How does a chicken pox in children, the first signs, photos, symptoms and treatment, the incubation period

Chickenpox - a disease that is most easily tolerated in children aged 3 to 7 years. Adults who as children are not ill with the virus can suddenly catch this infection. As the disease begins in children and adults is useful to know their parents and do not have immunity to chickenpox older people.

Chickenpox - a feature of the disease and ways of infection

Chickenpox or chicken pox - an infectious disease characterized by an acute course in the form of vesicular eruptions on the skin. Eruptions like blisters with fluid at the same time deliver a huge discomfort due to itching.

chickenpox virus is transmitted by airborne droplets way and can easily become infected in the shops, schools, kindergartens and other places with large concentrations of people (especially children). Most often suffer from chickenpox the children of preschool age and younger students. At this age (from 1 year), chickenpox is transferred easily and without consequence.

As the virus begins chickenpox in children it is important to know the parents to orient in time and to be able to help your child. The causative agent is herpes virus type 3 th.

Methods of virus infection:

1. Air - infection occurs through contact (conversation, being in the same room, a room) to infected person, not necessarily close, the virus can spread up to 25 meters air flow.
2. From the patient's shingles - in contact with the pathogen causes chickenpox patients of the same type.

A person becomes a carrier of the disease for 2 days before the rash, making it difficult to isolate a warning. The virus is active and is a threat to those around 5-7 days after the onset of rash.

Period without showing symptoms characteristic called incubation, chickenpox is from 7 to 21 days.

Transmitted through the air virus settles on the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, throat, nose. From there comes its transport throughout the body blood and lymph. Penetrating the skin and mucous membranes, the virus continues to replicate.

It is believed that after a previous infection by the varicella zoster virus is produced lifelong immunity, reinfection is impossible. Drawn up after illness immunity is called "non-sterile". He formed through lifelong stay of the virus in the body, spinal

ganglia (ganglia), the nuclei of the cranial nerves, which were associated with the most heavily affected areas of the skin. It is the presence of the virus generates a "memory" of the body of a previous infection and makes it virtually impossible to re-infestation.

However, in some cases, lowered immunity to chickenpox may be repeated (such a situation occurs frequently in in older people with poor health.) Re-contamination can also occur in the form of herpes zoster Herpes.

The first signs and symptoms of chickenpox in children

How does a chicken pox in children, what are the main signs and symptoms of this virus, all interested parents whose children have not suffered an infection.
The disease takes its acute form, accompanied by a rise in temperature, the appearance of rashes. The temperature may rise to 39-40 degrees.

On the skin appear small blisters filled with liquid. This rash can be anywhere (in the mouth, on the feet, head and genitals) and cover a significant part of the body. It was a rash and itching are the main symptoms of chickenpox. Sometimes ill may complain of headache.

Appeared on the body of the bubbles quickly burst and turn into small sores. They are usually treated with green paint, ointment, or potassium permanganate. Once the sore is delayed, it formed a crust that eventually she disappears and a rash at the site there will be no traces and scars.

To leave no scars it is important not to comb bubbles. Protracted chickenpox sores indicate that the acute phase of the disease has passed.

Chickenpox can occur in different ways, to more or less pronounced symptoms:

1. mild form - characterized minor fluctuations in body temperature and a minimum amount of rashes.
2. moderate form - the temperature of 38-39 degrees is held for several days, a rash substantially covers the body, may develop complications.
3. severe course - during the acute phase of the high temperature performance - 39-40 degrees, the rash affects the vast surface of the body, at high risk of complications.
4. Asymptomatic (atypical) - it is extremely rare, the virus does not manifest itself visually, and the temperature rise is negligible. Parents can only assume that it was chicken pox, the place to be if you had the chickenpox virus in the school or the garden.

Where there are rashes?

How to start chickenpox in children and where there are the first eruptions - the question of concern to many parents. At the beginning of the disease the first eruptions are like pimples and appear first on the face and in the abdomen. Soon the rash spread throughout the body and are not localized to any one place.

After the appearance of pimples quickly swell, fill with fluid and begin to itch. The rash can appear anywhere on the body, on the head, mouth, genitals. The rash does not affect only the feet and hands.
In the acute phase of the disease lesions appear within 5-7 days.

First, you can find a small flat spot of pink color on the face and abdomen. Many take them for pimples or rashes. But a few hours later, pimples swell and become blisters with liquid inside. The number of lesions increases.

Then within 3-4 days ex disease progresses, accompanied by severe rash on the arms, legs, trunk, and mucous membranes of the eyes, genitals, mouth.

It looks like a rash?

Rash - this is the main symptom of chickenpox. To determine that the chicken pox rash is just a snap.

Rash appearing on the body, goes through several stages of maturation:

1. Initially appear isolated pimples or spots with a diameter of 10 mm, in appearance similar to insect bites.
2. Soon, spots and pimples begin to swell and fill with fluid. According to resemble blisters, as they have a swollen appearance. The liquid may be clear or yellowish.
3. After some time (2-3 days), the liquid inside the blisters to become muddy, they are blown away and begin to crust.
4. Then the healing stage begins, rash and sores begin to place delayed crust. After the regeneration of the skin crusts fall off on their own.

   

Great discomfort delivers itchy rash at the site. Scratching the rash may lead to scarring and scar (ospinok) that further will not look very attractive from an aesthetic point of view (especially on the face).

Young children should shave your nails during the acute phase of the disease, and dress them in comfortable loose clothing made of cotton. At night, young children can wear cotton gloves to avoid scratching rashes involuntary.

Damage and scratching eruptions of bubbles is also dangerous because of the high risk of infection of wounds. Infection can occur by pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci, education due to this pustules.

Temperature

How does a chicken pox in children is a sharp jump in body temperature. In the mild form of chickenpox temperature can not be raised at all or be no more than 37.5 degrees. The temperature can climb for a few days before the onset of rash. Typically, the temperature rises in the first hours after the onset of rash.

The most commonly chickenpox occurs in moderate form, in which the temperature is kept for 4-5 days in the range 38-38,5 degrees.

In severe there is a high temperature rise up to 39-40 degrees per day until the appearance of a rash and held for about 7 days. Fortunately, severe course of chickenpox in children are rare.

Churn temperature below 39 degrees chickenpox not recommended pediatricians. The exception is the propensity of the child to seizures at the background of increased temperature.

Upset stool, vomiting

Diarrhea and vomiting are characteristic of severe infection, so in children these symptoms are rare. Among adults, about 5% to upset transferred chickenpox chair and vomiting due to more severe disease.

The reaction of the organism in the form of nausea and vomiting can be due to a significant jump in temperature, its high levels for several days. Upset chair thus can be triggered by reception antipyretics.

Sometimes vomiting and diarrhea can be symptoms of other concomitant infections or the development of serious complications (sepsis, encephalitis, pneumonia). In any case, the appearance of such disorders should consult a physician.

To neutralize such symptoms sorbents used and rehydration solutions. Also to exclude from the diet of dairy products, diet and not allow the body to fall into a state of dehydration.

Emotional disturbances as a sign of chickenpox

These symptoms may not become a major reference point for accurate confirmation of the onset of disease, as quite subjective. Parents may notice that the child was irritable, lethargic or apathetic. Also, some children may experience causeless alarm. All of these symptoms are associated with general weakness and fever at the beginning of the disease.

The disease is also can be challenging in terms of psycho-emotional, as due to the itching, children can become aggressive, nervous, irritable or tearful. Itching may interfere with normal sleep and the child becomes exhausted. In these cases it is necessary to support the child and explain (if old enough) that the itch will pass quickly.

other symptoms

Other symptoms of chickenpox are:

• general malaise;
• weakness;
• chills;
• pain in the limbs;
• unconsciousness;
• confusion;
• pain in the muscles and the abdomen;
• headache;
• loss of appetite.

Some of the symptoms indicate serious complications during illness requiring medical supervision in a hospital.

Atypical forms of chickenpox and their signs

Cases of atypical course of chickenpox few. The majority of cases of childhood infection is mild or moderate form.

Among the atypical forms of release:

The form	characteristic signs
rudimentary	Very easy for atypical. No temperature. Eruptions are few. The rash does not go into the "bubble" of inflammation.
hemorrhagic	The accumulation of hemorrhagic content in the bubbles. The emergence of foci of hemorrhages in the skin and mucous tissues. Bleeding gums, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, nasal. Ulcerated wounds, long-term scarring.
bullous	The formation of large, weeping blisters on the skin. Oozing blisters are combined and difficult to heal.
gangrenous	Necrosis of the skin tissue. General intoxication. A high risk of death. The presence of non-healing wounds festering.
Generalized	The defeat of the internal organs. The high mortality rate.

Can chickenpox begin with your legs?

First rash of chickenpox appears on the face, head and stomach. Later, the rash spread throughout the body, appearing on the trunk, legs, arms. It is believed that a rash on the legs when infection happens later and the disease usually manifests not a foot rash.

The primary lesions on the feet are characteristic of diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, meningitis. On the feet and palms of the chickenpox rash usually does not happen. Although some viruses infect just the foot and hand.

For example, if enterovirus (coxsackievirus) palm and foot blisters similar abundantly covered with bubbles chickenpoxBut at the same time on the rash does not apply to the rest of the body. In some cases, chickenpox can begin with a rash on the legs, but the primary rash is not plentiful and often it goes unnoticed under clothes, in contrast to lesions on the face and other open areas skin.

incubation period

The incubation period - a time period during which the chickenpox virus has already penetrated into the human body, but does not manifest itself. It lasts a period of 7 to 21 days, but usually an average of 14 days. And for people over 30 years, the incubation period ranges from 11 to 21 days, while for those under that age of 13-17 days.

After contact with the patient, doctors advise count exactly 21 days. If the infection were invisible after this time, it means that the infection did not happen (and there are such cases). In most cases, after contact with the sick person first signs of chickenpox occur in an average of two weeks. The first appearance of the rash is preceded by a prodromal period.

prodromal stage

This is a short period, which lasts 1-2 days before the rash. The state of health of the sick is getting worse, there is aching bones, headache, fever. But the rash is still lacking. Prodrome is more typical for older people, it is poorly defined in children. In adults, the disease can also manifest, bypassing the prodromal period.

The period of eruption

In children, the rash in most cases take place without disrupting the overall condition of the body.

An increase in temperature, fever coincides with step rash. At the same time the rash appears sporadically in different places, so the fever is also manifested in waves. In mild form of chickenpox rash amount is minimal and does not deliver great discomfort to the child.

In adults, the period of eruption is acute. The rash appears massive and accompanied by a significant fever, unpleasant itching, increasing intoxication of the organism.

Appearing, rash undergoes several conversion stages:

1. Pink spots - the size of about 2-4 mm.
2. Papules - for several hours spots are purged and papules.
3. Vesicles - papules with a redness around.

1-3 days vesicles begin to dry up in their place formed a crust, which itself disappears in 2-3 weeks. As the rash appears evenly over several days, in one area of ​​the skin rash can be seen at different stages of development.

elevated temperature chickenpox period lasts from 2 to 5 days, in severe up to 8-10 days of fever can hold. The rash appears 2 to 5 days, with mild and moderate form of chickenpox and up to 7-9 days at more severe.

What diseases can be mistaken for a rash?

The first rash is not immediately possible to determine that it is chicken pox. Usually when a profuse rash of chickenpox diagnosis is not difficult for the doctors and many adults.

However, there are a number of skin diseases with similar symptoms, which can easily be confused rash:

• Herpes (simple Generalized Form);
• eczema;
• congenital syphilis;
• pyoderma;
• streptoderma;
• bullous dermatosis.

Confused with smallpox, which is considered to be defeated, it is unlikely today.

differential diagnosis

Many skin diseases are accompanied by symptoms similar to the symptoms of chickenpox, which creates difficulties in diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis of chickenpox to distinguish from illnesses with similar symptoms:

1. Herpes - manifested intoxication, rash-like bubbles that are spread throughout the body, as well as chickenpox. Characterized localization of lesions (herpes grouped around the nose, mouth, genital, and chickenpox rash is widespread).

Another difference - high temperature, which rises after the rash appears, while the chickenpox these symptoms develop together. The general condition of the chickenpox better than herpes.

2. bullous dermatosis - it is also seen rashes resembling bubbles. With fever, intoxication and the appearance of lesions in the mucous membranes.

It differs from chickenpox:

• Apart from minor rashes are many large vesicular rash;
• no rash on the face;
• bubbles soon burst and turn into erosion.

3. true eczema - an erroneous diagnosis is possible and the presence of true zkzemy, vesicular rash followed with the consequent formation of crusts.

It differs from chickenpox:

• It is not endemic;
• is "harmful" occupational disease;
• Body temperature is normal;
• rash predominantly present in the open areas of the skin;
• rash quickly converted into a large moist surface;
• It does not appear due to viruses, but because of the bacteria, resulting in an allergic reaction;
• rash is not widespread in nature.

4. congenital syphilis - it has some similarities with the chicken pox and is different:

• character rash - a rash of syphilis pyatnoobraznaya, bullous;
• localization of a place - on the feet, the inside of the palm of your hand, around the mouth;
• runny nose can be mixed with blood in children.

Accurate diagnosis helps to scrape the affected area rash. When syphilis is diagnosed pathogen - treponema.

5. pyoderma - affects the skin during infection by staphylococci. In this case, the pustules are mainly concentrated in the open areas of the body, no intoxication, and the disease often becomes a long protracted.

When the rash starts to take place?

The acute phase of the disease is on the decline, ranging from 4-5 days at an easy fit and 8-10 hours when more complicated. Ill considered infectious to others within 5 days from the date of occurrence of the last eruption.

After the new eruption cease to appear available zarubtsovyvatsya sores begin to heal and be covered by a crust. Itching is weakened and after a few days all passes, but you can not pluck the crust formed and deformed, since the formation of scars and marks. Therefore, parents should continue to keep an eye on young children.

Chickenpox treatment at home

Particular specific treatment of chicken pox are not required. Sometimes, to accelerate recovery protivogerpesnye prescribed medicines. Usually hospitalization is not required, and the patient remains at home. In severe and the development of complications may require medical supervision and treatment in the hospital.

The basic rules for the treatment of the house are:

1. Adherence of the day (even in the mild form it is understood that it is a virus and the patient is not recommended to be overloaded, especially a child).
2. Bed rest with fever (in case of temperature increase).
3. Admission antipyretics when necessary.
4. Compliance Quarantine (should limit contact with others and avoid crowded places until the end of a dangerous infectious period).

medicine

How does a windmill, and what drugs can be used when the disease of concern to many parents. In mild disease the use of drugs is not required. To lower the temperature in children ibuprofen, paracetamol is used.

The use of aspirin in children and adults with chickenpox is prohibited due to the risk of fatal Reye's syndrome.

For removal of itching are antihistamines, potassium permanganate (solution), a solution of brilliant green. It is also permissible to use fukoritsina. Antibiotics and protivogerpesnyh (acyclovir) drugs is justified for more severe forms of the disease and risk of complications.

You should also stick to the diet, as irritating harmful products could adversely affect the condition of the skin. When strong itching can take valerian (for children older than three years in tablets), and adults take sleeping pills.

An alternative treatment of chickenpox is its prevention using the vaccine. Children put such a vaccine, starting from 12 months. Vaccine protection lasts for several years and then need a booster.

Hygiene

During the active phase of the disease the patient should limit contact and possibly spend time isolation, so as not to infect people with weakened immune systems (pregnant women who had undergone surgery people).

The main rule - do not comb the blisters are not allowed to do this to children. Local treatment with a solution of green fodder helps to disinfect wounds. Although in recent years it is considered an ineffective method, Zelenka still does not allow infections to enter the sores and monitor the intensity of the eruptions.

The illness should use lower and linens made of natural materials, the best cotton. Change underwear every day should be. the soul is not prohibited by the reception. It should be washed carefully, not to use a washcloth.

drinking regime

Varicella recommended drink plenty of fluids. Options allowed drinks diverse.

This can be:

• ordinary drinking water;
• black tea or green;
• compotes;
• juices;
• teas and fruit drinks are able to benefit.

The only exceptions are carbonated beverages, energy and alcoholic beverages. You can also take vitamin complexes, which support the body weakened chickenpox.
Young children should be offered water or other drinks in small portions.

Features of treatment of children under one year

Chickenpox in children of this age group can develop in an unpredictable scenario. Not always such small children to easily carry the infection, even if they are breastfed. It is believed that the baby is receiving mother's milk is being protected from virus mother's antibodies, if she had a disease.

From six months to a year of antibody protection is reduced, and the likelihood of contracting chickenpox increases. Thus breastfeeding should provide easier for the disease. However, a small child's age, the active growth and dentition may aggravate the situation and make the disease more difficult.

Such as small children carry the virus difficult because of the itch, because they do not realize that it is a disease and should be patient. In addition, a high risk of developing complications: allergies, meningitis, pneumonia. A child under one year is better protected from contracting the virus.

child treatment up to one year depending on the severity of the disease. In any case, necessary to monitor the progress of the development of pediatric disease.

Pimples can also handle zelenkoj, long baby bathing in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Should shave off the nails child that it is not combed and wound infection is not listed. To alleviate the symptoms can be administered antihistamines, antibiotics and acyclovir.

Can I bathe the child with chickenpox?

Many parents believe that to wash and bathe the child can not chickenpox. In fact, doctors do not prohibit the acceptance of water procedures. This should be done carefully, without a strong mechanical friction washcloth. The water should be warm, but not hot. For young children, you can prepare a tray with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Such bathing will accelerate drying and disinfecting wounds. Older children can take a shower. completely wash the baby or not, the right to decide their own parents. However, in any case, daily hygiene procedures must be mandatory.

Can I walk with chickenpox?

When illness undesirable contact with other people, visit shops, educational institutions. In order not to infect other people for walking should be chosen poorly populated place. It is also high risk of getting a new infection (SARS, influenza) on the weakened varicella body.

Walking is not prohibited by the chickenpox, but should focus on well-being. In less severe disease it will be difficult for children to spend many days in the four walls. You can display the child into the fresh air, the trip must be calm, without intensive mobile games. During varicella immunity is weakened and can easily trigger the development of bronchitis, if the child runs and sweats.

Complications of chickenpox

Chickenpox rarely gives complications, but still it happens. And most of them are quite serious and terrible disease. The most common complications occur in severe and moderate course of chickenpox, as well as the development of atypical forms (bullous, gangrenous, hemorrhagic). Rare cases of death, but still have a place to be about 1 in 60,000 cases of chickenpox.

There may be complications such as:

• encephalitis;
• meningitis;
• myocarditis;
• lymphadenitis;
• pneumonia.

Chickenpox is a serious blow on immunity, especially in children. Therefore you should not trifle with the disease, even if it is mild. Even in the absence of severe complications of the body's defenses after the virus reduced.

Children can begin to get sick often SARS, colds, they have reduced hemoglobin. After undergoing chickenpox should closely monitor the status and health of children. Sometimes chickenpox leads to the development of allergies in young children.

Pregnant women who do not have immunity to chickenpox, you should beware of the infection in the last weeks of pregnancy. Upon infection, during this period there is little likelihood of transmission unborn child, which It passes in the inherent shape and runs hard with the defeat of the internal organs and the risk of fatal outcome.

The man had undergone chickenpox, formed life-long immunity, protects against re-infection. Knowing how to chickenpox begins, you can easily recognize the virus at the first symptoms. The disease is in children must control the pediatrician.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of chickenpox in children

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