Red blood cells in urine. What does it mean, the rate of adult, child, causes elevated in men, women, pregnancy. Table, as evidenced by hematuria

Modern medicine has a lot to say about the human health on the basis of analyzes. The composition of the urine of a healthy body provides for the existence of a single red blood cell.

Causes abnormal (increased blood cells in urine) may be pathology, malfunctions and diseases of the internal organs. What does this indicator can be set after a full examination of the patient.

Analysis of urine and the level of red blood cells

The main component of urine - water. Its content is about 90-95% of the composition. The remaining 5-10% is a toxic compound decomposition products consumed and the liquid slag.

OAM - one of the main informative diagnostic tests, which are mostly used in professional examinations, in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, suspected renal diseases and pathologies of the urinary organs ways.

This study determines the physical properties and chemical properties of urine. The analysis shall in case of suspected breach of the functioning of organs capable of provoking haematuria: kidney, prostate, bladder and female genital organs.

Norm of red blood cells in the urine of women, men and children

After receiving the results of the OAM know about the presence of hematuria can be guided by the data presented in a table containing the allowable number of red blood cells based on the person's age.

Age	erythrocyte
Newborn to 1 month	0-15
1 month - 2 years	0-5
26 years	0-5
6 - 45 years	0-3
From 46 years	0-5

Women during the critical days of urine analysis should take with caution. Menses sometimes fall into the container with urine and smeared picture of performance. If a patient has chronic kidney disease, it should alert the physician then analyzes in deciphering the doctor will take the disease into account.

Increasing the level of red blood cells

Red blood cells in urine, what does it mean? Detection of red blood cells in urine in excess of prescribed norms indicates the presence of hematuria. State is often a symptom of visceral pathologies.

Erythrocytosis, usually combined with a pain in the urethra or bladder, occurring both during urination, and after emptying.

Localized pain under the shoulder blade when hematuria or lumbar region is indicative of kidney inflammation or their omission. Intensive for state causes weakness, thirst, pale skin.

If in addition to blood in the urine detected:

• sand and calculi - then there urolithiasis;
• clots from yellow to brown in color - inflammation of the kidney tissue or injury.

For reasons of occurrence of release:

• extrarenal hematuria - is not caused by renal disease;
• renal - the cause of the illnesses associated with kidney;
• postrenal - blood in the urine comes from the defeat of the urinary tract or the bladder.

By the number of blood cells found in urine are distinguished:

• gross hematuria - urine is clearly red, contains a large number of red blood cells;
• microhematuria - blood cells are found in small quantities from 5 to 20, the urine does not change color.

Determine the focus of the development of the pathology allow data portioned urine:

• initial - erythrocytes in 1 portion;
• total - 3 servings;
• final - in the extreme portions.

Red blood cells are detected at a portion located at the focus of inflammation high (kidney) in 1 portion present in urinary illness, all three - local urinary tract lesion.

Depending on the renal parenchyma is suffering or not, distinguish between:

• Renal hematuria - is localized disease in the body.
• Extrarenal - disease struck organs of the excretory system.

Extrarenal causes of blood in the urine

Red blood cells in urine do not always represent the development of hematuria from kidney ailments.

This means that 65% of this figure due to the following factors:

• The movement of the stones in the bladder, kidney and prostate injure tissue lining the internal organs.

• Damage to internal organs tissue tumors are localized in the renal pelvis, urethra, ureters, urinary bladder. Pathology more susceptible to the elderly over 65 years. To confirm the presence of Education held cystoscopy.
• Disease of an infectious nature: cystitis, prostatitis and urethritis. The bacteriological examination of urine in this case will be identified infectious agent.
• Organ injury when setting catheter carrying cystoscopy, getting into the urinary tract of foreign bodies.

Renal causes of blood in the urine

Disease occurring in the kidney tissues and provoke the development of hematuria:

• Tuberculosis total character kidneys. Simultaneously, the patient worried dull, aching pain in the lumbar region.
• Injury to renal tissue often threatens the emergence of bleeding from the damaged organ.
• Kidney cancer tumors, benign tumors. Bleeding in this state, suddenly, it does not cause pain. Blood clots stands that look like long worms. If clots clog ureter, while developing renal colic.

• renal infarction. The disease occurs when there is no body of blood supply and death of renal tissue. Moderate condition, the patient worried about nausea, vomiting, mild fever, pain in the lower back.
• Renal degeneration due to the proliferation of cysts. The intensity of hematuria in this pathology depends on the localization of cystic formation.
• Stenosis of the vein. Heavy exercise can compromise the integrity of the veins, which threatens the occurrence of bleeding.
• Acute or chronic nephritis. Moderate hematuria in this disease develops on the background of hypertension along with edema of the legs and face.

The defeat of the renal glomeruli

Glomerular nephritis glomerulonephritis otherwise - with renal disease damage glomerulus (glomerular). The illness develops always a sudden, a man worried about nausea, weakness, loss of appetite, reduced urine excretion, drowsiness, pain in the lumbar region, fever.

Specific syndromes of renal glomeruli:

• The emergence of the morning swelling of the face, which may eventually spread throughout the body.
• In 60% of patients with increased blood pressure and stored 5 days.
• Urine takes a dark brown or black color is due to the increase of red blood cells.

Timely diagnosis and occupational therapy eliminate the disease for 2 months. Glomerular nephritis, flowing more than 2 months, it is considered chronic.

Neglomerulyarnaya hematuria

Red blood cells in the urine indicate the development of pathological processes in the urinary organs.

It means:

• the presence of stones in the bladder and kidneys;
• tumors in the kidney of different nature;
• prostate tumor, bladder and ureter;
• polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis and nephroptosis;
• trauma to the genital organs;
• papillary necrosis;
• injury to the renal vessels.

In adults, the detection of blood cells carried out activities aimed at the exclusion of the presence of cancer in the urine. Often this cancer that develops in the cells of the kidney. But it is possible occurrence of such parenchymal tumors as a sarcoma, oncocytomas, angiomyolipoma (benign). Education reveal urography and CT.

Urolithiasis is also directly connected with hematuria. The pain is felt on the sides and hands down the abdomen. If irritation occurs when emptying the bladder, it shows the location of calculus in the distal part of the ureter.

Drug-induced hematuria

Taking certain pharmacological agents can lead to bleeding of internal organs. The erythrocytes in urine in analysis of increased amounts of a fault may mean that the medication has a negative effect on the body.

Most often this condition is caused by the following groups of drugs:

• anticoagulants;
• phosphamide;
• pentoxifylline;
• cyclophosphamide.

To improve performance in the urine can cause an overabundance of vitamin C.

Features increase in women, men and children

Children urogenital system has individual features. Detection in the urine of the child high content of red blood cells are often directly indicative of what happens the development of pyelonephritis. At the same time the disease is accompanied by intoxication body temperature over 38 degrees, chills, weakness, and a child is experiencing pain in the head.

The male part of the population, especially in the elderly, subject to the development of hematuria bleeding associated with tumors of the prostate when this body or inflammatory processes.

Occurrence hematuria women requires determining the presence or absence of communication with endometriosis or menstrual cycle. Exclusion of such factors is performed by depositing reanalyze urine through the catheter.

In addition, the change indicators can give physiological factors specific to both sexes, regardless of age:

• Temperature. Ambient temperature exceeding 35 degrees: harmful work, stay in the sauna bath.
• Stress. Psychoemotional loads and stresses provoking vascular fragility.
• Alcohol. Alcohol, ringing in the blood, reduces the renal vessels and damage the capillaries.
• Load. Thus, hysterical during labor, such as weight lifting, renal vessels and capillaries may burst.
• Spices. An overabundance of food is able to disrupt the spice of the urinary system.

Red blood cells in the urine sample during pregnancy

The allowable content of the erythrocytes in the urine of pregnant - from 3 to 5 units. Upon detection of elevated OAM retake indicators.

If the presence of blood cells persists, then consider the following possible reasons:

• wall injury of the bladder and ureter stones while driving - urolithiasis;
• urine stagnation due to pressure exerted on the uterus urogenital system;
• venereal infection nature;
• bleeding from the genitals;
• coleitis;
• erosion cervical department;
• diabetes gestational diabetes;
• hormonal disruptions;
• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• stress.

The diagnosis is possible after additional research.

The purpose and nature of the sample trehstakannaya

Localization hearth that caused the presence of blood cells (erythrocytes elevated levels in the urine), establishing that this means and causes erythrocytosis allows three sample glass.

The essence of the method lies in the simultaneous collection of urine from a bladder emptying into 3 cups.

The containers for the OAM carried urination and numbered. Capacity close tightly with a lid and store in a cool place before hand over to the lab.

The survey results show what kind of hematuria is present:

• initially - defines the signs of urethritis, blood cells are present in the first glass.
• The total - bleeding occurred in the upper parts of urinary erythrocytes in 1, 2, 3 tanks.
• terminal - blood is found in 2 servings, it shows the pathology of the bladder.

Portion 3 N does not give women, it is studied for the diagnosis of prostate diseases in men. In the weaker sex urethritis detected when blood is detected in the first glass, cystitis, if the blood in 2 glass. Erythrocyte counts 1 and 2 of the glass indicates inflammation of the kidney - pyelonephritis.

How to reduce the level of red blood cells

It is urgent to make a diagnosis and to identify the disease provokes the presence of red blood cells in the urine.

Then, based on the survey data, the following treatment methods are used:

• antibiotic therapy;
• urine stasis at prescribed diuretic;
• dietetics;
• treatment of anti-inflammatory drugs;
• decrease in fluid intake unloading kidney;
• upon detection of urolithiasis formation, cancer or organ injury of resorting to surgical interventions.

Please be aware that the urine can cause staining not only the presence in her red blood cells, but also the increase in hemoglobin.

The primary treatment strategy

Surveys are appointed, if OAM discovered red blood cells, each of which is able to confirm or rule out a particular disease:

• Antigen prostate-specific: detection of prostate cancer in men.
• A sample of red blood cells (sickle-shaped): anemia, sickle-checkered.
• Computed tomography: the presence of tumors, cysts, foreign bodies.
• US: presence urolithiasis, tumors, ureteral obstruction.
• Ureteroscopy show the movement of rocks and the presence of tumors.
• Cystoscopy confirms the development of inflammatory processes, tumors, stones.
• Prostate biopsy is done to establish the cancer cells of rebirth.
• Selective angiography tell about vascular anomalies.
• Kidney Biopsy glomerulonephritis and tumor diagnoses.

The data obtained in the survey determine the root of the problem, allowing appropriate treatment. If the cause of hematuria was the presence of foreign bodies, then the patient is placed in the Department of Surgery.

Small body volume allows promptly remove it. Large size require major surgery. Also surgically removed fibroids, cysts and papillomas.

Identification of cancers requires referral of patients to the Department of Oncology. Specialists conducted conservative treatment or chemotherapy, but advanced cases require surgical intervention.

Inflammatory processes are eliminated combination therapy: pills, injections, electrophoresis. When hematuria is caused by the movement of the stones, set the location where the calculus, then considering how to extract it. Applied to this crushing or dissolving method. Stones of a large size is removed by surgery.

The main methods of eliminating symptoms

Hematuria requires the following therapeutic procedures:

• Depending on the disease that caused bleeding, drugs used to relieve pain, as a rule, it Ketorol.

• When significant blood loss using hemostatic drugs: Dicynone, Vikasol.
• The presence of stones in the urethra or ureter requires therapy antispasmodics (No-spa) to facilitate their removal. If the positive effect is not achieved then the problem is solved with calculi surgically.
• The presence of hematuria and proteinuria involves treatment with corticosteroids (hormones).
• Pathology, to the chronic form, provides vitamins of group B and preparations containing iron.
• Inflammatory processes are stopped antibiotics.

done test for sensitivity before the choice of antibiotic. This makes it possible to determine exactly the kind of drug that can destroy pathogenic flora, which served as the causative agent of the inflammation.

Widespread:

• Gentamicin. The drug shows its effectiveness in the fight against coliform bacteria and microorganisms by Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gentamicin is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, the maximum therapeutic effect is reached within 1 hour. Effect of the drug is intended for 8-12 hours.
• Fluoroquinol. In the treatment of kidney diseases became widespread ciprofloxacin. Produced for oral and parenteral use. medicament components are easily absorbed into the intestinal wall, from where receives the tissues and body fluids. Not recommended to accept children under 14 years of age, expectant mothers and breastfeeding.

Identification of red blood cells in the urine indicates that you want to re-conduct the OAM. This is not always due to the presence of pathology. Only when held constant results, and detecting erythrocytes in the re donated biological fluid requires careful examination for the disease become cause hematuria.

Author: Turuntaevo Irina

Videos of red blood cells in the urine, and the norm of their performance

More information about the red blood cells:

Red blood cells in the urine of children: