Hyperestrogenia women. Symptoms and treatment, relative, absolute

Hyperestrogenia in women can be caused by physiological reasons (pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum) and pathological. Its symptoms are common to other diseases, so the diagnosis is possible only by means of laboratory tests.

treatment strategy depends on the major factor that caused the deviation. For some patients sufficient to establish the date of treatment and improve diet. In severe cases, prescribe hormones.

Effect of estrogen on the female body

Estrogens are the major sex hormonesThrough which it is formed a female phenotype - a combination of features, typical for this floor. In a small number and they are in men. Hormone secretion occurs mainly in ovarian follicles and their metabolism consists of complex enzyme reactions.

The greatest number of receptors that are sensitive to estrogen hormones is in the genital organs (uterus, vagina), the breasts, the urethra, liver, hypothalamus, and pituitary. They are also in the tissues of the nervous system and the heart muscle in the walls of blood vessels, colon, mucous membranes.

Therefore, violation of concentration of estrogen affects almost all organs and systems. Scholars have identified more than one hundred functions performed by these hormones.

The main ones are:

• stimulation of the uterus, vagina and secondary sexual characteristics (breast, hairiness body of female type, skin coloring at the nipple);
• regulation closing end portions of long bones and growth hormone calcitonin maintaining production, which ensures the correct calcium-phosphorus metabolism;
• Timely endometrial rejection, maintaining constancy of the menstrual cycle and formation of follicles.

Hyperestrogenia women whose symptoms are non-specific, resulting in the following pathological processes:

• excessive cell division uterus and mammary glands;
• regeneration of the mucous tissues of the uterus;
• suppression of milk in the breasts;
• disorder of bone synthesis (degradation process resorption of old plots after which occurs to replace them with new structures);
• enhancement of production of proteins that promote blood clotting and thrombus formation;
• increasing the concentration of thyroxine (a hormone from the thyroid gland), copper and iron in blood plasma;
• sodium and water retention in the tissues.

The reasons for the increased production of estrogen

Biological processes associated with estrogen metabolism, are very vulnerable and violated with a genetic predisposition, and under the influence of adverse environmental conditions.

The most common reasons for raising the level of female hormones are the following:

• benign tumor in the pituitary gland tumors at other sites, which produce estrogen;
• disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary system;
• thyroid disease;
• Gastrointestinal diseases;
• obesity;
• diseases genital organs (uterine fibroids, adenomyosis);
• hormonal medicines.

Diseases of the digestive system

During the metabolic processes associated with estrogen sulfates, which in large quantities contained in intercellular space, and react with glucuronic acid, which is the oxidation product of glucose. These compounds are derived through the liver to bile ducts, and then, together with bile, arrive in the intestine.

The deterioration processes of absorption and excretion results in the accumulation of hormones in the female body. Hyperestrogenia often seen in patients suffering from a violation of the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract. The process of the normal excretion of hormones changes also in the case of the diet is not enough fiber.

The intestinal flora produces an enzyme that contributes to the destruction of glucuronic acid with estrogen compounds. As a result, hormones may again penetrate into the body through the gastrointestinal wall. Fiber absorbs estrogen and helps their excretion.

Medical studies show that women who prefer a vegetarian diet, the level of estrogen in the blood lower. For binding of hormones to safe compounds and their subsequent elimination from the body as required vitamins, especially B, and folic acid.

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid and its iodinated produced active agents are one of the key elements throughout the endocrine system. An imbalance of this body leads to disruption of hormone-dependent structures and the "work" of estrogen at the cellular level.

Persistent increase in the level of thyroid hormones causes giperestrogeniey, which develops according to the following mechanism:

1. In peripheral tissues (skin, fat tissue) is activated by the enzyme aromatase, which is involved in the metabolism of estrone and estradiol.
2. The adrenal gland is an increase in the production of sex hormones.
3. Thyroid hormones promote increase amount steroid binding globulin, which is responsible for transport to tissues and estradiol decrease androgen activity.
4. Violation of metabolic processes leading to obesity, which in turn stimulates additional synthesis of estradiol.

Hormonally active tumor

Hyperestrogenia women, the symptoms of which are listed below, can also be caused by tumors estrogenprodutsiruyuschimi ovaries or adrenal glands. This reason is less common and occurs most commonly in children and men. In the latter case, the most striking symptom is gynecomastia - breast enlargement observed in 98% of patients.

In women, diagnosis of these tumors is difficult as the main feature - the increased feminization - difficult to determine. Estrogenprodutsiruyuschie tumors can also produce other hormones - inhibin and progesterone, and therefore the arise as gipermenstrualny and hypomenstrual signs (plentiful monthly or their absence respectively).

diencephalic syndrome

Diencephalic syndrome is associated with deterioration of the cyclic function of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, which is the foundation of the reproductive abilities of women. This deviation is shown in the form of a number of endocrine pathologies and exchange character.

The process takes place by the following mechanism:

1. hypothalamic dysfunction leads to disruption of the pituitary gland.
2. Deteriorating cyclical production of gonadotropin hormones, which control the operation of the sex glands.
3. Disrupted the process of maturation of follicles in the ovaries. They do not reach full maturity and long-term release of estrogens.
4. Longer hormones influence promotes the development of pathological processes of dividing cells in endometrium and other complications.

Diencephalic syndrome associated with multiple causes:

• physical or emotional stress, chronic sleep deprivation;
• bacterial or viral diseases that lead to inflammation of the brain and its meninges;
• head trauma;
• inflammatory and infectious diseases of the nasopharynx (sinusitis, tonsillitis);
• fasting or prolonged lack of vitamins in the diet.

Hormonal drugs

Hyperestrogenia also occurs in patients receiving hormonal drugs. Estrogens are part of the oral contraceptives, medicines for the treatment of endometrial diseases elimination of endometrial pathology in preparation for pregnancy and lost hormonal function ovary. Most COCs include ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate.

The latter compound was used previously in medicine for the treatment of hypoestrogenism. Long-term use of hormonal drugs leads to the accumulation of hormones in the female body. Regulation of the menstrual cycle when using contraceptives depends on the dose of estrogen in their structure.

Overweight

Hyperestrogenia women, the symptoms of which initially had virtually no manifest, often occurs in overweight patients. This is due to the fact that fat tissues contain significant amounts of the enzyme aromatase. This material promotes the conversion of steroids into estrogens.

For the same reason men suffering from obesity, becoming feminized features of the figure. In addition, increased hormonal activity of adipose tissue inhibits the production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the pituitary gland.

Wrong mode of the day

Lack of sleep, excessive intensive physical activity and stress is one of the causes of violations of hormone metabolism. These factors contribute to the accumulation in the body of the woman free radicals, which have a negative impact on the endocrine system at the cellular level. Lack of B vitamins and folic acid aggravates violation hormone metabolism.

In the absence of oxidative stress estrogens are converted into inactive compounds, which are then output through the intestine. Free radicals lead to disruption of the chemical reaction methylation estrogens.

Food

Unbalanced diet and insufficient intake of vitamins, fatty acids and antioxidant substances affect the development hyperestrogenia indirectly. Thus, the abuse of spicy dishes can cause chronic irritation of the intestinal mucosa, which prevents the absorption of substances, involved in estrogen metabolism, and large amounts of carbohydrates - obesity and increased hormone production in peripheral tissues.

Furthermore vitamins of group B and PP, great importance is ascorbic acid. Vitamin C a person only receives from the outside, along with the food. Its deficiency leads to a decrease in antioxidant capacity of the body and can cause the development of sclerocystic ovarian syndrome.

In this disease broken estradiol conversion to less active estriol, as a result of which there hyperestrogenia.

Prolonged starvation and lack of dietary element also violates the metabolism of hormones. The reason for this is the fact that many minerals are co-factors, that is, taking part in the chemical reactions of female sex hormones.

other causes

There are other reasons that contribute to the development of this pathology:

• Lack of sufficient physical activity. Moderate load stimulates the deactivation and detoxification of estrogen.
• Concomitant diseases, worsening the endocrine system.
• Genetic susceptibility to disruption of estrogen metabolism. There are about 10 genes, which encode enzymes detoxify sex hormones.
• Taking some non-hormonal medications (barbiturates, hypoglycemic, and anti-anti-ulcer agents). Their influence is associated with activation of the enzyme cytochrome which converts estrone in a safe metabolite.

Risk factors

By hyperestrogenia risk factors include the following:

• Smoking. Its action is twofold: it provokes oxidative stress, and reduced activity of enzymes that contribute to the transformation of sex hormones in inactive compounds.
• Alcohol abuse.
• Exposure to toxic substancesHeavy metals, phthalates, pesticides. They can be ingested together with food or inhaled air. These harmful compounds block the normal way estrogen conversion, and contribute to the accumulation of metabolites in the tissues. Phthalates are widely used in industry and found in plastic products, plastic items - packaging film, plastic bags, as well as paints and varnishes.
• Eating foods that contain hormones. This occurs most often when cooking meat dishes. Unfair agricultural producers use hormones to boost animal weight.

Forms and symptoms hyperestrogenia

In medicine, isolated 2 form of the disease:

• absoluteAt which there is increased production of estrogen;
• relativeWhen the levels of these hormones is increased by reducing the proportion of androgens. This type is more common in male patients.

Hyperestrogenia women at an early stage can not manifest itself. This is due to the fact that the body of a healthy person has a large compensatory abilities. Symptoms of the disease at this stage can only be detected by special laboratory studies.

Duration compensatory period depending on the general condition and the factors listed above.

Subsequently there are such features as:

• heavy monthly bleeding accompanied by severe morbidity;
• weight fluctuations, his speed dial, despite exercise and diet;
• chest pain during menses, the emergence of the seals in the mammary gland;
• mood swings, irritability.

In women before menopause, as well as girls in their teens often have anovulatory bleeding after a delay monthly from several days to several weeks.

Gynecological examination revealed additional symptoms:

• genital mucosa is bright red;
• symptom "pupil" - the increase in uterine cervical canal openings, and looks like the pupil;
• Long strands of mucus in the menstrual blood;
• no anatomical changes in the female genital organs, which could indicate other pathologies.

In the presence of patient tumor estrogenprodutsiruyuschih following changes can be noted:

• improving skin tone, more "youthful" appearance;
• permanent breast engorgement;
• enhancement of sexual desire.

Complications and consequences

Hyperestrogenia women, the symptoms and the causes of which are described above, can lead to the following negative consequences:

• endometriosis;
• profuse uterine bleeding, iron deficiency anemia;
• breast;
• thrombosis and its complications;
• infertility;
• uterine fibroids;
• endometrial polyps, occurrence of malignant tumors therein.

The mechanism of these processes is based on the fact that estrogens stimulate excessive cell division in tissue. It also contributes to the development of human papillomavirus infection in the cervix.

diagnosis hyperestrogenia

Since hyperestrogenia is a multifactorial disease, is to identify the real cause of the disease requires a comprehensive diagnosis. In the first stage, the laboratory determination of the levels of estradiol, estriol, estrone, and other hormones in the blood serum. Fence biomaterial is produced in follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle.

The presence of high levels of hormones in one of these studies show positive results. If the diagnosis is not confirmed hyperestrogenia biochemical indicators of blood, then examined estrogen metabolism. High level 16-hydroxyestrone and homocysteine ​​in the blood indicates the presence of pathology.

This survey is conducted from the 19th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle.

To identify pituitary adenomas conducted radiography Turkish saddle brain and EEG, MRI, and REG. To determine the localization of tumors other applied ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy. According to the testimony may be appointed consultation with a gastroenterologist, a neurologist, a psychiatrist and a hematologist.

differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of the disease is carried out to determine the root causes of process - the presence or secondary neoplasms factors leading to disruption of the hormonal balance.

If hyperestrogenia occurs against the backdrop of uterine bleeding, then exclude other possible pathologies:

• benign and malignant tumors of internal genitals;
• trauma;
• endometriosis;
• uterine fibroids;
• to terminate the pregnancy, or the remnants of the ovum after abortion;
• Pathology of blood, liver and cardiovascular system.

hyperestrogenia treatment

Traditional treatment hyperestrogenia is the use of hormonal drugs.

As an alternative to such therapy using another complex method:

• To give up smoking.
• Changing your diet, treatment of associated pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Vitamin therapy. Vitamins not only enhance the transmission of signals of steroid hormones, but also help to reduce oxidative stress. For this purpose take mono- or complex preparations containing folic acid, vitamin B6, B2, B12, magnesium. As cofactors chemical transformation of estrogens are also needed copper, zinc, selenium and iron.
• BAA Receiving the content of soy isoflavones, omega-3 fatty acid, indole-3-carbinol. These compounds contribute to the normalization of the binding and removal of estrogen from the body of women.
• The use of drugs that reduce activity of the enzyme aromatase (Anastrasol, Arimidex and others).
• Normalization of the regime of work and rest, moderate exercise.

Treatment of pathologies of the digestive tract

Depending on the established diagnosis of the digestive tract, the doctor may prescribe drugs following groups:

• in violation of the intestinal microflora: bacteriophages (after determination of an infectious agent), antibiotics (doxycycline, amoxicillin, neomycin, Ftalazol, Ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, etc.); antifungals (nystatin, etc.); probiotics and prebiotics (Enterol, atsilakt, Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Atsipol, Lineks and others);
• the enzymatic deficiency: Pancreatin, Kreon, Mezim Forte;
• constipation: cellulose. Especially efficiently absorbs estrogens flax fiber and soy.

diet therapy

Women with giperestrogeniey recommended to include in the diet the following foods:

• vegetables of Cruciferae (different types of cabbage, cress, artichoke), they contain a large amount of indole-3-carbinol;
• green tea, tomatoes, watermelon, lemon, turmeric, red grapes, which contain antioxidant substances;
• grapefruit, garlic, parsley, spinach (contain flavonoids, reducing the enzyme activity of cytochrome);
• whole grains (rye, rice), nuts and seeds;
• fruits (citrus fruits, apples, cherries).

One of the important conditions for proper hormone metabolism is to consume protein foods, because it serves as a "supplier" of the methyl groups that bind estrogen for their removal. The diet should be rich in vitamins and contain sufficient vegetables rich in fiber.

progestins

To conduct hormonal therapy in women with hyperestrogenia used drugs listed in the table below.

The name of the drug, the release form	The active substance, especially action	Average price, RR.
Duphaston tablets	Dydrogesterone, has no estrogenic or androgenic activity	500
Progesterone solution / m or on / in the	Progesterone inhibits the production of hormones in the pituitary gland	940
Danol capsules	Danazol, a synthetic androgen, suppresses pituitary hormone production in	4000 (100 capsules of 100 mg)
Tamoxifen tablets	Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen, blocked receptors	150
Utrozhestan capsules	micronized progesterone	400
Rigevidon, tablets	Ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel, inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones	250
Mikroginon tablets	340

Drugs administered in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, for 3-6 months.

Recipes folk remedies

In folk medicine for the treatment of hormonal disorders using phytoestrogens, which may either increase or decrease the level of female sex hormones.

These substances are found in plants such as:

• beans;
• Red clover;
• Licorice (root);
• lentils;
• grapes (seeds and skins);
• hop;
• black cohosh;
• flax (seed);
• Wild yam and others.

Here are some recipes for the treatment of this disease:

• Cocktail of phytoestrogens. Ingredients: 2 tbsp. l. hemp seeds 1 h. l. sesame seeds, 2 cups of water, 2 hours. l. spirulina 2 hours. l. milled poppy seed 2 hours. l. chia seed, 1 hr. l. coconut oil, 1 banana. The blender mix the hemp seed, sesame and water to obtain a homogeneous mass. Then add the remaining ingredients and mix again. Drink a cocktail every day before meals.
• 2 tbsp. l linden flower and as much flax seeds pour 2 tbsp. boiling water and insist in a thermos. Drink as a tea several times a day. Honey may be added for a more pleasant taste.
• 2 tbsp. l. marjoram pour 1 tbsp. of boiling water, drain. Drink ½ st. morning and evening after meals.
• 1 bulb onion and 2-3 cloves of garlic, pour 1 tbsp. milk and simmer until tender. Cool, strain, add 1 tbsp. l. honey. Take 3 times a day for 1 st. l.

Forecast

In the initial stage hyperestrogenia when there are no complications, prognosis - favorable. Elimination of negative environmental factors and appropriate treatment can fully restore the function of the body.

With prolonged exposure to high levels of estrogen increases the risk of malignant proliferative processes. The outcome of the disease in this case depends on the tumor stage and the general state of the organism. Hyperestrogenia common in women less than the deficit of sex hormones.

However, this disease can lead to serious complications. Subjective symptoms are easily confused with other conditions, so for an accurate diagnosis and determine the cause should consult a doctor, a blood test to detect levels hormones. In order to prevent hyperestrogenia women should avoid the risk factors listed above.

Useful video of hyperestrogenia women, its symptoms and treatments

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