Erythrocytes in the child's urine. What does this mean rate table for girls, boys, elevated, unchanged

Exceeding the standards of red blood cells in the urine of a child can be a consequence of serious infringements and called the notion of hematuria. Red blood cells are formed in the skull bone marrow, or spine edges and to consist of 98% hemoglobin by which oxygen delivery is performed.

What is the red blood cells in the urine of his rule, and for the body

Erythrocytes - blood cells are disk-shaped, providing the transport of oxygen to all tissues of the body. They originate in the lungs where oxygen is taken up and provide power to all cells and tissues.

Along with leukocytes and platelets play an important role in the circulatory system and perform the functions of:

• transport - transportation of carbon dioxide, nutrients and biologically active substances and hormones;
• protection - neutralization of toxins and participate in blood coagulation;
• regulatory - maintaining the ionic composition of the plasma and water metabolism and regulation of vascular tone.

Limits of red blood cells are unstable and depend on the sex and age of the child. Analysis of the urine of a healthy child should indicate the absence or the amount of a single blood cell. Indicators in this case will vary according to gender: for boys 2 years, the number of red blood cells is 0-1, and the girls - 0-3.

In newborn infants, the norm is considered an indicator 0-7, as in the period of fetal development there is an increased level of red blood cells. Hematuria diagnosed when erythrocyte indices exceed 4 units, indicating a possible pathologies in the body.

Reasons for red blood cell abnormalities

The increase in red blood cells in the urine is a short-term or permanent.

The transient increase is due to physiological causes:

• enhancement of physical activity;
• eating disorders;
• stress conditions;
• abuse of citrus;
• violation of the rules of collection tests.

Constant hematuria provoke diseases of the urogenital system, viral and bacterial infections, which require a thorough examination. In normal operation, the erythrocytes do not penetrate the kidneys into the urine, as the body operate glomeruli filtration function. In the presence of diseases, this function is weakened, and the membrane is passed renal blood cells in urine.

Red blood cells in the urine of the child may appear as a result of renal, prerenal and postrenal reasons. Renal hematuria expressed impaired kidney function due to changes in membrane permeability. Prerenal reasons due to renal vascular permeability.

Postrenal reasons shall not affect the functioning of the body and affect the operation of the urinary system.

Diseases of the genitourinary system, contributing to the development of hematuria:

kidneys	Inflammatory diseases: pyelonephritis; glomerulonephritis;	The absence of inflammation: stones in the kidneys; tumor formation; trauma; renal tuberculosis; hydronephrosis
Urinary system	Cystitis, urethritis.	birth defects; urolithiasis disease; tumor.

Some pathology promote entry into the blood of bacteria and viruses, waste products, which negatively affects the functioning of kidneys:

• Acute respiratory disease and influenza lead to death of erythrocytes which subsequently are deposited in the urine;
• dysentery, typhoid fever, severe intestinal disorders contribute to an increase in temperature and release of blood cells;
• sepsis provokes severe intoxication;
• purulent diseases.

Most of the disease provokes intoxication, which give the reaction all organs, including the kidneys. Because of this reaction, at the time of filtration of blood plasma membranes of the kidneys, erythrocytes in urine leak.

The presence of red blood cells in the urine of the child has different kinds of manifestations:

1. An initial view - staining blood cells only primary urine servings. The appearance of blood provoke inflammation, tumor and damage to the channel of the bladder.
2. terminal kind - the lack of blood in the initial urine samples and the presence of it at the end of urination. The reason is a bladder disease.
3. Total - all the colored urine sample blood. It occurs due to the presence of tumor or inflammatory processes.

Symptoms of erythrocyte abnormalities

Symptomatology appearance of red blood cells in the urine of the child will depend on the illness, which provoked their appearance. The children found 2 types of hematuria - microscopic hematuria and gross hematuria. When macrohematuria presence of erythrocytes in the urine in the field of view is from 3 to 20. Changing the color of urine is observed.

Gross hematuria diagnosed when the number of blood in urine is greater than 20 cells. This number affects the color of urine and its colors in different shades of red. The higher the number of red blood cells, the more intense the color of urine. Often, increasing blood cell parameters in urine provokes pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, or cystitis.

Pyelonephritis manifested symptoms:

• 38-39S elevated temperature;
• impaired urination process;
• back pain;
• urine with a rusty tinge;
• the presence in urine of white flakes;

Cystitis manifests symptoms in the form of frequent painful urination, possible low-grade fever, dragging pain in the abdomen. There are signs of general malaise: fatigue, drowsiness, headache. For glomerulonephritis characterized by three groups of symptoms: urinary, hypertensive and edematous.

Exhibits a decrease in urine volume, increased blood pressure and severe swelling in the facial area. Diseases of the genitourinary system is not manifested by the presence of inflammatory dull pain in the lower abdomen and back area. Accompanied by frequent urination or urinary retention, as well as her incontinence.

Diagnosis of the level of red blood cells in urine

Red blood cells in the urine of the child are a symptom of the disease, not the disease itself, so all diagnosis methods should be directed to the search for the underlying cause. To identify pathology that caused hematuria, a number of instrumental and laboratory research.

Diagnosis begins with a medical history of the child collection and inspection of the pediatrician. It provides a thorough palpation of the abdomen, which can be used to test the enlarged kidneys or bladder. An important stage of the survey is to examine urine samples. Must pass the general urine and blood, urine on Nechiporenko, urine crops on flora.

For additional examination assigned cystoscopy, radiography, ultrasonography kidneys.

Laboratory studies include methods for:

1. Urine sediment examination to determine the occurrence of erythrocyte source. If it contains white blood cells, it indicates the presence of inflammation.
2. Analysis on urine culture surrenders after detection of bacteria in the sediment study. Using this method is determined by the infectious agent in the kidney and bladder.
3. Urinalysis for nechyporenko aims to study the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and the cylinder 1 ml liquid. It is used after detection urinalysis parameters exceeding the norm. Analysis by nechyporenko helps determine the level of inflammation, and is indicated for urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, kidney failure and urolithiasis.
4. General blood test helps to identify disorders of the kidneys. When inflammation of the kidney and other diseases of the body increases in blood urea levels.

Instrumental investigations include ultrasound, cystoscopy and X-rays. Ultrasound is applied for examination of the kidneys and bladder, and can detect tumors, cysts, stones and sand.

Cystoscopy is necessary to examine the inside of the bladder. The method comprises administering to the device a cystoscope into the bladder through the urethra and helps to evaluate the state of the organ. It is used in chronic cystitis, urolithiasis, provoking the appearance of red blood cells in the urine.

Radiography is used for examination of the kidneys and ureters. For this purpose, most commonly used excretory pyelography - X-ray examination of the urinary tract and kidneys, based on the introduction of a contrast agent into the bloodstream. Reveals the presence of anomalies in the structure of the kidneys and ureters channels, rocks and breaks that encourage the development of hematuria.

In some cases, as a method of diagnosis is assigned spiral computed topography. It is to study the kidneys and is suitable for detection of stones.

Prevention erythrocyte level deviation

Certain preventive methods to increase the level of red blood cells in the urine of the child are not available, as it is a symptom, not a disease.

Avoid factors causing the development of kidney disease, and urinary tract:

• avoid hypothermia;
• observe good personal hygiene to prevent the development of bacteria and their penetration into the urinary canal;
• timely change the child's underwear and implement change diapers;
• conduct regular inspection.

You can also prevent the development of the physical causes of hematuria:

• avoid stressful situations;
• eye on nutrition;
• use less of citrus, which can trigger the release of red blood cells in the urine;
• control the level of physical activity in children.

Therapies erythrocyte level deviation

Red blood cells in the urine of the child appear as a result of certain abnormalities in the body, on the removal of which should be treated. Depending on the nature of the disease, its elimination will be carried out with the help of medication, use of traditional methods of struggle or surgery.

drug therapy

As the drug therapy for the treatment of hematuria and pain relievers are applied hemostatic agents, as well as broad-spectrum antibiotics. To maintain the overall condition of the body appointed by a course of vitamins.

Analgesics are indicated for use in diseases of the urinary tract: pyelonephritis, cystitis, glomerulonephritis with severe pain. Antispasmodics used in urolithiasis.

Painkillers and antispasmodics:

1. Paracetamol It has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Approved for use in children from 3 months. Taking the drug can be no more than 3-4 times a day, every 4-6 hours.
2. ibuprofen and its analogues - analgesic anti-inflammatory drug. Actively used in the treatment of glomerulonephritis. Babies drug is given at a dosage of 20-40 mg per 1 kg of not more than 2 times per day.
3. Noshpa - antispasmodic. It is used in diseases of the genitourinary system. medicament dose for children under 12 years of age is 80 mg per day and is divided into 2 doses. The dosage for children over 12 years divided into 3-4 receptions and 160 mg per day.

Hemostatic drugs are used to stop bleeding, provoking entering red blood cells in urine:

1. ambenom - antihemorrhagic agent in the form of injections. Introduced 50-100 mg intravenously with an interval of 4 hour. The daily dosage and duration of treatment depends on the particular course of the disease.
2. vikasol - Antihemorrhagic drug, vitamin, increases blood clotting. It is administered as an intramuscular injection or orally. The dosage of the drug in tablet form is for children from 1 year - 2-5 mg, 2 years - 5-6 mg, from 9 to 14 years - 10-15 mg. It is taken to 3 times a day, depending on the degree of disturbances in the body. The course duration should not exceed 4 days.

Red blood cells are detected in the urine of the child, are eliminated by the appointment of antibacterial therapy. It consists in the antibiotics that are used for urinary tract infections, kidney disease. Selection of drugs and duration of the course will depend on the species of bacteria, pathogens and the severity of the child's condition.

Antibiotics for hematuria:

1. gentamicin - antibacterial agent wide action. Product: powder for breeding and intramuscular administration. The daily dose for children older than 2 years is 3-5 mg per 1 kg of weight. Duration of treatment 5-7 days.
2. ciprofloxacin - the preparation, exerting inhibitory effect on the vital activity of bacteria. It is used for diseases of the genitourinary system, and sepsis. It is taken orally. The average dosage of 250-500 mg of the drug. In uncomplicated kidney diseases and bladder daily dose is 250 mg 2 times a day. In diseases of the genitourinary system, accompanied by an increase in temperature, to be taken by 500 mg three times a day. The duration of therapy for 7 days.
3. Fosmofitsin - antibacterial drug used in cystitis and urethritis. Administered orally or intravenously. When taken orally in the acute phase of disease is assigned 2, 1 g of the drug once a day. For intravenous administration, the daily dose is divided into 2 times, 100-200 mg per 1 kg weight. Duration of treatment 7-10 days.

Traditional methods

Red blood cells in the urine of a child, appeared as a result of non-serious disease, can be eliminated with the help of folk remedies. In diseases of the kidneys and bladder should take diuretic teas and beverages containing cranberries, juniper berries.

Traditional methods to combat hematuria in children:

1. Drinking cranberry juiceWhich possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Suitable cystitis. To prepare the drink must take 500 g of fresh berries, bring them to the pasty state. Mix with 1.5 L of water and 100 g of sugar. Bring to boiling and boil for 2-3 minutes. Consume 2 cups per day.
2. Decoctions of juniper berries - Anti-inflammatory and diuretic. It is necessary to fill 30 of berries and 1 cup of boiling water. Infusions give about half an hour. Take 2-3 times a day with 100 ml.
3. Decoction of burdock root - a diuretic and tonic. For the preparation you need to take 3 tbsp. l. dry burdock root and fill in 1 liter of boiling water, brought to a boil and keep the fire until evaporate half the liquid used. Accept with honey or sugar, 100 ml, 2 times per day.
4. Decoction of corn silk - an effective tool in the treatment of pyelonephritis and urolithiasis. For the preparation of 1 hour. l. stigmata pour 200 ml of boiling water for 2 hours. Take 100 ml 3 times per day.
5. Multicomponent broth: flax and pumpkin seeds, linden blossom, blackberry leaves, black elder, herb St. John's wort, dried chamomile flowers. Combine 2 tablespoons. l. each component of the dry mix. 5 Art. l mixture pour 500 ml hot water and boil. Insist for 1 hour. Strain and drinking amount obtained solution 3 times a day. It is used as a styptic.

Other methods

Depending on the disease provoked occurrence of erythrocyte in urine, such treatments can be applied:

• dieting;
• surgery;
• physiotherapy;
• Spa treatment;

The diet is to avoid the fatty, spicy, savory products, sweets and carbonated beverages. Be sure to pyelonephritis, cystitis, urolithiasis.

The indications for surgery are those diseases:

• purulent pyelonephritis;
• renal failure;
• Tumor;
• cyst formation.

Physiotherapy protrudes component complex treatment, and is often used in chronic cystitis and urolithiasis. Cystitis practice routines that help to relax the bladder walls and the use of electrophoresis.

In the presence of kidney stones is used ultrasound therapy and magnetic therapy. Spa treatment provided the use of mineral water and mud baths. Used in pyelonephritis, cystitis, urolithiasis at the end of the acute period of the disease.

complications

Delays in addressing the causes that provoked the appearance of red blood cells in the urine of a child can lead to complications. The nature of complications will depend on the type of disease. The most serious complications occur with prolonged hematuria, which is characterized by the arrival of a large amount of blood in the urine.

This can lead to anemia, poor general condition, malfunction of the kidneys, which will lead to intoxication. Late diagnosis of serious inflammation and tumor development can cause kidney failure.

Regardless of age, the presence of red blood cells in the urine of the child requires a careful examination for the early detection of pathologies. Timely and designated competent treatment ensures a favorable flow of any disease outcome.

Useful video of red blood cells in the urine in the child and causes an increase in their index

What is hematuria:

Types of urine tests: