Symptoms of pancreatic inflammation. Treatment, diet in adults

Inflammation of the pancreas (or pancreatitis) most often occurs as a result of infectious diseases, pathologies gallbladder and alcohol abuse. The symptoms of various diseases of the body are provided, however it requires carrying out differential diagnosis with other digestive disorders.

kinds of diseases

In medicine, there is the following classification of diseases of the pancreas:

1. Abscess, or purulent inflammation to form a cavity filled with pus and molten tissues. Usually it occurs as a complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis, not earlier than one month from the beginning of the disease. This group of pathologies are also festering false cysts. Abscesses can be single or multiple.

2. Necrosispancreas. This violation is a complication of acute pancreatitis. Necrotic processes that result in death of tissue, developed due to violation of the revitalization process and outflow of digestive enzymes.

They accumulate in the pancreas and destroy the walls of healthy cells. As a result, the body digests itself and self-destructs.

3. acute pancreatitisAre classified by the nature of the disease:

• recurrent;
• hemorrhagic;
• subacute;
• purulent;

4. Chronic pancreatitis:

• alcoholic;
• infectious;
• continuously recurrent;
• return (recurrent).

5. Cysts and pseudocystsMost often a complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. In severe forms of inflammation are produced in 50% of patients.

6. Other pathologies are less common:

• atrophy - reduction of body and reducing its secretory function after extensive inflammation;
• kalkulez (Or calculary pancreatitis) - formation of stones in the pancreas in its diseases associated with impaired secretion outflow;
• fibrosis, at which the conversion of a healthy functional tissue in the connection. also it develops as a complication of inflammatory pathologies;
• cirrhosis - changes in the tissue occur in the previous case, the bands are formed thick, and the surface looks body and nodular bumpy as in liver cirrhosis.

7. pancreatic steatorrhea - syndrome accompanied by the release of large amounts of fat in the feces. It is a complication of other diseases. At the same time it produces an insufficient amount of enzymes needed to break down fat.

Stage and grade

Symptoms of pancreatic development of acute inflammation (pancreatitis) growing stages:

1. In the first stage (phase enzyme toxemia) pain predominates, which lasts several hours. There may be a fever. During the early treatment of pathology can be limited only to this stage.
2. Icteric stage. Because edema inflamed glands occurs squeezing common bile duct (or a stone floor).
3. Step temporary remission. Pain becomes periodic in nature, the body temperature does not exceed 37 °, the patient's condition improves.
4. Phase necrosis and suppurative complications. During this period the patient's condition deteriorates again, temperature rises, tachycardia arises (increased heart rate). As a result, they may develop severe complications, even death.

In chronic pancreatitis the clinical picture looks a bit different:

1. Asymptomatic or preclinical stage. Changes in pancreatic tissues are found incidentally during medical examinations on another occasion.
2. There are periodic attacks characteristic of acute pancreatitis. This stage can last up to 7 years.
3. In the third stage the signs of inflammation are present constantly. Patients try to eat less, so as not to provoke twinge. It manifests enzyme deficiency.
4. Atrophy develops cancer, steatorrhea, diabetes. Acute attacks are becoming less common, but there are systemic violations.

symptoms

Pancreatic symptoms in the event of an attack of acute pancreatitis develop very quickly.

They are as follows:

• severe pain in the upper stomach area or under the left edge;
• pain may be given in the back, under the left shoulder blade, or in the region of the heart;
• in some patients, the pain is the nature of shingles;
• increased heart rate to 120 beats per minute;
• increased pain in violation of diet (after eating fatty or spicy foods, alcohol);
• high blood pressure;
• repeated vomiting;
• white or brown patches on the tongue;
• flatulence;
• bitter taste in the mouth;
• fever (in some cases, decreased body temperature);
• headache and general weakness;
• constipation or diarrhea.

At the last stage of joining the following features:

• pale skin;
• bruising on the abdominal wall;
• rapid, shallow breathing;
• dyspnea;
• drop in blood pressure up to congestive heart failure, which can lead to death.

Similar symptoms arise in abscess and necrosis of the pancreas. When cysts and pseudocysts may see blood in the vomit.

In chronic pancreatitis observed symptoms such as:

1. Abdominal pain, increasing postprandial and sagging in a sitting position or when tilted forward. Attacks can last up to 10 days, followed by a period of remission (attenuation characteristics).

   

2. Fatty stools, badly washed off leaving marks on the walls of the toilet (a sign of steatorrhea).
3. Signs of maldigestion (violations digestion): bloating and other diarrheal phenomenon, aggravated in the second half of the day (diarrhea, nausea, belching). They may not appear immediately. Thus, in alcoholic pancreatitis they occur on average 10 years after the first symptoms.
4. Weight loss.
5. Appetite loss.

The following symptoms are present in pancreatic steatorrhoea:

• increase in volume of stool;
• the presence of undigested pieces of food in the stool;
• inflammation of the tongue, gums, lips, spoon-shaped form of nails, cramps, "night blindness", muscular dystrophy and weakness due to lack of minerals and vitamins as a result of digestive disorders;
• drowsiness, depression and mental disorders.

Causes of

Causes acute pancreatic inflammation may be as follows:

1. Gallbladder disease (in 50-70% of cases, they provoke the development of acute pancreatitis) - gallstones or duct, benign tumors, causes a large duodenal papilla, which connects the bile, pancreatic duct, and 12- intestine.
2. Toxic liver disease with immoderate use of alcohol and its surrogates. Ethanol enhances production of pancreatic secretion, increases its viscosity and increases the pressure inside the duct. This leads to the occurrence of stagnation of secretions and inflammation.
3. Pathology of 12 duodenal ulcer, its obstruction.
4. pancreatic injury.
5. Hereditary diseases of the body.
6. Disorders neurohumoral regulation (nervous system interaction with biologically active substances contained in the blood and lymph).
7. Toxic and allergic reactions in patients receiving drugs.

In some patients (about 10%) can not determine the cause of the disease.

Chronic pancreatitis is formed as a result of factors such as:

1. Exposure to toxins of different nature:

• at abusing alcohol (60-70% of all cases) and smoking;
• hypercalcemia, or a high level of calcium in the blood;
• with hyperparathyroidism (increased hormone production in the parathyroid glands);
• chronic renal failure;
• as a result of the medication;
• when poisoned by toxic substances.

2. Autoimmune and genetic diseases.

3. Inflammatory disease of the colon.

4. Complications of medical procedures (endoscopy, surgery for removal of stones).

The cause abscess in 50% of cases the infection is an E. coli hemolyzing Escherichia coli, which penetrates through the intestinal wall into the lymph and then enters into the pancreas iron. The inflammation can also be caused by enterococci, staphylococci, Proteus, Klebsiella, and other microorganisms.

Cysts and pseudocyst can be innate nature or formed for the following reasons:

• resulting in the destruction of tissues during trauma or inflammation of the pancreas;
• in parasitic diseases;
• in neoplastic processes.

Pancreatic steatorrhea occurs in diseases such as:

• genetically determined deficiency of the enzyme needed to break down fat;
• congenital malformations of the pancreas;
• chronic pancreatitis;
• reduction of the functional body volume with cysts and tumors of large size;
• overlap pancreatic ducts (stones, tumors);
• diabetes;
• gastrointestinal diseases: chronic gastritis, inflammation of the small and large intestine, gall bladder;
• radiation exposure;
• abuse of fatty foods.

Atrophy of the pancreas formed as a result of the following reasons:

• chronic pancreatitis;
• atherosclerosis;
• age-related changes in organ;
• diabetes;
• surgical operations on pancreas history.

Diagnostics

Pancreatic symptoms have a lot in common with other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

It therefore requires a detailed diagnosis, which includes the following types of surveys:

1. Clinical and biochemical analysis of bloodAt which show signs of inflammation (increased leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, an increase in the level of amylase enzyme and others). The cost of these analyzes in commercial laboratories is 350-700 rubles. (Clinical analysis) and 500-700 rubles. for biochemical studies, depending on the number of defined parameters of blood.
2. Analysis of urineWhich is also made for the determination of amylase. The level of this enzyme is increased by 2-12 hours after the onset of symptoms of acute inflammation. The cost of the study - 150-400 rub.
3. Ultrasonography of the abdomen. This is the most informative method for determining pathological changes in the tissues of the pancreas and other organs. The price of this survey in commercial clinics: ultrasound of the pancreas - 300-500 rubles, a scoping study of the abdominal cavity - 900-1500 rub..
4. FEGDS. It is carried out for the differential diagnosis and to determine the degree of involvement in the pathological process of stomach and duodenum 12. The cost of the study with an average of 900-1500 rubles.
5. X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity. Its cost - 2-4 thousand. rub.
6. CT scan. This method is used as an alternative to the US or to clarify the diagnosis. Imaging is prescribed less often, as this is an expensive method. The cost of study - 2-4 thousand. rub.

When to see a doctor

Symptoms of inflammation of the pancreas can be erased and periodic in nature, but in the absence of timely treatment changes are irreversible and are difficult to therapy.

In severe cases, a surgical operation or the patient will have to take enzyme preparations for life. Therefore, it is important to time to see a doctor for a diagnosis at the first signs of the disease.

At the initial stage, the therapist conducts a survey. Later, he may direct the patient to a gastroenterologist or other skilled core (oncologist geneticist, neurologist, endocrinologist, surgeon).

prevention

Prevention of diseases of the pancreas is in compliance with the following recommendations:

• early detection and treatment of pathologies of the gallbladder and intestines;
• balanced diet;
• moderate alcohol consumption (or better a complete rejection of it);
• overall strengthening of the body, the prevention of infectious diseases.

therapies

If there are signs of acute pancreatitis primarily patient shown to reduce hunger pancreatic function and reduce its generation secret.

Complete rejection of food should be observed for at least 3-5 days, after which the patient is gradually transferred to the medical Nutrition: the mucous soups and liquid pureed porridge, vegetable purée, chopped lean meat and fish, omelettes and puddings. If the positive dynamics of disease transition to a normal diet is carried out in 1-2 weeks.

It recommended to apply cold epigastric region (ice pack or a special apparatus "Hypothermia") for reducing inflammatory processes. Patients with uncontrollable vomiting administered into the stomach probe is introduced. In the absence of emesis allowed to drink a liquid of not more than 200 ml per 1 receiving at 5-6 times a day.

Cysts and pseudocyst can spontaneously samorazreshatsya in 10-80% of cases (depending on their size and location) after the onset of acute pancreatitis. In chronic inflammation, as well as in the development of complications of surgery is performed to remove them.

treatment can only be symptomatic with cirrhosis and organ atrophy.

Medications

The main groups of drugs used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer are shown in the table below.

A group of medicines	drug Name	Dosage	Features	Average price, RR.
Analgesics for pain	Trimeperedin Baralgin, Spazmalgon, analgene	1 ml 50-100 mg 4-5 times a day	Subcutaneously or intravenously, the opioid analgesic intramuscularly	400 300
antispasmodics	Duspatalin Atropine 0.1%	200 mg 2 times a day 1 ml every 6 hours	Capsules or tablets Intravenously	550 15
Antifermental means of reducing the production of pancreatic secretion	Gordoks contrycal somatostatin	200 000-300 000 IU. per day Not less than 50 000 units. 0.1-0.3 g of 3 times per day	administered intravenously	5000 2000 4000
Enzyme preparations with gland failure (chronic pancreatitis)	Creon 25 000 (Pancreatin)	1 capsule 5 times a day	Contraindicated during acute pancreatitis	600
antibacterials	Norfloxacin (or pefloxacin) Tobramycin (Gentamycin) fluconazole	800mg daily 320mg daily 50-150 mg per day	Assign with cholangitis, cholecystitis, and bowel diseases	110 180 20

If within 2-3 days of the patient's condition does not improve, it testifies to the destructive disorders in prostate tissues. When expressed pain syndrome prescribe narcotic analgesics.

Traditional methods

Symptoms of pancreas and its inflammation in traditional medicine remove using the following recipe:

1. 1 h. l. Bilberry leaves pour 1 tbsp. of boiling water and infuse in a warm place for 45 minutes. Take 2-3 tbsp. daily (sip). Instead, the infusion can also eat berries of this plant, raw or in the form of broth made from dried raw materials. The course of treatment - 10-14 days.
2. 1 h. l. herbs centaury ordinary pour 1 tbsp. of boiling water and infuse for half an hour. Take 1/3 Art. before meals 3 times a day. The total duration of treatment - 2 weeks.
3. Mix dill seeds, mint leaves, hawthorn fruit, flowers and immortelle daisy in a proportion of 3: 3: 2: 2: 1 respectively. 1 tbsp. l. Pour mixture 1 tablespoon. boiling water. Drink 2-3 times a day ½ st. after meal.
4. Calamus root chop, pour 1 tbsp. l. a raw glass of boiling water overnight, drain. Drink 1 h. l. twice daily before meals for 3-4 weeks.

Herbal treatment is initiated only after a cropped acute condition and the patient was discharged from the hospital.

Other methods

surgery conducted in case of failure of conservative treatment of acute or chronic pancreatitis.

The indications for it are the following conditions:

• severe disease, constant pain for 3-6 months;
• complications requiring surgery (bleeding, obstruction 12 duodenal ulcer, pus accumulation);
• suspected pancreatic cancer.

In abscesses and cysts may conduct minimally invasive surgery - percutaneous puncture (puncture) and drainage under ultrasound or CT scan. In severe cases, a resection (removal) pancreas.

possible complications

Lack of timely treatment of pathologies of the pancreas can lead to the following complications:

• festering cysts;
• Gastrointestinal obstruction development
• perforation of the cyst into the abdominal cavity;
• peritonitis;
• inflammation of the membrane lining the lungs;
• bleeding;
• compression of adjacent organs or cyst pseudocysts and disturbance of their operation;
• gap pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis;
• inflammation of the gallbladder;
• diabetes;
• development of malignancy (cancer).

Statistics show that the number of deaths in patients with chronic pancreatitis is up 50% over the next 20 years after diagnosis. Especially hard pancreatitis occurs in older people, as this is a violation of operation of vital systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous. In milder forms of inflammation prognosis.

Pancreatic diseases are difficult to diagnose and treat difficult. Its symptoms are often mistaken for symptoms of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - gastritis, stomach ulcer, 12 duodenal ulcer and other.

Since the pathology of this organ is one of the main causes of disability and death from gastroenterological patients, then at the first signs described above, it is necessary to seek medical attention help.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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