Allergic skin rash in children, infants under one year. Symptoms of an allergy to vitamin C, baby food. Photo. folk remedies Treatment of pharmacy drugs, ointments

Every year a growing number of children with allergies to medicines, foods, physical and chemical stimuli. In rare cases, the allergic reaction is manifested as a rash on the skin of the child, are one of the symptoms of life-threatening diseases. Allergy in a child should be treated in any way.

The reasons that trigger allergies

Reaction of the organism in the form of allergy associated with the failure of the immune system of the child. The occurrence of allergic reactions provoked entering the body of the child allergens (substances that organism for any reason considers dangerous) that triggers the immune defense. The risk of such a reaction increases with existing allergies in one or both parents.

Causes of allergic skin rash in children are:

• medicines - most often an allergic reaction to antibiotics, particularly penicillin group. Ointments and creams can also provoke allergies.

• food - the most common cause due to incomplete development of the gastrointestinal tract. Of the products most commonly cause allergies citrus, fish, eggs, chocolate, berries, nuts, tomatoes, exotic fruits.
• physical factors, Which include saliva and pet dander, dust, insect bites, cold or sunlight. Allergic reaction is mainly caused by animal proteins contained in the dust, hair and saliva. Through the bite of the blood fall apart animal protein and toxins, which is fraught with the development of severe allergies.
• Household chemicals and ingress from the surrounding chemical environment often provoke an allergic reaction. Excessive desire for the child's purity, as well as the use of poor-quality soaps and cleaning agents increase the risk of allergic reactions.

Forms of manifestation and symptoms

Allergic skin rashes in children is one of the manifestations of allergic reactions.

The main cutaneous manifestations:

• Hives. It is characterized by sudden appearance of red spots, sometimes with a slightly protruding blisters, with a pronounced itching. The reason is the occurrence of urticaria entering the body or on the skin of one of the allergens.

• Contact dermatitis It appears with regular skin contact with an allergen.
• Atopic dermatitis. Formed with hereditary predisposition to allergies. It is characterized by well-defined contours of a skin reaction. Initially, the rash appears on one area of ​​the body, then it can occur in other places. The most common sites of localization of lesions are the cheeks, upper and lower limbs, chest, back and abdomen.
• Eczema. It is characterized by the appearance of the skin swelling, redness, vesicles, filled with fluid, crusting in places breaking bubbles. Accompanied by painful itching, burning.
• Neurodermatitis. Initial signs is the appearance of severe itching, redness then arises when skin dryness and peeling, rash formed in the form of fine bubbles. The most common sites of localization of neurodermatitis are knee and elbow bends, the neck, face. The main reasons are: the impact on the skin allergens, but occurs as a manifestation of food allergy.
• angioedema - a dangerous allergic reaction, characterized by the appearance of the skin and mucous membranes edema, pain, burning and itching. The main places of localization are the face, throat and genitals.
• Lyell's syndrome - one of the most dangerous character toksikodermicheskogo skin diseases in children. It is characterized by a very rapid development. After 2-3 days from the start of the condition becomes extremely dangerous, possibly fatal. After raising the temperature to 39 ° C and above there are abundant and numerous cutaneous lesions around cover in the form of red spots with a small swelling, which then grow and coalesce to form large foci. Within one day to the affected areas appear with various size bubbles easily torn surface. In addition to pain, when touched to the skin begin to peel off the outer layers of the skin erosion formed at these locations. Within a short period of time, all the skin becomes red. The disease is accompanied by severe pain, even with a light touch. When Lyell syndrome Severe dehydration occurs with its characteristic common manifestations of a strong thirst, headaches, drowsiness and disorientation. In addition to bleeding mucous membranes of most organs, there are disturbances in the work of almost all organs of the child systems. The main causes of the disease are infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and taking medication.

localization

Location of allergic rashes on the skin depends on the type of allergen and its effects on organ systems among children.

Main place of localization of lesions:

• Allergic rashes on the lower extremities. Location in one area shows that there was a reaction to an external allergen - household products, plants and other materials, contact with which could occur in the home.
• Allergic reaction to the hands. Irritation of the hands points to the contact with chemicals, including ingredients shoddy toys, detergents or cosmetics. When food allergic reactions characterized by rash, redness, swelling and itching at the site of the elbow bend.
• Rashes on the face. The appearance of dryness, rash, redness, flaking and itching on her cheeks and chin points to the occurrence of food allergies.
• Rash on the buttocks characteristic reaction to allergens contained in the laundry detergent and diaper rash creams from.
• Allergic manifestations on the back indicate contact with an allergen in the fluff, wool products and reactions to medications. By type of rash is different from the prickly heat larger size and is independent of temperature and humidity.

Diagnostics

In allergic rashes in children for diagnosis doctor initially visually inspects the patient asks about the complaints, about the time of the skin reaction, it flows, the conditions in which allergic skin manifestations are most pronounced if they have parental allergies, finds out whether there were contacts with possible allergens.

A prerequisite for the diagnosis of a common biochemical and blood tests.

To confirm the presence of an allergic reaction and detection of allergen used additional tests:

• In the presence of blisters and pustules may be carried out an analysis of their content.
• Allergy test, which is carried out by applying to the skin incisions or punctures with different types of potential allergens. The reactions of the skin at the site of penetration of potential allergens in the form of redness or slight swelling suggest an allergic reaction to the substance.

• Analysis of blood for the presence therein of antibodies, by determining a quantitative value IgE in the plasma. If a positive reaction is carried out further analysis for specific antibodies.
• The blood test for specific antibodies IG E, which are the cause of allergy, helps to identify the group of allergens that cause a defense reaction of the organism.
• An elimination tests. At constant contact with the allergen to confirm an allergic reaction to it using a special method, which consists in the elimination of a potential allergen for any kind of contact with him. While improving the condition of the child within 1-2 weeks after the removal of the allergen can be regarded as the substance or food product cause an allergic reaction.

How to distinguish from other diseases: especially allergies

1. Allergic rashes in most cases do not cause increase in temperature, unlike infectious. The only exceptions are cases of infection penetration in areas of epidermal injury. For infections of the body temperature typically rises show signs of intoxication lead to weakness, aching, headaches, fatigue and drowsiness.
2. Rashes caused by allergies, itchy and can be complemented by clear nasal discharge, or swelling of the face.
3. Eruptions in infections first appear on one area of ​​the body, then move to another.
4. Allergic skin rash in children in contact with the allergen appear at points of contact. Although the location of rash hives varied.
5. Scabies is also accompanied by the emergence of itching and reddish spots, but the itch is most often observed at night, and the skin there are white stripes-moves by the tick.
6. When present zoster light pink scaly patches with sharp outlines, can increase the lymph nodes and the temperature rise. When an allergic skin reaction spots more often vague.
7. There are some diseases in which skin rashes are very similar to allergies. These include chicken pox, tick-borne Lyme disease and others.

Symptoms of cutaneous manifestations of allergies are varied and in some cases are similar to infectious diseases. In some cases, there is both. For correct treatment and proper diagnosis is necessary to address to experts, even with mild symptoms, otherwise the situation will grow worse. In addition, the rash may be a sign of serious illness.

Methods of treatment of allergic rashes in children

Allergic skin rash in children, in most cases require no treatment.

The main methods of treatment of skin manifestations of allergy:

• elimination of the allergen;
• receiving antihistamines, prescribed by a doctor;
• application of ointments and creams to reduce the space for rashes and itching antiseptic portion;
• receiving sorbents for detoxifying;
• receiving sedatives, especially pruritus and burning sensation;
• receiving diuretic medications with significant swelling.

First aid

The most dangerous allergic reaction is allergic to drugs. On the skin appear red swollen and itchy spots. Then there is a weakness, dizziness, pale skin and difficulty breathing. Following the occurrence of stains on the skin occurs laryngeal edema, nose, lips, face and airways.

Drug allergies can cause angioedema, as well as toxic epidermal necrolysis, so you should immediately call an ambulance and first aid.

Actions for severe allergic symptoms:

• child seat in an upright position to facilitate breathing;
• in the presence of antihistamine to give it to the baby. If he can not swallow the tablet yourself, you need to crush it and fall asleep in the mouth, giving the drink a little water;
• calm yourself and the child;
• with loss of consciousness constantly monitor pupils, breathing and pulse;
• in the absence of respiration and heart rate should be carried out artificial respiration and chest compressions to restore breathing and heart renewed.

Diet for hives

Allergic skin rash in children may occur as a reaction to certain foods, so you need special diet, even when identified allergens. In addition to the elimination diet, intended to exclude certain allergens from your diet, it is necessary to comply with hypoallergenic diet.

Completely excluded from the diet of a child following products:

• citrus;
• berries and fruits red and orange shades;
• Nuts of all kinds;
• chocolate;
• pastry and rich products;
• fish and meat products (except for chicken and turkey);
• cheese;
• pineapple, pomegranate and melon;
• eggs;
• honey and jam;
• beans, peanuts and soybeans;
• tomatoes, bell peppers and eggplant;
• seasonings, except for a small amount of salt;
• mushrooms.

Authorized products with a hypoallergenic diet:

• lean boiled beef, turkey breast and chicken, beef tongue;
• vegetarian soups resolved products;
• olive and sunflower oil;
• rice, oat and buckwheat porridge;
• dairy products;
• pear and apple green varieties;
• fresh cucumbers;
• cabbage;
• boiled potatoes;
• green peas;
• dried fruit compote of them;
• nesdobnoe bread;
• tea;
• sugar.

Antihistamines and ointments

Exception of allergens and special diet good help for allergies, but the effect does not occur immediately, besides not always identify all allergens. For relief of acute forms of allergy or treating current, necessary to use antihistamines in various forms.

For young children, oral medications are used in the form of drops and syrups.

Often used in allergic rashes inside the following medications:

• antihistamines 1st generation (Suprastin, Tavegil, Feninsil) with a strong sedative effect - are used in all types of allergic reactions;
• antihistamine medicines 2nd generation (loratadine, Klaridol, Terfenadil, astemizole, cetirizine, Zyrtec, Claritin) - due to the lack sedation and addiction recommended for complex treatment of allergic reactions such as atopic dermatitis and other children over 2 years;
• antihistamine medicines third generation (levocetirizine, Aerius, Ksizal, Suprastineks) without side effects - used to treat children older than one year, are suitable for long-term therapy.

Of antihistamines gels, ointments and creams are popular:

• Fenistil gel;
• Gistan;
• Vundehil;
• Bepanten;
• Epidel;
• Nezulin gel.

Treatment of folk remedies: Recipes

From birth, for the treatment of allergic rashes recommended baths with herbal decoction. In addition to ease symptoms, such procedures are beneficial to the nervous system of the child.

To be effective, herbal bath you need to take a course in a day, only 5-7 sessions. Before the procedure is necessary to test for an allergic reaction since Herbal decoction can also cause allergies First, it recommended herbal teas oregano, chamomile, succession, dandelion, sage, wormwood. You can combine herbs for water treatment.

1. Very good for skin allergies Bath with a decoction of the twigs and leaves of black currant, Boiled for 9-12 minutes, and insist in a dark place for hours.
2. For baths with infusion of succession need 6 tablespoons herbs to fill a liter of boiling water and infuse for 15-20 minutes.
3. If a strong itch help Bath with extract of oregano. 50 g of dry grass pour 4 tbsp. boiling water and give it brew for 2-2.5 hours.
4. Allergic rashes in infants can be cured lubrication of affected areas fresh juice of carrots.
5. Until the disappearance of rashes recommended to give decoction of the roots of the raspberries 1:10, boiled for 35-45 minutes. His take 1 tablespoon twice a day.

What not to do

If you suspect an allergic reaction is not allowed to self-medicate.

In the presence of allergic reactions to medication drugs reception of new medicines is only possible after consultation with an expert. Under certain allergens do not eat, to which they belong, even in a minimal amount.

If contact allergy is necessary by all means to avoid contact with the allergen on the skin or inside the body. If you suspect a angioedema and other dangerous forms of allergic reactions in any case it is impossible to ignore their symptoms. It is necessary to urgently call a team of emergency medical aid.

Despite the prevalence and relative harmlessness of allergic skin rash in children, some of them are dangerous to life. Any kind of allergy you must correctly be treated with medication, hypoallergenic diet, elimination of the allergen.

Video of allergic rashes in children, symptoms and treatments

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