Mononucleosis in children. That is, symptoms and treatment, photo infectious, viral, chronic. Stage than dangerous complications, the consequences of an illness. How to treat

Mononucleosis in children - this is a very common disease. It occurs so frequently that the five-year age become infected every second child. But only 5% of them it progresses and develops, due to the insufficient development of the immune system.

Causes of

The disease is contagious nature, and its development provokes a type of herpes virus. A child can catch hemolytic, contact or by airborne droplets, wherein distributors infections often not only patients with pronounced symptoms, but also the media, in which the disease itself does not shows.

The most common cause of infection becomes a kiss.

Children are faced with this disease more often than adults, which can be explained not formed until the end of the immune system. Above all morbidity in children under five years of age, as well as in adolescence. This is due to the number of physical contact, the physiological nature of the changes and problems with immunity.

Mononucleosis in children - a disease caused by a not very resistant to environmental factors virus that dies quickly under the action of ultraviolet radiation as a result of disinfection. Therefore, the air route of transmission is not very common. The development of symptoms in about one person in 20 infected.

When the child recovers, it does not exclude traces of conservation in the tissues of the infectious agent, which may lead to recurrence of the disease. They are especially great threat due to immune deficiency, which may be associated with other health problems, characteristics of living conditions or taking medications.

If a woman during pregnancy faced with mononucleosis, it likely can pass it on to the unborn baby. Infants suffer heavy disease by interfering with microcephaly, visual impairment, hearing loss, seizures, developmental delays, lesion of the spleen and liver. It is therefore very important to avoid this path mononucleosis infection, to take timely treatment measures.

symptoms of mononucleosis

Due to the variability of symptoms manifestations, it is often difficult to diagnose the disease accurately. Some atypical and mild form of the virus may be associated with the absence of the most striking features. Sometimes for mononucleosis is wave-like nature, in which the symptoms subside and amplified alternately.

The incubation period is usually falls within the range of 1 to 3 weeks. As the disease can develop gradually and acquire acute form immediately.

In the first case, the initial symptoms are:

• child's complaints about a significant deterioration;
• blood vessels overflow nasopharyngeal mucosa;
• increase in redness and tonsils;
• nasal congestion and occurrence of edema in the nasal passages.

If mononucleosis starts with an acute stage, the virus leads to a sharp increase in body temperature, chills, fever with sweating, aching muscles and a sharp pain in her throat. Typically, a feverish condition accompanied by jumps of temperature, and it can last for about a month.

One of the most characteristic symptom is a lymph node enlargement. Soreness in the early stages is not even on palpation, but the development of the disease and the lack of adequate treatment, they start to hurt.

In the following symptoms can be present as additional symptoms:

• characteristic rash;
• enlargement of the spleen and liver size (this symptom is more common in adults, but occurs in children);
• angina symptoms: grain pharynx, redness, superficial hemorrhage.

The rash usually appears 3-5 day of disease and appears as dark spots, which may have different shades of red. These lesions appear as a localized (on the hands, face) and spread throughout the body. They do not require special care and targeted treatment, and are alone for a week.

Normally, there should be no itching.

If the skin is scratched, it may indicate the onset of allergies to medications. In this case it is necessary to assign a different antibiotic of the group.

Mononucleosis may be associated with the following diseases:

• tonsillitis;
  
• bronchitis;
• hypoplasia of the bone marrow tissue;
• tracheitis;
• polyadenylation;
• uveitis;
• nasopharyngitis;
• jaundice.

Diagnosis is complicated by a single ordering of symptoms. The disease may be differently itself, depending on the immune response of the organism, the age of the patient, form of mononucleosis and the presence or absence of concomitant diseases.

Sometimes the clinical picture includes symptoms such as digestive disorders, worsening of sleep, abdominal pain, dizziness. If untreated, the infection becomes chronic, which can last up to one and a half years.

diagnosis of the disease

Mononucleosis in children - an infectious disease diagnosis is sometimes very difficult for atypical or obliterated. The various manifestations of the symptoms may be present and the acute form, therefore, a presumptive diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test.

Hemolytic study indicated for the complex of symptoms.

The highest value for a correct diagnosis laboratory analysis for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. In some cases, the physician may prescribe the patient's saliva test for the presence of a virus, but this is not an analysis highly indicative, since mononucleosis detected in saliva within six months after complete recovery child.

Picture of the disease helps to clarify ultrasound abdominal organs, biochemistry analysis. Of great importance is the experience of the doctor and conduct sufficient research that can help to distinguish from disease with acute bacterial and respiratory diseases as well as hepatitis, HIV, leukemia and pseudotuberculosis many others.

After recovery, blood tests are also performed, by which to monitor the effectiveness of treatment, avoiding relapses.

medication

Mononucleosis in children - a disease that at the moment does not mean special treatment. It is usually supportive and aimed at getting rid of the symptoms. Ruled out the use of drugs based on aspirin, because there is a risk of Reye's syndrome, and medicines containing paracetamol in the composition, which may impinge on the health liver.

Usually able to do the treatment at home, and periodic visits to the doctor, but sometimes, in the presence of complications and of complex diseases require hospitalization.

Experts identify the following signs of the need for hospitalization:

• expressed intoxication, which is manifested by fever, migraines, digestive disorders and syncope;
• hyperthermia, whereby the temperature rises to 39-39,5 ° C;
• joining other diseases of infectious nature;
• polyadenylation the threat of asphyxiation.

In other cases, perhaps home treatment with strict observance of bed rest.

Drug treatment of mononucleosis is in the following events:

• decrease in the inflammatory manifestations of the nasopharynx;
• increase of resistance;
• increasing the resistance of the organism using vitamin complexes;
• relief and reduction of symptoms;
• reduction hyperthermia;
• reduction of allergy;
• surgical treatment (to get rid of extra laryngeal edema or rupture of the spleen);
• therapy with antibiotics in detecting bacterial infection;
• support the functioning of the liver and spleen in violation of their functions;
• glucocorticosteroids with identifying signs hypertoxic lesion.

Folk remedies

In addition to the comprehensive treatment of mononucleosis may be resorted to the popular recipes. The most common of them is a decoction of cabbage leaves, which is allowed to use on a daily basis.

Also help to cope with the disease herbal teas, which include birch buds, clover flowers, aerial parts of yarrow and calendula, rose hips, birch leaf, nettle and currant, dandelion roots, burdock, marshmallow.

Before using any herbal important to ensure that no child have allergies to its components. The recipe of tincture is the same for all fees: 2 tbsp. l. grasses pour 1 liter of boiling water. Broth infused overnight and then used for a third cup before meals.

The following folk remedies can also be used:

1. Astragalus root. Not without reasons, this plant is known as one of the most effective drugs to fight mononucleosis. At its root the plant accumulates substances relieves the development of the virus and does not lead to undesirable effects. Astragalus root can be consumed in capsule form or as a tea.
2. Golden root. To overcome secondary bacterial mononucleosis by using tea from golden root. It is used for both children and adults.
3. Ginger and turmeric root. Used for the symptomatic treatment of pain in the throat, which often occurs in this disease. Ginger tea should drink warm, you can add a little honey, if your child is not allergic.
4. Oregon grape root. Decoction on the basis of this plant are sold in pharmacies, it helps to support the work of the liver, which often suffers during mononucleosis.
5. Echinacea. It strengthens the body's defenses, has antimicrobial effects. It is used in the form of teas, decoctions or infusions.
6. Melissa. It has a pronounced therapeutic effect and is often used in treatment. Highly regarded for what has sedative and antispasmodic effect. Melissa can be drunk as a decoction or tea and just add your favorite teas child.

Relieve inflammation of lymph nodes, you can use fitoapplikatsy. Prepare can be from birch leaves, arnica and blackcurrant, pine buds, drug calendula, chamomile, willow leaf clover medicament and marsh cudweed. 5 Art. l. such mixture is poured liter of boiling water and infused for half an hour.

Wet herbal weight after removing excess liquid is applied to inflamed lymph nodes as a compress for 15-20 min.

Swelling of the nasopharynx, the spread of inflammation and pain in the throat helps rinse saline. It is possible to prepare yourself (for children is usually taken a teaspoon of sea salt per cup of water) or purchased at the pharmacy. Sea salt can replace conventional, adding 1-2 drops of a solution of conventional iodine.

It is also possible to use for washing or weak saline solution of baking soda. To resort to any means of traditional medicine can not be without a consultation with a specialist. Uncontrolled self-medication can lead to a transition of mononucleosis chronic and significant problems of his therapy.

Diet for mononucleosis

A child suffering from mononucleosis, may complain of lack of appetite and refuse to eat. To solve this problem, you can split meals, in which the body will not spend a large amount of energy on digestion. A special diet recommended to observe not only during treatment, but also during the first six months after recovery.

Fall under the prohibition of any kind of food with high fat, as well as semi-finished products, canned, pickled, spicy, smoked and pickled mushrooms. The basis of the diet should be milk products, vegetable dishes, lean fish, poultry, meat, grain cereals, berries and fruits.

Especially useful for the child during the recovery period rather weak broth with meat, vegetable soups and rich in vitamins excessive drinking.

possible complications

Mononucleosis in children - a disease, the most common of which are the development of complications jaundice (with liver disease) and joining bacterial infection leading to severe tonsillitis. Much less likely to cause disease paratonzillit, sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia.

The most dangerous complication can be called up to the enlargement of the spleen rupture. It is extremely rare, but it carries a high risk to life. This requires immediate hospitalization and surgery. Develop against bacterial infectious mononucleosis process can be triggered by a variety of pathogens.

Also among the complications are the following problems:

• severe forms of hepatitis;
• meningoencephalitis;
  
• neuritis and polyneuritis;
• complications in the cardiovascular system;
• interstitial pneumonia;
• anemia.

With timely and adequate therapy forecast - extremely favorable. If the diagnosis was incorrect or missing treatment, the disease can not only cause complications, but also become chronic.

Among the long-term effects, which causes mononucleosis, lymphoma can be identified. This oncological disease sometimes occurs against the backdrop of a sharp drop in the level of immunity, but research suggests that a history of mononucleosis does not play a key role.

recovery period

For 3-6 months (sometimes longer if the disease had complications) in a child may complain of fatigue high, it requires a longer rest periods than before. In this case, the child is shown a light diet, sleep during the day, the lack of high emotional and physical stress. Routine vaccination in the recovery phase should not take place.

If the child's condition allows, it shows the fresh air, which accelerate the recovery process.

Abandon them only recommended in very cold ambient temperatures, and during epidemics of other infectious diseases that could lead to recurrence of mononucleosis. Throughout treatment and for six weeks after recovering the child shall be exempt from any physical stress that can lead to rupture of the spleen.

Important! After this illness to be tested for HIV since it is able to suppress the immune system.

Recommendation Dr. Komarovsky

Experienced physician and author of numerous books Yevgeny Komarovsky makes the following comments on the treatment of mononucleosis in children:

1. The average duration of the acute form of 2-3 weeks, and this should not be afraid, as the recovery in most cases takes place without any problems.
2. The defeat of the lymphoid system makes the child extremely vulnerable to many diseases. This explains a high probability of complications.
3. Therapy is largely symptomatic. In particularly difficult and severe cases can be assigned to hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, but usually it is not necessary. The remaining steps are the same with recommended treatment with other viral infections: diet, rest, sound sleep, nasopharyngeal lavage.
4. As a rule, complications of the disease are treated with antibiotics. Moreover, the use of amoxicillin and ampicillin are almost always lead to the appearance of the rash on the skin. At the moment, medicine know the answer to the question, why it happens, but the rash is a variant of the norm, and passes on their own, without causing any effect.
   
5. When the disease is receding, the child continues to feel weakened, since immunity may take some time to recover. Therefore, in the first six to twelve months after recovery it is recommended to limit contact with people, to avoid any vaccination, spend less time in the open sun.
6. Detection of mononucleosis in the institution where the child learns, does not require disinfection and quarantine. Simply conduct a thorough wet cleaning.
7. The main danger of the virus is that it has a certain oncogenic activity. Cancer - a very rare consequence of the disease, but if the normal state of the blood recovery is delayed, it should have regular checkups at the doctor-hematologist.

How not to become infected by a sick child adults and other children

On recovery child carrier frequently is the disease, but administration of quarantine and remedies are generally not recommended. Experts advise to avoid visiting the houses in which the infection has been recorded, as it can spread airborne, but do not result in variants of specific measures that can reduce the likelihood of infection.

To prevent disease is recommended to follow the general principles of prevention: full follow a balanced diet, tempered, observe resting and waking, play sports, avoid stressful situations, if necessary - to use vitamin and mineral complexes.

In rare cases (in the absence of an adult good immunity), the child can infect their parents, so at the time of treatment is recommended to reduce physical contact and avoid kisses. Much more likely the infection brother or sister, whose age are at risk, so it is important to maintain a good level of immunity.

Of great importance is a thorough wet cleaning of the apartment, regular airing.

Mononucleosis in children - a disease that is not always easy to identify, even experienced, so do not try to diagnose yourself. Self-medication in this case likely to bring harm than help to recover.

Preventive visit a pediatrician to help in time to identify health problems, which reduces the likelihood of developing a chronic form of the disease and the appearance of complications.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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