Venereal disease symptoms in women. The first signs of how to check, pass tests, screening and diagnosis, anonymous treatment. incubation period

List of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), replenished every century. Researchers do not cease to invent new drugs to fight illnesses, but there are diseases that still does not respond to treatment, and infection with them can lead to death.

Therefore, women need to know the possible ways to transmit venereal diseases and be able to recognize their main symptoms, time to seek help.

STD transmission path

Despite the telling title, have STDs are many possible routes of transmission:

• during intercourse without condom (including oral-genital form);
• sharing sex toys;
• by kissing;
• parenterally;
• when sharing towels;
• perinatal way.

Thanks to mass information, annual medical examinations, and the introduction of criminal liability for intentional contamination, the number of cases since the beginning of 2000 has considerably decreased. However, the rate of infection is still high.

To best protect yourself, you must be sure to adhere to the minimum rules:

• regularly use condoms;
• use local microbicides;
• examined every 6-12 months;
• time to undergo treatment in case of infection;
• have a permanent trusted partner;
• not hesitate to take an interest in the presence of an instrument of checking for STD your partner;
• conduct regular vaccination against hepatitis C and papilloma virus.

After successful treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in humans can not produce immunity, so reinfection.

types of STDs

In addition to the diseases that fall into a woman's body from the outside of the infected partner, STD list includes those pathogens that reside in the microflora of each individual. they are usually not dangerous, but in contact with the owner of the flora in the pathogenic state can begin to actively proliferate.

bacterial infections

1. Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis). Rarely diagnosed, especially in cold or temperate climates. Sexually transmitted exclusively since the causative bacteria can not exist outside the carrier body. Getting to a healthy body, a granuloma is a long time in a latent state.

There are the following types of the disease:

• ulcerous - most often manifesting itself modification is localized in the groin or genitals;
• verrucous - similar to the scattering of warts that eventually burst and form a crust;
• blooming - is characterized by severe itching and pain;
• necrotic - risk of manifestation of a disease in which bone loss is peculiar and muscle tissue;
• sclerotherapy - facilitates deformation genitals, anus narrowing holes, urinary tract and the vagina;
• mixed - the simultaneous development of several forms of the disease.

2. Syphilis. Not the most common disease of the list of STIs, but one of the most famous. Virus Treponema pallidum is able to penetrate through the blood to all organs of the human, and in the long course lead to disability or death.

Detect microorganism can be in saliva, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Has 3 stages: primary, secondary and tertiary. The last two can occur in a hidden form.

3. Lymphogranuloma venereum. It is a highly contagious disease, which is the causative agent affects tissues throughout the body, causing acute intoxication. Depending on the type of sexual intercourse, the first signs are located at different sites: the genitals, bowel wall, or in the oral cavity.

4. chlamydia. The most frequently encountered in the practice of gynecologists infectious disease. Chlamydia annually get sick 110 million people. Such widespread due to the almost asymptomatic disease and its diagnosis hindered. Chlamydia can be treated successfully.

5. Gonorrhea. Pathogen infection (gonococcus) does not survive outside the human body and because 99% of it is transmitted through sexual contact. The exception is the use of common wet towels. This is a very contagious disease, the probability of infection is 80%.

Gonorrhea does not always exhibit its characteristic clinical symptoms, so the woman at the time of treatment to the doctor can have a beginning inflammation.

6. Mycoplasmosis.

Infectious disease of the urinary tract, which can show the following forms:

• urethritis;
• vaginitis;
• cervicitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• endometritis;
• salpingitis;
• adnexitis.

It can occur latently or be accompanied by characteristic symptoms of STDs.

7. ureaplasmosis. The infection is quite common in medical practice, however, ureaplasmas hostility is not high. A woman may not be aware that is the carrier, since the disease for a long time are not able to express themselves. Usually about infection becomes known after the outbreak of the virus cell growth due to weakened immunity.

viral infections

• HIV. Retrovirus weakens the protective functions of the body, destroying the cells of the immune system. The disease progresses very slowly - without proper treatment of persons after the infection can live for about 11 years, and with antiretroviral therapy - to 80 years. HIV vaccine does not exist, since getting into the body, the virus is constantly mutating. Classification:

1. HIV-1 or HIV-1 - the most aggressive type of virus, is characterized by the manifestation of symptoms of the disease;
2. HIV-2 or HIV-2 - it is extremely rare, is considered practically non-aggressive, with mild symptoms.

• Genital herpes. The disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus, which is almost 90% of the world population. Once having got the body, it stays there forever, manifesting itself in moments of weakened immunity. Place localization usually the mucous membranes and skin of the face, rarely genitalia. No drugs against HSV, but exists today only therapy is to suppress the outbreak of viral growth.
• Genital warts. Group itself exhibits small growths localized on the genitals, anal input in the oral cavity. Human papilloma virus is the cause of genital warts.
• Hepatitis B. HB virus is very resistant to many influences and is a highly contagious disease. To date, thanks to the improvement of quality of health care, the main mode of transmission is becoming a sexual way. For the prevention of disease should be vaccinated planning and undergo regular inspection.
• Cytomegalovirus (herpes type 5). As with other types of herpes, it has the ability to be present in the human body latent and manifest themselves immunocompromised. But this virus is not very contagious and transmission requires constant contact with the carrier.
• Molluscum contagiosum. The disease is caused by the variola virus, manifests appearing all over her body knotted beige. As a rule, molluscum contagiosum does not require treatment and is held by itself within 1 year. It does not bear any harm to humans.
• Kaposi's sarcoma. The disease is malignant course, damage the mucous membranes and skin. The resulting tumors have a dark color, can be of any shape and convexity. The prevalence of the disease is not large, 50% of cases occur in patients with HIV infection.

Common types:

1. Classic - affects the foot, tibia, and a brush has 3 stages of development;
2. epidemic - localized on the tip of the nose and mucous membranes, characterized by a rapid rate of development.

protozoal infections

Trichomoniasis. The prevalence of this disease is increasing each year, although the body is the infectious agent may not live more than 15 minutes. Diagnosis of the disease is complicated in that the unicellular organism is the causative agent can not be determined by the smear. Danger of serious consequences.

fungal infection

Candidiasis (thrush). A fungal disease that can cause the development of many pathologies. Microorganisms of agent present in the composition of the normal microflora of humans and are moving in an acute stage due to attenuation and immunity flash fungus growth. Candidiasis may occur after receiving antibiotics.

parasitic diseases

1. Pediculosis pubis. Pubic lice, the causative agent of the disease moved from an infected person to a healthy scalp on during sex or sleeping together. Lice are able to maintain their ability to live up to the full 12 hours of fasting, which is a cause of infection with these parasites in public places: baths, saunas, swimming pools.

2. Scabies. Transmission of the itch mite occurs only after prolonged contact of skin leather.

This is due to several factors:

• mite females selected to the skin surface only at night;
• in warm dry environment parasite dies within 36 hours or less;
• to penetrate the skin mite must be at least 30 minutes.

The incubation period for different pathogens

Venereal diseases (symptoms in women begin to appear only after some time after entering an agent in the body) in rare cases can be determined immediately after infection. To penetrate into tissues and organs, and begin to multiply, the infection takes a certain period of time.

During this period it goes through several stages:

• adaptive phase - the latent period of the disease;
• reproductive phase - occurs after contact with the pathogen in favorable conditions;
• dissemination phase - is achieved when a certain number of cells of microorganisms, and they begin to spread to other tissues.

Depending on the nature of the infection, the duration of the flow of all phases will be different:

Title	incubation period
Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)	From 1 week to 3 months
Syphilis	The initial stage up to 6 weeks Primary syphilis 6-7 days Secondary syphilis 9-10 weeks Tertiary syphilis 10-20 years
ureaplasmosis	7-30 days
mycoplasmosis	4-30 days
Gonorrhea	The acute form of 1-3 days Average for 2-4 weeks
chlamydia	2-4 weeks
lymphogranuloma venereum	3-15 days
molluscum contagiosum	2 weeks
Kaposi's sarcoma (Herpes type 8)	Up to 50 days
Cytomegalovirus (herpes type 5)	Stage 1 20-60 days Stage 2 weeks 4-6
hepatitis B	The short period of 25 days Neutral 2-3 months Long before 6 months
genital warts	2-12 weeks
Genital herpes	4-10 days
HIV	From 3 weeks to 1 year
trichomoniasis	From 4 days to 3 weeks
Candidiasis (thrush)	From 5 days to 2 months
pediculosis pubis	20-30 days
Scabies	Adult to 3 hours Larvae 12-14 days

Symptoms of STD infection in women

Diagnosis is complicated by the STD for each common characteristic signs of disease. Because of this feature to determine the pathogen without passing the required tests, relying only on their own feelings, it is impossible.

Venereal disease (symptoms in women are diverse manifestations, depending on the pathogen) can be identified by the first signs on which should immediately pay attention:

• weakness and fatigue;
• temperature rise;
• the appearance of bubbles in the inguinal region;
• a burning sensation during urination;
• vaginal having an unpleasant smell;
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• headache;
• abdominal pain;
• inflammation of the urethra;
• menstrual disorders.

possible complications

Venereal disease (symptoms in women may not be available, and can be pronounced) require co-treatment with a sexual partner.

For early detection of the disease or prevent the need for frequent visits to the gynecologist, the use of contraceptives, holding preventive measures after any unprotected sexual contact - because of this you can not worry about the latent currents disease.

Complications that may result from Venereal Diseases:

• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• menstrual disorders;
• infertility;
• congenital fetal pathology;
• vaginitis;
• soldering the fallopian tubes;
• inflammation of the appendages;
• cervical erosion;
• not childbearing.

Anonymous testing for STDs

Despite the dangerous consequences of advanced forms of STDs, many women are embarrassed to be screened, even with a lot of signs of illness. For some girls publicity could be the end of a career or the cause of family breakdown, others are afraid to admit the fact of the reality of infection.

Anonymous survey helps control infection venereal disease population. In this case, every woman can feel safe - but her no one will know the results.

Public hospitals provide STD testing service for free. Before visiting the institutions need to prepare for, get tested and get a voucher with numbers / pseudonym. On the appointed day, you need to come with him to see a doctor. You can also go through an anonymous survey of private blades.

Collection and analysis of the result does not take long, and will help to maintain health.

Places for tests for STDs:

• clinics with a wide range of services;
• Reproduction Center;
• private clinics;
• KVD paid.

Recommendations, when you need to be examined:

• after sexual intercourse with a casual partner;
• after a case of violence;
• if there is a partner of STDs;
• when detecting signs STDs or are suspected;
• with an active sex life without contraception.

diagnosis of STDs

The best way to identify the causative agent of the disease is a laboratory diagnosis. Often, human infection occurs simultaneously several types of venereal diseases, so it is necessary to use two or more kinds of surveys.

A woman who has found signs of an STD, you should see a doctor and pass the designated expert analyzes.

Important diagnostic measures:

• PCR - a very sensitive diagnostic method to detect DNA and RNA viruses, bacteria and fungal infections.
• IFA - helps to determine duration of the disease, is a bacterial or viral infection. Lack only that at the initial stage of the test may show a negative disease.
• serological methods - are in the study of biological fluids. The most accurate method to date the definition of STD.
• bacteriological analysis - this type of inspection is detected by the pathogen inoculation material on nutrient media. This not only helps determine the cause of the disease, but also to test the response and resistance of microorganisms to certain antibiotics.
• Swab from the vagina - the easiest method of research, which, unfortunately, does not allow to determine the type of infection. For viral pathogens, this method does not fit all.

None of the diagnostic methods can not give a 100% guarantee of virus detection.

Preparation for delivery of biological material for analysis

To be tested for STDs is necessary for 2-4 days after the end of menstruation.

Recommendations for the proper setup procedures:

• to stop the use of antibiotics for 2 weeks before delivery of the analysis;
• 3 days to stop sex;
• for 2 h can not urinate;
• undercut genitals without soap;
• blood needed to take on an empty stomach.

Analysis of pregnancy

Statistics show that almost all of Venereal Diseases can cause spontaneous abortion, fetal fading at any stage, the child's infection. Therefore, during the initial visit to a gynecologist pregnant issued direction to the passage of a series of tests, including complete blood analysis.

When a virus is appointed sparing therapy and a more precise examination of the fetus throughout pregnancy. Also, several times with the same intervals swabs are taken on the microflora of the vagina. The child's father should also be tested for HIV and to provide a watching a woman gynecologist certificate.

Treatment

Venereal disease (symptoms in women can occur latently) in order to avoid complications, it is necessary to treat in a timely manner. If, within 5 days after sexual contact without using contraception to seek help from expert, it is possible to prevent the development of syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases (except HIV and HPV).

For the treatment of STDs is used antimicrobials and readjustment is carried vagina. For more serious diseases (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B) provide for other methods of taking them to tell the doctor.

After the end of the prescribed course of treatment a patient need to be surveyed again to see a complete absence of infection in the body.

To reduce the risk of venereal disease infections, you must have one permanent partner and checked at least 1 time in 6 months or every time after the discovery of suspicious symptoms. Thus a woman can avoid the most dire consequences of advanced forms of the disease - infertility, disability and even death.

Author: T. Diana

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Videos about sexually transmitted diseases

Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases: