Food poisoning in children. The symptoms and treatment at home, patient conditions, hospital with fever, vomiting, diarrhea without. Drugs, medications, diet, nutrition

Products are harmless to adults, can cause severe reactions in children - food poisoning, requiring emergency treatment. Exhibits symptoms and treatment of diseases caused by poisoning views.

Causes and types of food poisoning in children

Foremost among children poisoning takes food intoxication. Harmful substances entering the body of the child with food, quickly absorbed and apply blood to all organs in connection with the peculiarities of the child's body:

• incomplete formation of the bodies;
• low acid digestive juices;
• renal insufficiency filtration capacity;
• not fully formed intestinal microflora;
• weak immunity.

Among food poisoning occur:

• infections caused by microbes (viruses, bacteria, protozoa);
• toxicoinfection provoked toxin (botulism, bakteriotoksikoz);
• noninfectious poisoning animal / plant, chemical poisons.

There are more than 200 kinds of pathogens are ubiquitous and cause food poisoning in children. For example, Salmonella bacteria can occur in raw eggs, unpasteurized milk, meat.

Staphylococcus aureus is found in fish, birds, meat, bread and dairy products (if not properly stored). E. coli ingested by a child from contaminated food, from animals or dirty hands.

Common symptoms

When food poisoning incubation period (from 2 to 6 hours) is replaced by developing acute symptoms:

• refusal to eat;
• nausea and vomiting;
• cramping pain in the abdomen;
• diarrhea (disorder stool 5-10 times / day);
• increase in temperature (from 37-37,5^aboutC to 39^aboutC or higher);
• general malaise, fatigue, muscle pain;
• lowering blood pressure;
• fever;
• cold sweat;
• dehydration (dry mucous membranes, the concentration and reducing the amount of urine).

In severe cases, (in case of poisoning neurotoxic poisons) observed CNS:

• blurred vision (diplopia), speech, muscle tone;
• excessive salivation;
• lethargy;
• paresis;
• paralysis;
• rave;
• coma.

symptoms of botulism

Heavy toksikoinfektsionnoe poisoning affecting NA, botulinum is a bacterium (Clostridium botulinum). Paralytic poison, a product of its vital functions, is deadly to humans.

After 18-36 hours after eating contaminated food in the GI tract there are initial signs of poisoning: vomiting, diarrhea, cramps.

then the symptoms become more severe:

• dry mouth;
• dizziness;
• vision problems;
• impaired speech, swallowing;
• lethargy, muscle weakness;
• hard breath.

Symptoms of poisoning by nitrates

Often earlier ripening of fruits and vegetables is achieved through the use of fertilizers.

Trapped in the body of the child nitrates cause poisoning, characterized by the following symptoms:

• moodiness, denial of food and drink;
• malaise, unexplained lethargy;
• gray (bluish) color;
• bluish nail plates, lips;
• dyspnea;
• loss of coordination, seizures.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning

Caught eating toadstools - another common cause of food poisoning in children.

Manifested by the following symptoms:

• severe abdominal cramps;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea with blood;
• respiratory failure;
• convulsions.

  

Fly agaric poisoning is characterized by additional symptoms:

• increased salivation;
• intestinal pain;
• bronchospasm, dyspnea;
• hallucinations.

The consequences of food poisoning

Food poisoning in a child, symptoms and treatments which are harmful to the body, stimulates the following effects:

• reduced muscle tone deteriorates and intestinal peristalsis;
• disrupt the secretion of digestive juices and mucus:
• affects the pancreas and liver.

To prevent complications of food poisoning require timely treatment of the child and observance of the diet during rehabilitation.

diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosing the cause that triggered the poisoning of the child, carried out by bacteriological crops:

• suspicious products (potentially infected), which used the patient;
• blood;
• feces and vomit.

Identification of the causative agent allows you to assign the child competent treatment.

First aid for food poisoning in a child

Food poisoning in a child, the symptoms and treatment of which depends on the type of pathogen, it requires immediate intervention. When the intoxication symptoms should seek medical attention.

can alleviate the patient's condition until medical help arrives the following way:

• put a cleansing enema to remove toxins;
• give enterosorbent;
• baby warm drink sweet tea or saline (for moderately severe poisoning) to prevent dehydration.

With strong poisoning recommended gastric lavage.

A similar procedure is prohibited to carry out without the help of a specialist if:

• the child has an abnormal structure of the digestive tract;
• inside the stomach were foreign substances with possible damage to it;
• esophageal child has post-burn scarring;
• child susceptible to epileptic seizures or is in a state of unconsciousness;
• blood is present in vomit;
• genesis (source) poisoning unknown.

Outpatient treatment of intoxication

Complete food poisoning treatment is performed in an outpatient setting. Adequate treatment of a child may appoint a doctor, determine the root cause of poisoning based on clinical and laboratory findings.

intoxication therapy carried out according to the following scheme:

• removing toxins and pathogens poisoning;
• symptomatic treatment of a child;
• diagnosis of the causes of intoxication;
• antimicrobial therapy;
• rehabilitation period.

Mild poisoning recovery period of therapy is carried out in the home. Severe forms of intoxication suggest prolonged outpatient treatment and hospital stay of 5 days.

Excretion of poisons and toxins from the body

Removing the poison got into the baby's blood, is carried out by forced diuresis in the hospital. Apply means biotrasformiruyuschie toxins with subsequent breeding. After establishing the type of poison that caused the poisoning, antidotes used.

Stomach outpatient washed by probing.

medication

Food poisoning in a child (symptoms and treatment vary depending on the degree of intoxication) involves reception of sorbents that absorb toxins and prevent their absorption into the blood.

The following medications:

• Karbolit;
• Ultra-adsorption;
• Enterosorbent (activated carbon).

Such sorbents together with poisons derive minerals and vitamins, which are necessary to compensate for the deficit. A safe and effective enterosorbent, Polysorb. Minerol has high sorption complex and contains valuable minerals. Natural Smekta preparation may be used in newborns.

symptomatic treatment

To relieve pain and spasms in the stomach being symptomatic therapy. Antispasmodics used, if necessary - antibiotics, drugs for diarrhea and vomiting.

Combating dehydration

High fluid loss, diarrhea and vomiting provoked requires rehydration (filling) using solutions containing water, Na salt, K, Cl, glucose, extracts of medicinal herbs. They are administered orally or intravenously.

For the preparation of rehydration solution using such means as:

• tour;
• GIDROVIT;
• Glyukosolan;
• Orasan;
• rehydron;
• Reosolan;
• ORF (oral rehydration salt);
• Humana Electrolyte;
• Tsitraglyukosolan;
• Maratonik;
• Regidrin.

The resulting solution is injected into the body until the disappearance of symptoms of dehydration:

• dry mucous membranes, skin;
• excessive thirst;
• rare and scanty urination;
• dark urine.

Treatment of intoxication in the home

Mild poisoning may be treated the child at home.

The treatment regimen is established physician and include:

• gastric lavage;
• taking medication and vitamins;
• dieting.

Gastric lavage at home

Gastric lavage facilitates the child's condition and reduce the effects of intoxication.

The volume of liquid to wash depends on the child's age and amounts to:

• for a newborn - 15-20 ml;
• 1-2 months - 40-50 ml;
• Of 3-4 months - 60-90 ml;
• 5-6 months - 100 ml;
• year old - 200 ml;
• 2-3 years - 250 ml;
• 3-5- summer - 500 ml (0.5 L);
• from 7 to 11 years - 600 ml.

The algorithm of the home treatments:

1. Prepare rinsing fluid (2-3 crystal manganese in 1 liter of warm water - about 35^aboutC), carefully filtered from the undissolved crystals.
2. Seat the child in her arms in front of a capacity to vomit, covering her breasts with oilcloth.
3. Give the baby wash solution - for single administration will need 200 ml.
4. By pressing on the abdomen and the root of the tongue to induce vomiting, the baby's head bent over capacity.
5. Repeat several times (up to pure water).

It is possible to carry out the procedure, placing the child on his side.

Medications for the treatment of food poisoning in a child

For the treatment of mild poisoning may be the child's medical treatment at home.

This therapy involves the intake of the following medications:

• chelators;
• antibiotics;
• probiotics;
• antidiarrheals;
• antiemetic drugs;
• antispasmodics;
• enzymes;
• vitamin complexes.

Driving medication is prescribed individually and is determined by the attending physician.

chelators

For drugs that are excreted from the digestive tract of toxins include:

• Enterosgel,
• polisorb,
• Smecta,
• Polyphepan;
• Enterosgel,
• Activated charcoal and white,
• Filtrum,
• Smecta.

antibiotics

Antibiotics inhibit the beneficial gut microflora, which may provoke strengthening of intestinal infection. Whether to use antibiotics food poisoning in a child - the doctor decides, taking into account the symptoms of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

In severe toxicity and high temperature used antibiotics penicillin or cephalosporins, their ineffectiveness at - least toxic macrolides:

• nifuroxazide;
• Enterofuril;
• ftalazol;
• ampicillin;
• Ceftriaxone.

probiotics

After removal of acute intoxication symptoms of probiotics is carried reception rate for the normalization of the intestinal microflora and its restoration.

These drugs include:

• Linex;
• Laktiale;
• Enterol;
• Biobakton.

Medicines for diarrhea and vomiting

If vomiting and diarrhea are appointed by drugs such as:

• metoclopramide;
• Loperamide (5 years);
• Lopedium;
• Reglan (14 years);
• Stopdiar.

All drugs are contraindicated for children under a year.

antispasmodics

Antispasmodics relax the smooth muscles of the digestive tract and are used in abdominal cramps.

For the treatment of children used myotropic means not involving the National Assembly:

• No-Spa;
• Papaverine;
• Trimedat;
• Niaspam.

Tablets and syrups based plant (tansy, belladonna, fennel, camomile) was deprotected enterospasms without side effects.

enzymes

Gastrointestinal tract requires recovery from poisoning due to this deficiency of enzymes necessary for complete digestion. Pharmacy enzymes can be used only on doctor's advice and courses to the child's body has lost the ability to develop their self.

Are used:

• mezim;
• Hilak forte;
• Baktisubtil.

vitamins

After poisoning the children needed minerals and vitamins:

• A (beta-carotene) - protects the mucous membrane;
• Group B - supports muscle tone the digestive tract;
• C - improves the immune system;
• PP - improves the secretion of the stomach, helps prevent diarrhea;
• U - restores the cells of the stomach.

They can be purchased at a pharmacy or make up for the deficit at the expense of a balanced diet.

drinking regime

To prevent dehydration of the child is necessary to support the drinking regime.

Recommended use:

• pure or alkaline mineral water;
• decoctions of dried fruits or hips;
• rehydration solutions.

Between bouts of vomiting, the child must be given:

• up to 2 years - 50-100 ml liquid;
• from 2 to 10 years - 100-200 ml;
• older than 10 years - more than 200 ml.

You can not drink juices, milk, sour drink. Dairy products, useful intestinal microflora, are introduced into the diet of only 5-6 days of treatment.

Diet for poisoning

If signs of poisoning should refrain from feeding, so as not to cause a child to vomit.

If the patient is hungry, you can offer:

• oat or rice gruel;
• baked apples;
• galetnoe cookies.

After stabilization of the state of the child can be given:

• boiled eggs;
• mashed potatoes (on the water);
• vegetable, chicken broth;
• frayed dietary meat.

The weekly menu for the child with food poisoning

Food poisoning in a child, symptoms and treatment which strike the digestive organs, weakening the growing organism. In the rehabilitation stage of treatment is necessary to comply with sparing diet. It corrects the attending physician taking into account the individual characteristics of the child.

General recommendations of feeding the patient after the poisoning:

• small portions of food;
• Food intake 5-7 times a day (2.5 hour interval);
• serving meals in the form of heat and mashed;
• steaming food, stewed or baked form.

Eating habits can be returned after the complete restoration of the child (5-7 day).

Recommendations for the preparation of the menu:

First meal	Garnishes	snacks	Dessert	Beverages
Pureed vegetable soups, light chicken broth, soup, rice.	Kashi water (rice, buckwheat); boiled vegetables; mashed potatoes.	Cutlets of meat (low-fat minced meat), meatballs, meatballs fish, poultry - a couple.	Casseroles, puddings, cottage cheese, galetnoe cookies, Baked fruit is acidic (pears, apples, quinces).	Still mineral water decoction dill, chamomile, rose honey, green tea, jelly, stewed fruit.

From the poisoned child's diet should be deleted:

• cucumbers;
• cabbage;
• legumes (peas, beans, asparagus);
• turnip, radish;
• sausage, canned food;
• barley, wheat cereals;
• black bread;
• sweets, pastry;
• raw vegetables and fruits;
• sauces, spices;
• acid berries;
• oranges, tangerines;
• freshly squeezed juices.

After withdrawal symptoms and treatment of food poisoning is necessary to provide adequate nutrition compensating deficit lost vitamins, minerals, trace elements. The diet is expanding gradually and only after the patient's recovery.

Author: SECHINA

PAPERS: Mila Friedan

Videos about the treatment of food poisoning in a child

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