German measles in children. Symptoms, photo, stage, treatment, complications, consequences of the disease. prevention

Rubella - the official name of the viral diseases - rubella. It can be congenital or acquired in nature. Pediatric pathology occurs in a mild form and rarely causes complications. It is crucial to distinguish rubella from other diseases, accompanied by similar symptoms (rash, fever, fatigue).

The causative agent of rubella

The causative agent of disease is Rubella virus. It is not adapted to the existence of the body is the carrier. Therefore, in the environment quickly dies. Especially under the influence of disinfectants, ultraviolet radiation and elevated temperatures. Low temperature performance prolong the existence of the virus, so the peak of the disease more often in the winter.

Rubella Infection pathogen develops after contact with mucous airways. They virus evolves and multiplies and gradually penetrate into the bloodstream. Localized infection in the lymph nodes and skin, which penetrates through the blood vessels. Vital functions Virus leads to increased morbidity and lymph nodes, and skin rashes.

Also, the exciter has a devastating effect on the red blood cells included in the blood and the nervous system cells.

Therefore, in rare cases, without proper treatment, the disease can cause severe complications. Ill with measles can be one time in his life, re-development of disease is a rare exception. When acquired infection the patient is contagious for 14 days. And while infecting the baby in the womb is the messenger of the disease up to 2 years.

Key features of the course of rubella in children

German measles in children (the symptoms are different from the type of disease and the patient's age) is mild when compared with the passage of pathology in adults. Prior year pathology manifests itself rarely. The immunity of the child have antibodies from the mother that protect the body from viruses.

But if the parent does not have a protective body (not ill rubella or have not been vaccinated are put down), then the child can become infected with the virus at birth.

Differences symptoms:

rubella Feature	The adult	children
incubation period	It has a duration of up to 28 days	It lasts up to 14 days
Temperature rise	Temperature parameter is kept at around 39 degrees and up to 3 days.	It rises to 37-37,5 degrees. Rarely to 38. Reduced after 2 days.
lymph node status	Increasing first infection.	The lymph nodes become painful and increase by 2 hours after infection.
Rashes on the body	Expressed as the Great Red Spot, which are distributed throughout the body of the person and further around the skin surface. After 4-5 days, they disappear, leaving no trace.	Red or pink spot spots appear on the 5 or 7 days. At first, the rash hit the front part and a brush with the outside hand. Further, the spots spread all over the body during the day. After 3-4 days, they disappear without damaging the state of the skin.
itch	Depending on the shape of the flow can be weak or pronounced.	Is weak or absent.
additional symptoms	Symptoms of SARS are present throughout the disease in clear form.	From the first days of runny nose, cough and sore throat.
complications	High risk of complications (brain dysfunction, respiratory and hearing impairment).	Develop rarely.

Type of symptoms depends on the severity of the immune system. In patients with low immunity disease, even in childhood, can be severe.

How is rubella?

virus infection occurs after contact with mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

transmission path:

• droplet. When communicating with the patient (even if the symptoms of the disease is not expressed);
• contact. When sharing common household items (toothbrush, toys, utensils) with someone infected with the virus;
• transplatsentarno. The transfer of the pathogen from the baby to the mother's womb. Danger stillbirth and development of dangerous complications (deafness, mental retardation and physical deformities).

It is important that the symptoms are not yet manifest, or have disappeared, and the infected person can be a source of disease. Also in mild rubella occurrence, the main symptoms may be absent, but the man is also contagious.

Complications and consequences

Possible consequences of rubella depends on where the infection occurred a child:

Acquired (virus infection after birth) form	Congenital (infection occurs in utero) form
Tonsillitis - inflammation of the lymphoid tissue in the larynx.	Disruption of the cells of the nervous system and brain.
Laryngitis - inflammation in the mucous membranes of the larynx.	Blurred vision or total blindness.
The inflammatory process that occurs in the ear canal.	Violation of the formation and activity of the heart.
The defeat of the joint tissues.	Poor hearing or lack thereof.
Disruption of the brain cells.	The increase in size of the liver and spleen.
The defeat of the cardiovascular system.	Violation of muscle tissue activity (cramps, weak).
Incoordination. In very rare cases - paralysis.	Fragile bone tissue.
When growing up there may be a disruption of the functioning of the reproductive system.	Fading fetal development in utero with subsequent fatal.

The probability of developing complications from the acquired form is minimal. In congenital form is 70% when infected mothers to 12 weeks of pregnancy, 30% during infection in the 2nd trimester, and 10% in the development of the disease in the last stages of gestation of the child.

classification of diseases

German measles in children, the symptoms of which are different from the type of pathology, may take place in three basic forms (false, congenital and acquired).

false rubella

Under the name of false rubella often perceived disease - roseola, as it has similar symptoms (fever, rash, catarrhal symptoms). The disease is also characterized by an acute course of disease, a rash has similar outer contours (small red spots).

Also under false rubella following diseases may be designated with the same symptoms:

• measles. It has an infectious viral nature. The progress of the disease is accompanied by high fever and red rash;
• scarlet fever. Refers to an infectious disease pathogen is a streptococcus. Also accompanied by a rash, fever and cold symptoms;
• chicken pox. The disease is a herpes virus. Onset of the disease has similar symptoms.
• allergic reaction. Depending on the type of lesions and the severity of the allergic reaction symptoms varies.

These diseases have a similarity only by their appearance and often only at the beginning of the development of the disease. The main difference pathologies are different pathogens. Therefore, for an accurate diagnosis of the decision required Deposit required tests and complete examination of the patient.

congenital form

The child can be infected with the virus in utero, if a pregnant ill with rubella during gestation or during the 6 months prior to conception. In the child's main symptoms of the disease may not appear (rash, temperature), but up to 24 months may be a source of infection. Pathogens excreted with the urine, feces and expired air.

When this form of rubella in children are congenital defects in development:

• if the mother had been ill up to 11 weeks of pregnancy or before conception, the child has been the disruption of brain cells;
• by infection during the period of 4-7 weeks of pregnancy there is a violation in the formation of the heart, hearing and vision;
• rubella at 10-12 weeks can cause a violation of the formation of the front part of the skeleton (may develop deformities, cleft lip or cleft palate).

The main part of the pathologies can not be corrected by medication, surgical intervention is required. A child can not attend child care (even if born without abnormalities) until the source of the virus.

Acquired German measles

Acquired rubella in children often occurs in a mild form, without the risk of complications.

The pathology is accompanied by:

• fever;
• the appearance of cold symptoms;
• enlarged lymph nodes in the beginning of the neck and behind the ears and then throughout the body;
• the emergence of small diameter rash that spreads from person across the skin.

Listed symptoms varies depending on the stage of disease occurrence.

the disease stage

German measles passes 3 stages of development, both in children and adults. The shape of the severity of the disease depends on the brightness of the symptoms.

Infection and the beginning of infection in the body

• the virus enters the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, it begins to multiply and enters the bloodstream. The immune system produces antibodies to destroy pathogens. This action is accompanied by an increase in temperature characteristics, the appearance of weakness and headache. Period up to 2 days;
• there is swelling of the lymph nodes behind the ears and on the occipital region and then throughout the body. Perhaps red eyes or conjunctivitis.
  The duration of the period ranging from 10 to 24 days. 5-8 days before the end of the patient becomes infectious.

peak disease

May increase the temperature characteristics. Behind the ears, and a rash appears on the head, which is spreading rapidly throughout the body. The spots are arranged at small distances from each other. The duration of the period up to 3 days. The patient continues to excrete the virus and remains infectious.

stage recovery

The rash disappears without leaving any traces on the epidermis. The body temperature normalized. The patient selects the virus before 7 days. The duration of this stage of 12-14 days. After recuperating in the body are antibodies that prevent infected with rubella virus again.

Specific symptoms

The main symptoms that distinguish from similar rubella diseases are:

• rash. The first rash appears behind the ears, in the neck and face. During the next 24 hours, they spread throughout the skin. After 3 days, they go in the same order. Most localization of spots observed in the field of bending the limbs and buttocks. On the hands and feet are missing. Rash can also affect the oral mucosa, but this symptomatology is poorly expressed. Rash have the form of small spots with a diameter up to 5 mm from pink to red color. Can act on the skin surface.
• swollen lymph nodes. They increase in the occipital region, and behind the ears, then throughout the body. The inflammatory process develops within 3 days after infection and ends 2 weeks after recovery.

  

According to the initial spread of the hearth rash and swollen lymph nodes can be distinguished from rubella similar pathologies.

Non-specific symptoms of rubella

Rubella additionally accompanied by characteristic symptoms and other diseases:

• improving temperature characteristics with increased headache;
• runny nose, sore throat and cough;
• tearing increased with the possible development of conjunctivitis;
• photophobia;
• pain in joints and muscles;
• abdominal pain for a period of onset of rash;
• muscle cramps;
• inflammatory processes in the auditory meatus;

Sometimes it is possible to increase the size of the liver and spleen (with severe forms of percolation).

Unlike rubella measles and chickenpox

German measles in children whose symptoms (rash, fever and common cold symptoms) may resemble other diseases, has distinctive features when compared with measles and chickenpox.

Distinctive symptoms of diseases:

Common symptoms	Rubella	Measles	Chickenpox
Temperature	Rarely rises to 38 degrees.	Temperature parameter is kept in the range of 38-40 degrees.	Accompanied by high-temperature indicators (38-39), cumbersome to decrease.
Rash	Rash from pink to red. The spread begins on the face and on. The spots are not able to merge with each other. As recovery spots fade and disappear without disturbing the state of the epidermis.	Eruptions have a bright red color. As the disease spots may merge. The first rash or lesions observed the face and neck with the further advancement of the body. When recovery pale spots, flaky skin remains in their place.	Pink rash, followed by watery formations in the center. Distribution of spots begins with the body. In the process of recovery in place of spots formed crust, which gradually fall off. In their place is a white skin. Gradually, the tone is leveled.
itch	there is rarely	Absent	Rash accompanied by intolerable itching.
Rash oral	Subtle pink spots.	There are white spots with a red halo.	The presence of bubbles with the liquid contents. When they break formed sores.
swollen lymph nodes	Inflamed around throughout the body.	do not inflame	Lymph nodes are increased only in the area of ​​the neck.

Depending on the shape of the flow symptomatic disease may be enhanced or reduced, it makes the diagnosis. Accurately determine the type of pathology as possible after delivery of the analysis with the identification of the causative agent.

How to distinguish rubella from allergies or roseola?

Features:

Common symptoms	Rubella	Roseola	Allergy
Temperature	The temperature seldom rises to high levels. Increase is possible with the appearance of the rash.	temperature indicator does not exceed 38 degrees and lowered to the appearance of the rash.	The temperature can be increased only in places rashes.
Rash	It has a point of education from pink to red. Rashes affect the entire skin.	Rash represented as pink spots in dot diameter to 5 mm, which cover the body front and rear. Face, neck and limbs remain clean.	The nature of the rash can range from point to large formations of the convex character. Are localized.
itch	Itching is present rarely, a severe form of disease.	Itching is absent.	The rash is often accompanied by itching
swollen lymph nodes	Lymphoid tissue is increased throughout the body.	Lymph nodes are increased only in the area of ​​the neck.	Do not increase.

Symptomatology roseola has many common symptoms of rubella. To accurately determine the type of disease diagnosis also requires the pathogen.

Setting the diagnosis

Pathology Diagnosis comprises the following steps:

Visual examination of the patient

• palpation of the lymph nodes;
• inspection of the nature of the rash;
• identifying rash in the oral cavity;
• determining the status of laryngeal mucosa;
• detecting the presence of the common cold, cough.

Verbal information gathering

• when the first symptoms have been observed;
• how to develop the disease (where the rash appeared, the maximum temperature values, if there itching);
• with whom was the last contact, and which bear the vaccination.

Letting laboratory analysis (urine, blood) to detect the virus and antibodies.

Appointed for 5-6 hours after the first signs.

additional investigations

• roentgen lung tissue;
• electrocardiogram;
• computer or magnetic resonance tomography.

Additional examinations are prescribed for severe form of the disease, in order to avoid the beginning of the development of complications.

treatment with drugs

German measles in children, the symptoms of which characterize the disease course of the stage does not require receiving antiviral agents, the immune system deals with the elimination of the pathogen alone. Therapeutic measures are aimed at addressing the symptoms of the disease.

Prescriber:

• antipyretics and antiinflammatory under strong temperature increase (Nurofen, Aspirin, Paracetamol Child);
• antihistamines (Zodak, Zyrtec, Tavegil). Due to the disorders of the immune system increases the risk of developing an allergic reaction, and drugs help reduce the itching;
• vitamins (Ascorutin);
• immunostimulants (Vobenzim).

In the presence of other symptoms (bad cold, conjunctivitis, increased headache) pediatrician appointed additional drugs.

Rules of behavior of the patient during treatment:

• exception contact with other children;
• bed rest until the rash will not stop;
• regular processing facilities disinfectants and ultraviolet light;
• enlarged drinking regimen (water, fruit drinks, herbal tea);
• the timely adoption of water treatments after normalization of temperature indicators;
• narrowing sunlight or bright light (in the presence of photophobia);
• enough during night and daytime sleep.

In severe form of the disease therapeutic measures are carried out in a hospital environment. Be sure to inform child care, the child is attending, a rubella infection.

Diet

Especially when eating rubella:

• eating small portions of food 2-3 hours;
• products can be boiled or baked, without the formation of crusts;
• dishes should be in liquid form (broths, purees, soups);
• soup, drink, or should be brought to room temperature.

Required to ensure adequate intake of protein and vitamins.

Do I need a vaccination, at what age is held

The first vaccination is done to children from one year and up to 1.5 years, and again in 6 years. It protects the body against the likelihood of infection with the rubella virus. If a child becomes infected during the period between vaccination, then it does not develop complications, the disease is mild, and it is not a source of infection.

Re-vaccination protects against infection for life. But women recommended to carry out preventive vaccination in 3-5 months prior to the planned conception.

Contraindications to vaccination

Before the vaccination is needed examination by a pediatrician for the presence of contraindications:

• violation of the blood;
• severely immunocompromised;
• infectious disease within 14 days prior to grafting formulation;
• an allergic reaction to the components of the drug;
• the presence of elevated temperatures.

It is also recommended not to vaccinate a child in the presence of an allergic reaction (non-drug) in the acute form. Since the immune system is severely weakened in this period.

Forecast

German measles in children are rarely seen the development of complications. Under the conditions of treatment the child is fully restored. When vaccination eliminates the possibility of a virus infection in adulthood. It is the adult disease is dangerous consequences of development. In congenital rubella complications are treatable.

In children, the disease can occur in a very easy manner, without symptoms. The child is also a distributor of the virus. The most dangerous disease for pregnant women, as the causative agent of rubella violates the development and formation of the fetus.

Video of rubella

What is measles:

Author: Svetlana Kotlyachkova