salts.

Gouty arthritis symptoms:

• severe pain in the knee-bone;
• redness of the skin in the affected area;
• redness;
  
• subfebrile body temperature;
• subcutaneous tissue in the affected joint seal;
• cartilage in the joint under the effect of uric acid crystals lose their integrity;
• when moving the affected joint makes a lot of friction sound;
• prolonged growth of the pathological process appears to seal the joint, which enhance pain and limited movement.

"Lupus arthritis"

Erythematosus - is a systemic disease of the connective tissues throughout the body. It has an autoimmune nature. And as a consequence - loss of many organs and body systems.

It is believed that one of the earliest manifestations of lupus - a joint syndrome that manifests the following symptoms:

• very rapid defeat of small joints;
• strong inflammation with increased ESR to high numbers;
• change synovium filling the joint cavity;
• Lupus is a feature of many of the defeat of the joints;
• pain;
• at the initial stage of the disease pain are migratory in nature;
• severe morning stiffness of the joints of legs;
• strong hyperemia periarticular tissue;
• the skin on the affected limbs tends to be covered with white spots, which is indicative of an exacerbation of lupus arthritis;
• in the long course of the disease, the disease moves to the periarticular muscles and tendons;
  
• pathology curable with regular periods of attacks and remissions.

reactive arthritis

Joint damage as a result of the transferred genito-urinary and intestinal infections called reactive arthritis.

The main features of the disease should include separation arthritis species into two subgroups:

• joint damage after suffering intestinal infections - bacteria Yersinia, asporogenous salmonella bacteria, Gram-negative E. coli, Gram-thin curved sticks, Clostridium bacteria;
• genitourinary infections - the defeat of chlamydia infection ureaplasma urealitikum.

The main symptoms of reactive arthritis must include:

• inflammation of the outer membranes of the eyes;
• inflammation of the urethra;
• tenderness of affected joints (as a rule is not symmetric);
• fervescence to subfebrile;
• general weakness;
• in the pathological process involved several joints on a limb;
• present hyperemia;
• with prolonged duration, with replays of disease recurrence occurs degenerative changes of the patient's joint;
• In severe forms of arthritis may flowing immobilize the joint.

Arthritis of the knee in children

For one of the main causes of joint damage in children should include the imperfect functioning of the immune system, acute and chronic tonsillitis occurring.

To exclude immunological disorders in the form of rheumatic disease, a pediatrician prescribes some tests - complete blood count, ESR, C-reactive protein and optionally ANA profile (which is virtually 100% confirm or refute autoimmune pathology).

If immunoassays are not confirmed rheumatism or lupus, the child is diagnosed with "Arthritis", with the defeat of one joint or systemic arthritis - if pathology is affected by several joints. Symptoms of joint damage in children usually occur together with the main disease that triggers inflammation in the bone joints.

They are:

• tonsillitis;
• low-grade fever (in chronic);
• swelling of the affected joints;
• during the inspection of the affected limb is hot and red;
• tenderness and walking;
• manifestation of allergic reactions.

Diagnostics

Knee joints affected by disease, should be carefully examine. To properly diagnose "Arthritis" and determine the form of the disease in the first place you should visit a therapist who, after a number of surveys, analysis, visual inspection, and the conversation with the patient about his symptoms disturbing correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

The main methods of diagnosis of arthritis and its variants (for the treatment of various forms of articular lesions device does not only pediatrician, but also other narrow specialists) need to include different procedure.

List:

• clinical blood test - determine the inflammatory process;
• ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a marker for many autoimmune diseases associated with damage to joints and connective tissue;
• C-reactive protein - high rates may be a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis;
• rheumatoid factor - positive result gives the physician an opportunity to diagnose rheumatic fever;
• ANA - Screening - immunoassay for antibodies to autoimmune diseases of type erythematosus;
• Analysis of urine for the presence of uric acid crystals;
• blood chemistry urea - determine whether gouty arthritis symptoms of the pathological process;
• ultrasound joints;
  
• the presence of Koch's bacillus analysis;
• in some cases it is necessary to pass tests for GC, RW, HIV.

To which the doctor therapist will direct for further consultation and treatment depends on the test results - rheumatologist, TB doctor, urologist or dermatologist.

medication

For proper treatment of arthritis of the knee is first necessary to know the form of the disease. There is a treatment protocol of each variety of lesions of the knee. But the principle of equal treatment - as soon as possible to remove an inflammatory process in the body.

Systemic medications should be prescribed for the relief of the inflammatory process in the body and the affected joint.

The drug class of NSAIDs - Nimid:

• into tablets include sulfanilamide, antiinflammatory drug nimesulide, natural polymer soljutab, stearic acid magnesium, polysorb;
• the drug has anti-inflammatory effects, lowers the body temperature, anesthetics;
• It should be applied to joint pain, heat, inflammation;
• a drug for arthritis of any shape to be applied in the treatment of 1 tablet 2 times per day. The course of treatment no more than 2 weeks.

Antibacterial Ceftriaxone:

• fine powder for solution for injection consists of cephalosporin antibiotic;
  
• an antibacterial agent with a slow release and prolonged presence in the body;
• pathologies osteo-articular apparatus of infectious origin;
• the drug should be applied intramuscularly (at non-severe course of the disease). 1 g of the preparation diluted procaine - once a day. In severe pathologies agent must be administered intravenously (slow) - up to 4 g once daily. The duration of therapy with an antibacterial agent determined by the attending physician and the patient's condition.

Hormone therapy - Medrol, the drug should be administered in autoimmune pathological processes:

• Tablets contain synthetic glucocorticoid drug, lactose, corn carbohydrate powdery stearic acid with calcium;
• the drug is a potent anti-inflammatory, an overwhelming immune system, antiallergic drug system;
• Tablets should be administered in autoimmune arthritis (psoriatic rheumatoid, lupus);
• amount of medication prescribed by a doctor rheumatologist, in accordance with indices, and analyzes the general condition of the patient. Treatment should begin with the lowest safe and effective dose Medrol (corresponding diagnosis). Duration of therapy in autoimmune arthritis usually - life (with decreasing amounts of the drug during remission and increases - when attack). Abruptly cancel the drug can not be. Treatment strictly on the recommendation of a rheumatologist, a doctor and under his supervision.

Mukosat - a drug that restores cartilage:

• of the drug includes chondroitin sulfate, sterile medical liquid, phenyl carbinol;
• drug helps repair cartilage tissue due to the fact that the polysaccharide which is the main active ingredient, slows bone destruction;
• should be prescribed medication injection Mukosat arthritis of large joints, degenerative changes of the bone tissue in the body;
• injection should be done 1 time in 2 days 100 mg. After 4 injections the dose should be increased by 2 times - 200 mg. The course of treatment is 20-30 injections.

Indomethacin - pills that help eliminate arthritic pain:

• the drug enters indoleacetic acid derivative compound, mealy potato carbohydrate methacrylate, silicate powder, stearic acid and magnesium;
  
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve the painful symptoms of degenerative and inflammatory lesions of the joints and bones;
• It should be used in rheumatic and arthritic pains and inflammations;
• drug must be taken as it is possible a short time of 1 tablet 1-2 times a day.

ointments

Formulations for topical use should be prescribed for arthritis of the knee joint for the relief of inflammation, pain relief, restoring damaged joint tissue.

Finalgon ointment:

• in an ointment includes kapsatsionid, betalgon, cosmetic agent, polysorb, waxy mixture, hexadiene acid, citronella oil, medical sterile liquid;
• the drug has analgesic, vasodilator action, due to its irritant effect on the skin's surface;
• the ointment should be used for the local treatment of bone and joint pain;
  
• means should be spread on the skin in the affected area of ​​the body with a special blade. Number ointments - the small surface (with palm) is necessary to put the amount of ointment with a little finger nail, 2 times a day.

Chondroitin Phytopharm:

• the gel part glycosaminoglycan imidazolidinilmochivina, dimexide, liquid organic compound, tsetostiarilovy alcohol, modified carbohydrate powdery sodium salt of citric acid, a polymer, a medical Sterile liquid;
• agent for topical application, regenerating cartilage tissue;
• degenerative diseases of bones and joints;
• Gel should be applied in small amounts in place of the affected joint, gently rubbing, neat movements up to 3 times a day. The course of treatment up to 3 weeks.

indomethacin:

• ointment consists of indoleacetic acid, lipophilic alcohol, ref, dimexide, biocide Lepidus beeswax, wool wax, pasty liquid;
• drug composition has a decongestant, analgesic action and reduces inflammation;
• a preparation for topical use on the acute and long-occurring degenerative and inflammatory processes in bone and muscle tissue;
• should spread the ointment on the affected area of ​​the body, cover with plastic wrap and wrap a warm cloth. Appliqué should be done at night, for 14 days.

Remisid:

• the gel enters sulfanilamide drug nimesulide dimexide, ethylene glycol, menthol isomer, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylate, tris, medical sterile liquid;
• antirheumatic agent which combats inflammatory processes in the tissues and joints;
• It should be applied to the complicated movement of the joint, pain, inflammation and hyperemia;
• You need to spread a thin layer over the affected area of ​​the skin over the joint, neat slightly massaging movements, 2-4 times a day. The course of treatment up to 30 days.

Alflutol:

• means for topical application consists of extract of sea fish with hydroxybenzoic acid, extract rosemary, dekadein, castor oil, imidazolidinilmochesvina, dietary supplement, health purified liquid;
• gel has the property of restoring mobility in the affected joints, to remove inflammatory, analgesic;
• for topical administration for muscle and joint pain;
• should spread rubbing motion, until completely absorbed into the skin over the joint damage 2 times a day. The course of treatment up to 90 days.

Diet

Arthritis of the knee (the symptoms and treatment depend on proper nutrition) - Therapy for pathological process includes not only the use of medicines, but also correct, balanced diet.

For example:

• balanced 3 time + 2 snack food must be a way of life with any form of arthritis;
• drinking regime should focus on - water stimulates the removal of toxins from the body - drink at least 2 liters of clear fluid per day;
• to include in the diet of more vegetables, fruits, low-fat protein foods;
• excluded from the daily consumption of sweet death - refined sugar (white flour and all of her doing, sugar - and all that is made from it);
• should reduce the amount of salt which retains fluid in the body;
• give up bad habits - alcohol, nicotine;
• minimize the use of caffeine-containing drinks - they disrupt the work of the circulatory system;
  
• to do once a week (if there are no contraindications doctor) fasting day on fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products - this will help to improve the metabolic processes in the body.

Gymnastics

One of the important components of the complex therapy of arthritis (non-acute stage) is physiotherapy. The safest exercises in pathological lesions of the joints is a yoga or stretching exercises. They will not give strong physical stress on the damaged joint and help maintain the elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus and range of motion.

Exercises:

1. Starting position - standing on his feet. Alternately must be tightened to the chest or abdomen leg bent at the knee. Exercise should be done slowly, without strain, avoiding pain in the joint. For balance with one hand to hold on to his chair. Exercise should be done with each leg 10 times.
2. It should take a position - lying on his back. Stretch his arms up behind his back and legs down - as though to stretch the spine (all the joints are involved in this exercise). Then you need to pull the bent leg at the knee to the chest and fix this situation. Alternately with each leg should be done 10-15 times. After exercise should once again stretch the body up and down.
3. Lying on his back, one foot is on the floor, the second should be raised up (straight) and take the hand of the fingertips of one hand, his other hand to press lightly on the knee, so that it does not bend. Good exercise stretches the muscles and ligaments of the knee, does not form contractures. Exercise should be repeated on each leg 10-15 times.

All exercises should be done no more than 3 times a week or every other day.

Physiotherapy

An additional methods directed to treatment of the knee joint arthritis - a physiotherapy, which includes procedures such as UHF, UFO, electrophoresis.

Features:

1. Ultrahigh-frequency therapy acts on the affected part of the body electromagnetic field or heat. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti hyperemic effect.
2. The tube joint or ultraviolet irradiation. It helps reduce inflammation in the affected location. It provokes the production of active compounds that fight disease processes in the joint.
3. Drug administration beneath the skin by an electric current or electrophoresis. Depending on what kind is being used, and this has an effect on the affected joint. Basically necessary to use anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents that will deliver the device under the skin in the form of ions. Electrophoresis therapy helps to restore the function of damaged bone joints.

Operation

Surgical intervention on the knee joint should be used when medical therapy does not lead to positive results, with strong contractions.

Arthrotomy feature of the method is to preserve the ligaments and articular cavity, after which operation the doctor sutures.

Trauma surgeon to prevent the operated joint infection enters the antibacterial agent in the operated bone joint. After the manipulation of the joint, it is fixed a special plaster strip, which consists of several layers of cheesecloth.

Treatment of folk remedies

For the treatment of long flowing pathological processes in the joints should be used folk remedies:

1. Compresses using apple cider vinegar. It should take a piece of soft natural fabric (size painful place), moisten 6% solution of vinegar, applied to the affected area, cover with plastic wrap and warm cloth wrap. The procedure should be done at night during the week.
   
2. Vodka compress. Vodka be wetted or diluted alcohol wine (dilution 1: 1) natural piece of soft tissue to attach to a patient joint, the polyethylene wrap, and warm cloth. Leave on for 40 minutes. Remove. The course of treatment 10-14 days.
3. The use of baths with sea salt. 300 g sea salt should be dissolved in a vessel and add the solution is not very hot bath. Duration of treatment - until the water is warm or 15-20 min. You can take in a day.
4. pine extract the pharmacy has beneficial effects on overall health and joints. It conifer needle extract cap to pour into the tub and soak in water for 15-20 minutes. Water should not burn the body.
5. Extracts from the berries of a currant. Dry currants (1 tablespoon) must be filled with 100 g. boiling water and insist to cool. Take before meals for 1 throat. Course of treatment: 30 days.

Folk remedies are in addition to the basic treatment of arthritis and are not self-treatment.

Doctors' recommendations for arthritis of the knee joint

In order to achieve positive results in the treatment of arthritis of the knee, it should comply with all the recommendations of rheumatologist, doctor, therapist, trauma.

The basic rules you must include:

• did not delay the campaign to the doctor at the first signs of pathology;
• follow all recommendations of the physician with respect to medical appointments;
• physical therapy;
• swimming - well to joint damage;
  
• during the active process is not peretruzhdaetsya joints exercise and work;
• time to do the necessary tests for the correction of the treatment;
• food diet as a lifestyle;
• rejection of bad habits;
• If necessary, change the type of activity.

Methods of treatment and identify early symptoms of arthritis of the knee today developed very much. In order to improve the course of the pathological process in the joint, it is necessary to apply all the techniques and tools that will appoint a physician with regularity.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of arthritis of the knee joint

Symptoms, causes and treatment of arthritis: